QUESTION 1)_ was the traditional form of control in manufact

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QUESTION 1)_ was the traditional form of control in manufacturing

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QUESTION 1)_ was the traditional form of control in manufacturing.

		Postcontrol
		Concurrent control
		Precontrol
		Production control

QUESTION 2

How can measurement of performance be facilitated?

		by imitating rival's methods
		by setting concrete standards
		by providing major incentives
		by reducing hours of work

QUESTION 3

What determines whether a control is considered operational, tactical, or strategic?

		its industry
		its breadth of scope
		its effect on profitability
		its implementation schedule

QUESTION 4

________ is usually the most difficult managerial task in the control process.

		Comparing performance to standards
		Establishing standards
		Evaluating and taking corrective action
		Measuring performance

QUESTION 5

Achievable budget standards are regarded as desirable because ________.

		they focus only on long-term actions at the expense of short-term objectives
		they are not too challenging for the company
		they reduce the motivation to manipulate data
		they reduce uncertainty and keep employee morale under check

QUESTION 6

Managers should take reinforcing action when actual performance is worse than expected and corrective action when actual performance is better than expected.

True

False

QUESTION 7

The ________ focuses on the decision maker as a satisficer.

		retrospective decision model
		implicit favorite model
		rational model
		bounded rationality model

QUESTION 8

Which of the following assumption is made while pursing the rational model of decision making?

		The problem or opportunity is unclear.
		Decision makers are not rational.
		The firm's objectives are unclear.
		Decision makers are not biased.

QUESTION 9

________ is the tendency for decision makers to accept the first alternative that meets their minimally acceptable requirements rather than push further for an alternative that produces the best results.

		Altruism
		Satisficing
		Groupthink
		Rational ignorance

QUESTION 10

"I hate Irish men because they are drunkards." This statement is an example of ________.

		stereotyping
		information bias
		cognitive complexity
		selective perception

QUESTION 11

Which of the following is an example of a programmed decision?

		improving sales in an area that has until recently seen a dip in sales
		analyzing the feasibility of starting a new subsidiary in a different country
		creating rules and procedures to maintain a safe work environment
		coming up with the best way to communicate with the target market

QUESTION 12

In a group decision-making process, appointing a devil's advocate will prevent groupthink.

True

False

QUESTION 13

________ controls focus on the implementation of strategy and relate to specific, functional areas within the organization

		operational
		quality
		strategic
		tactical

QUESTION 14

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of an organization that affects communication?

		Organizations are composed of only groups, rather than individuals.
		Organizations have continuity through time.
		Organizations have only integrated functions.
		Organizations are oriented towards performance, rather than goals.

QUESTION 15

Arbery Fudge Company, Inc. engages in the production and marketing of fudge candy in the United States. The company believes in continuous improvement and constantly evaluates the effectiveness of the control strategies that the managers use. Which of the following situations would necessitate the use strategic control for evaluation?

		The organization wants to implement a system for formalizing reporting at various levels in an organization.
		The organization has to perform a task in a relatively limited time frame to help one of its key distributors make use of an important opportunity.
		The competition in the confectionery market has increased significantly in the recent past and management is planning to revamp its competitive approaches.
		The organization has current liabilities greater than the current assets. The managers are analyzing the situation to make a decision on whether or not to increase liquidity.

QUESTION 16

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for proper control?

		Control should involve only a minimum of information.
		Long term as well as short term controls should be used.
		Controls should be timely so that corrective actions can be taken before it is too late.
		Controls should measure all activities in order to be comprehensive.
		Emphasize the reward of meeting or exceeding standards rather than punishment for failing to meet standards.

QUESTION 17

Which of the following is the best example of selective perception acting as a barrier to interpersonal communication?

		A subordinate employee does not make eye contact with his manager when speaking to him.
		A customer focuses only on the product's price and ignores the salesperson's advice on quality.
		An employee agrees with his boss' suggestions even though he believes his boss is wrong.
		An employee misinterprets a colleague's sincere compliment as mockery.

QUESTION 18

Which of the following statements is true of nonverbal communication?

		The increasing use of electronic communication has lessened the importance of nonverbal communication in today's organizations.
		When verbal and nonverbal messages are contradictory, receivers often give more weight to the nonverbal signals than to the words used.
		Nonverbal messages should be different from the verbal messages in order to increase the diversity and range of the overall communication.
		Nonverbal messages help simplify the dimensions of communication as they are nearly universal in meaning, in contrast to verbal communication.

QUESTION 19

______ systems are used to reflect changes in the internal or external environments of the firm

		strategic
		quality
		control
		implementation

QUESTION 20

_______ manufacturing systems attempt to capture both economies of scale and learning effect savings

		flexible
		effective
		innovative
		economic

QUESTION 21

Comparisons against standards may involve both subjective estimates and ________ observations

		frequent
		objective
		professional
		insightful

QUESTION 22

Which of the following is a disadvantage of informal communication channels in an organization?

		They carry only nonwork related information and are detrimental to organizational productivity.
		Some of the messages passed through them are inaccurate and focus only on negative information.
		Lateral communication is greatly hindered as messages are closely regulated by the organization.
		Informal communication channels are incompatible with advances in Internet and other modern communication technologies.

