University of Texas, Brownsville - CLSC 2429

CLSC 2429-03 Clinical Microbiology in Health Care

Chapter 3

1)How did Hans Christian Joachim Gram contribute to the field of microbiology?

2. How does immersion oil help resolution when viewing an object with the 100x objective?
3. A virus can only be seen using this type of microscopy.
4. Which is the most common microscope used in the medical laboratory?
5. Which microscope is best for viewing an unstained specimen?
6. Describe the principles of the Gram stain and the acid fast stain. (See Table 3.2)
7. Why is the Gram stain so important? What is meant by morphology?
8. What is the reason behind the characteristic groupings formed by prokaryotes?
9. What is a solute?
10. Describe the role of the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes?
11. What is meant by “selective permeability” of the lipid bilayer?
12. What function do transport proteins on the cytoplasmic membrane perform?
13. Name 3 methods of movement of small molecules across the cytoplasmic membrane?
14. What is the cell wall made of?
15. What is peptidoglycan?

16. What is the “unique outer membrane” and what is it made of?
17. Name 2 substances that can weaken peptidoglycan?
18. Name a bacterium that lacks a cell wall?
19. What are sterols?
20. Do archaea have a cell wall? Do they have peptidoglycan?
21. What do capsules and slime layers provide for bacteria?
22. What is the function of flagella and pili?
23. What is chemotaxis?
24. What are nucleoids?
25. What are the function of plasmids and ribosomes?
26. Name the membrane bound organelles.
27. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?
28. What is the theory behind mitochondria and chloroplasts?