Louisiana State University - HIST 2055

Chapter 8 The Federalist Era

TRUE/FALSE

1)George Washington won thirty-eight of sixty-nine electoral votes to become the first president.

2. Congress initially set the number of Supreme Court justices at nine.

3. The Bill of Rights consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution.

4. Washington’s first presidential veto was on Hamilton’s bill for a national bank.

5. According to Alexander Hamilton, the United States needed a national bank to provide a stable cur- rency and to assure capital for development.

6. Alexander Hamilton believed the U.S. economy should remain predominantly agricultural.

7. Thomas Jefferson’s supporters were called “Republicans.”

8. On the issue of the assumption of state debts, James Madison agreed with Alexander Hamilton.

9. Conflicts with Britain and France in the 1790s created a spirit of national unity.

10. Most Americans supported the French Revolution, even in its violent phase known as the Reign of Terror.

11. In foreign policy, Federalists tended to favor the French.

12. Almost without exception, Americans praised Jay’s Treaty.

13. Jay’s Treaty barely passed the U.S. Senate.

14. The slogan “Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute” is associated with the XYZ affair.

15. The partisan divisions of the 1790s ended the friendship of Adams and Jefferson for an extended peri- od.

16. Thomas Jefferson was elected the third president of the United States.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. By 1790, America:
   1. had less than a million people
   2. reached from the Atlantic to the Appalachians
   3. remained a predominantly rural society
   4. was free of significant regional differences
   5. was confident of success under its new constitution

2. By 1790, the Indians:
   1. remained a powerful threat to western settlement
   2. had become U.S. citizens
   3. were largely eradicated
   4. had signed away most of their lands by treaty
   5. had united into a powerful western confederacy

3. In early 1789, the new Congress gathered in the national capital, which was:
   1. Philadelphia
   2. New York City
   3. Boston
   4. Washington, D.C.
   5. Baltimore

4. In his inaugural address, President Washington emphasized:
   1. his economic plans
   2. party politics
   3. national unity

1. 4. relations with Britain
   5. his cabinet selections

5. Washington’s secretary of state was:
   1. John Hancock
   2. Thomas Jefferson
   3. James Madison
   4. Edmund Randolph
   5. John Adams

6. The first Supreme Court:
   1. had nine members
   2. was picked by Congress
   3. was led by chief justice John Adams
   4. required its justices to serve on circuit courts as well
   5. limited its justices to six-year terms

7. The Bill of Rights did all of the following EXCEPT:
   1. safeguard freedoms such as press, speech, and assembly
   2. appease some initial critics of the Constitution
   3. constitute the first ten amendments to the Constitution
   4. protect against “cruel and unusual” punishment
   5. settle all questions about federal versus state authority

8. In regard to religion, the Constitution:
   1. makes the United States a Christian nation
   2. reflects the atheism of the Founding Fathers
   3. prohibits the states from having official churches
   4. expresses hostility toward religion
   5. prevents Congress from establishing an official religion

9. The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution:
   1. protected the right to bear arms
   2. guaranteed certain civil rights for African Americans
   3. guaranteed free speech and the right of assembly
   4. prohibited the national government from interfering in the religious beliefs or practices of any citizen
   5. said that powers not specifically given to the national government remained with the states or the people

10. The Tonnage Act of 1789:
    1. placed higher tonnage duties on foreign vessels
    2. singled out the British for especially punitive treatment
    3. treated all vessels entering American ports equally
    4. became the chief source of revenue for the federal government
    5. lowered prices Americans would pay for imports

11. Alexander Hamilton’s basic vision of America was to make it:
    1. a vibrant capitalist power
    2. a democratic model for the world
    3. a mighty empire like ancient Rome
    4. committed to limited government and social equality
    5. an example of racial tolerance and diversity

12. In regard to state debts, Hamilton proposed that:
    1. they be canceled
    2. the federal government take them over
    3. they be paid off by an income tax
    4. creditors get back only half their money
    5. the British be forced to pay them

13. Hamilton’s plan to fund the national debt at its full face value would most benefit:
    1. farmers
    2. military veterans
    3. speculators
    4. Congressmen
    5. Southerners

14. Madison decided to support Hamilton’s debt proposals in return for an agreement to:
    1. give more money to the original bondholders
    2. make the states pay their own debts
    3. cut taxes
    4. limit future federal spending
    5. relocate the nation capital southward

15. The national bank proposed by Hamilton:
    1. would be totally owned by the federal government
    2. had unanimous support in Congress
    3. was specifically authorized by the Constitution

1. 4. would provide a stable national currency
   5. was ultimately opposed by President Washington

16. Madison and Jefferson objected to the national bank primarily because:
    1. they believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution
    2. they felt it was not powerful enough to meet the nation’s financial needs
    3. it would cost the government too much money
    4. it would be located in New York rather than Virginia
    5. too many of Hamilton’s friends had acquired bank stock

17. In his debate with Jefferson over the national bank’s constitutionality, Hamilton:
    1. emphasized states rights
    2. strictly interpreted the Constitution
    3. used the doctrine of implied powers
    4. emphasized the Tenth Amendment
    5. had Madison’s support

18. One key element of Hamilton’s program to encourage manufacturing was his proposal for:
    1. a cut-off of trade with Britain
    2. high protective tariffs
    3. government-owned factories
    4. importation of cheap foreign labor
    5. government colleges for industrial education

19. The emergence of political parties:
    1. was anticipated by the writers of the Constitution
    2. was strongly encouraged by President Washington
    3. resulted from a division between monarchists and republicans
    4. brought the United States to the brink of civil war
    5. reflected basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton

20. The party led by Madison and Jefferson that opposed Hamilton was the:
    1. Republicans
    2. Anti-Federalists
    3. Unionists
    4. Federalists
    5. Constitutionalists

21. Thomas Jefferson was all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. an aristocrat from Virginia
    2. skilled and educated in a wide range of subjects
    3. Washington’s Secretary of State
    4. an admirer of small farmers
    5. a staunch advocate of urbanization

22. In foreign affairs, Americans became deeply divided in the 1790s over:
    1. the French Revolution
    2. relations with Spain
    3. the rise of Napoléon
    4. Britain’s interference with the slave trade
    5. European colonization in Africa and Asia

23. When Britain and France went to war in 1793, the United States:
    1. supported Britain because of its conservative government
    2. supported France because of the Franco-American alliance
    3. expressed neutrality, warning Americans not to aid either side
    4. allied with other nations to oppose both Britain and France
    5. sharply increased its military spending

24. The Hamiltonians viewed developments in France by the early 1790s as:
    1. essentially positive
    2. a continuation of our own revolution
    3. radical and horrifying
    4. insignificant due to the distance from America
    5. proof of the virtues of monarchy

25. Edmond Genet:
    1. came to the United States to escape the revolutionary excesses of the French Revolution
    2. encouraged Americans to attack Spanish territory on the frontier
    3. quickly won the sympathy of Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists
    4. was deeply involved in the XYZ affair
    5. became a leading member of the Republican Party

26. By the mid-1790s, Americans became incensed with the British over:
    1. Britain’s support for the French Revolution
    2. British seizure of American merchant vessels
    3. high British taxes on American imports
    4. Britain’s refusal to recognize American independence
    5. the British engaging in war with France

27. As a result of Jay’s Treaty:

1. 1. the United States and Britain became military allies
   2. the border with Canada was adjusted in favor of America
   3. all American trade with the British West Indies was legalized
   4. duties on most items imported from Britain were cut in half
   5. the British agreed to evacuate their northwest posts by 1796

28. Jay’s Treaty:
    1. shut American merchants out of the West Indies
    2. ended a war with the British
    3. was most strongly opposed in New England
    4. infuriated Republicans for its concessions to the British
    5. forced Hamilton’s resignation from the cabinet

29. The Treaty of Greenville was an agreement between the United States and:
    1. Britain
    2. France
    3. Spain
    4. Indians on the northwest frontier
    5. Canada

30. Opposition to Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey was strongest among:
    1. merchants
    2. Federalists
    3. veterans
    4. frontier farmers
    5. church-goers

31. The Whiskey Rebellion resulted in:
    1. the repeal of the federal liquor tax
    2. declining support for the Republicans
    3. mass executions of the captured rebels
    4. the sending of a massive army to western Pennsylvania
    5. diminished respect for federal authority

32. Pinckney’s Treaty resulted in:
    1. American ownership of the Mississippi River
    2. expulsion of the Indians from the Southwest
    3. American trade access to Spanish New Orleans
    4. Spain’s withdrawal from Florida
    5. the right of Americans to settle in Texas

33. In regard to land policy, Hamilton and the Federalists:
    1. wanted to reserve western lands for Indians

1. 2. favored high land prices that would slow western settlement
   3. believed land should be free for anyone promising to farm it
   4. proposed that settlement be banned west of the Appalachians
   5. believed a lottery should determine who could buy western land

34. The attitude of the Federalists toward western land sales was produced by their desire to:
    1. get the West settled as quickly as possible
    2. collect more revenue so that tariffs could be reduced
    3. protect their political base in the East
    4. protect the interests of settlers over those of wealthy speculators
    5. increase the size of the national debt

35. Daniel Boone led settlers into:
    1. Ohio
    2. Indiana
    3. Arkansas
    4. Alabama
    5. Kentucky

36. The preferred crop of pioneers on the Wilderness Road was:
    1. corn
    2. cotton
    3. tobacco
    4. wheat
    5. potatoes

37. Washington’s farewell address:
    1. praised the emerging party system
    2. urged greater involvement in Europe
    3. was soon forgotten since Washington was a poor speaker
    4. was pessimistic about the nation’s future
    5. opposed permanent alliances

38. The 1796 presidential election:
    1. was the nation’s first partisan election
    2. was free of personal attacks
    3. resulted in a landslide win for John Adams
    4. showed Washington’s loss of popularity
    5. was a total loss for Thomas Jefferson

39. Under President Adams, a war between the United States and France:

1. 1. was an undeclared naval conflict
   2. was ended by the XYZ affair
   3. halted partisan divisions
   4. ended in American victory
   5. led to French attacks on the U.S. coast

40. The politician involved in partisan attacks on John Adams while he served as Adams’s vice president was:
    1. Alexander Hamilton
    2. Thomas Jefferson
    3. John Jay
    4. James Madison
    5. Aaron Burr

41. The Sedition Act was aimed primarily at:
    1. foreign immigrants
    2. anti-war Federalists
    3. Republican newspaper editors
    4. French spies
    5. draft evaders

42. The Alien Act of 1798:
    1. shut off immigration to the United States
    2. banned noncitizens from holding public office
    3. led to a crackdown on Republican journalists
    4. was aimed especially at French and Irish Republicans
    5. was inspired by public anger over the Jay’s Treaty terms

43. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions:
    1. wiped out the Alien and Sedition Acts
    2. got their authors arrested
    3. supported strong federal authority in wartime
    4. were drafted by Jefferson and Madison
    5. called for negotiations to end the war with France

44. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argued that:
    1. states could decide if laws were unconstitutional
    2. taxes imposed by Congress were unconstitutional
    3. immigrants should be expelled from the country if they were not loyal to the American cause
    4. the “freedom of speech” clause in the Bill of Rights did not apply to purely political rhet-

oric

1. 5. new Western states should be admitted as quickly as possible

45. All of the following were liabilities for Adams when he ran for reelection EXCEPT:
    1. his pursuit of peace with France
    2. Hamilton’s questions about his fitness for office
    3. disapproval of the Alien and Sedition Acts
    4. evidence he enriched himself in office
    5. suggestions that he was a monarchist

46. In the election of 1800:
    1. Jefferson campaigned around the country
    2. Jefferson was attacked as an atheist and a radical
    3. Federalists enthusiastically united behind Adams
    4. the parties agreed on the major issues
    5. Hamilton intrigued to get Burr elected

47. Jefferson’s election in 1800:
    1. continued the Federalist domination of the U.S. government
    2. had to be settled by the House of Representatives
    3. was assured when Aaron Burr agreed to withdraw as a candidate for president
    4. was assured when George Washington announced his support of Jefferson just three weeks before the election
    5. ended party divisions

48. Just before he left office, Adams:
    1. repealed Hamilton’s tax policies
    2. questioned the fair outcome of the election
    3. appointed John Marshall chief justice
    4. destroyed his official records
    5. renewed his friendship with Jefferson

49. The Judiciary Act of 1801:
    1. created three new positions on the Supreme Court
    2. was the first act passed by the Republicans
    3. allowed federal judges to be impeached under the Sedition Act
    4. was the legacy of the Federalists as they left office
    5. was vetoed by President Jefferson

50. The election of 1800 did all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. elevate Jefferson to the presidency
    2. mark the first time an opposition party came to power