QUESTION 23

When used as an OD intervention technique, ________ improve understanding of and relationships with others in the organization.

		structural activities
		diagnostic activities
		process consultation activities
		individual enhancement activities

QUESTION 24

A firm that is good at organizational learning is said to be ________.

		emphasizing planned efforts focusing on people and their interrelationships in organizations
		using information technology to play a central role in the change effort
		redesigning a firm's processes to achieve dramatic improvements
		skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to accommodate changes.

QUESTION 25

________ are mostly charged with determining an organization's strategy.

		Top level managers
		Lower level managers
		Shareholders
		Human resource personnel

QUESTION 26

When the economy weakens, most companies consider adding new services or products.

True

False

QUESTION 27

The problem with instituting changes too frequently is that ________.

		employees may not get time to completely adjust to any one of them
		they can be difficult to coordinate across multiple levels in the organization
		they are not always in sync with the real problems faced by the organization
		benefits of the changes are not likely to outweigh the costs

QUESTION 28

Which of the following defines the breadth of reengineering?

		It involves redesigning a set of processes rather than a single process.
		It involves changing a host of core elements within an organization.
		It tries to reduce costs, shorten cycle times, and improve quality.
		It involves engaging in new and different ways of behaving and interacting.

QUESTION 29

________ is the tendency to oversimplify and generalize about groups of people, especially those groups or cultures other than one's own.

		Cognitive dissonance
		Stereotyping
		Locus of control
		Selective perception

QUESTION 30

Which of the following is a disadvantage of oral communication?

		subject to misinterpretation
		low flexibility
		easy to ignore
		does not command attention

QUESTION 31

Communication is the process of transferring information, meaning, and understanding from sender to receiver.

True

False

QUESTION 32

Which of the following is the best example of selective perception acting as a barrier to interpersonal communication?

		A subordinate employee does not make eye contact with his manager when speaking to him.
		A customer focuses only on the product's price and ignores the salesperson's advice on quality.
		An employee agrees with his boss' suggestions even though he believes his boss is wrong.
		An employee misinterprets a colleague's sincere compliment as mockery.

QUESTION 33

Which of the following barriers to communication originates at the interpersonal level?

		emotion
		stereotyping
		ethnocentrism
		cultural distance

QUESTION 34

Individuals in high-context cultures tend to pay little attention to the situational factors surrounding the communication process.

True

False

QUESTION 35

________ involves the use of computers to direct manufacturing processes.

		Computer-aided design
		Computer-aided engineering
		Computer-aided automation
		Computer-aided manufacturing

QUESTION 36

Which of the following is as costly as having excess unused inventory?

		not being able to reach products to customers when required
		holding parts in a static industry
		holding just enough inventory for adequate supply
		not having enough storage space for inventory

QUESTION 37

Retail managers can use ________ to determine which inventory items require the most attention.

		EOQ modeling
		CSI factoring
		ABC analysis
		LIFO analysis

QUESTION 38

Since the two major costs of a company, annual carrying costs and ________, vary inversely, there are always tradeoffs to make.

		overhead costs
		holding costs
		variable costs
		ordering costs

QUESTION 39

In a flexible manufacturing system, ________ is the overall system's ability to absorb large-scale changes in volume, capacity, or capabilities.

		station flexibility
		routing flexibility
		processing flexibility
		input-output flexibility

QUESTION 40

Which of the following is true of operations managers?

		Their objectives have no direct cost implications.
		They use a single technique to ensure timely delivery.
		They are in charge of product quantity not quality.
		They perform their duties while minimizing costs.

QUESTION 41

Our Chapter 14 lecture and Chapter Map suggested that ___________are perhaps the most challenging to sustain during strategy implementation.

		Strategic controls
		Budgetary controls
		Economic conditions
		Human resource controls

QUESTION 42

We concluded that a Key Chapter 14 TakeAway is the challenge of sustaining __________ during the implementation phase of strategic management in order to improve business performance.

		Financial controls
		Operational controls
		Tactical controls
		Inbound logistics controls

QUESTION 43

_________ forms the basis of many organizational control processes and was highlighted in our classroom lecture as a Key Chapter 13 TakeAway.

		Operations management
		Cost reduction
		Supply chain management
		Total quality management

QUESTION 44

A Key Chapter 12 TakeAway highlighted during class that describes the way we mostly use when selecting among alternatives is:

		Programmed
		Maximizing
		Satisficing
		Rationalizing

QUESTION 45

Our Chapter 11 class lecture contained an example communication within a large organization involving __________ to demonstrate the importance of organizational culture and the context of intra-company communication.

		Communication barriers
		Inter-department communications
		Channels of communications
		Directions of communication

QUESTION 46

As discussed in our lecture and highlighted on our Chapter 15 Map, __________ are perhaps the most difficult to forecast for corporations in some industry sectors.

		Economic conditions
		Technology developments
		Competitor actions
		Societal & demographic shifts

QUESTION 47

Our Chapter 15 class lecture emphasized the fundamental importance of __________ to the sustainability of successful corporate business performance.

		Developing the capacity to forecast change
		Responding to risk & uncertainty
		Organizational development
		Responding to the challenges of change

QUESTION 48

The decision making model diagram used in our Chapter 12 lecture that we intuitively use can be also be described as a:

		Rational model
		Perceptual model
		Problem-solution process
		Bounded rationality model

QUESTION 49

A Key Chapter 11 TakeAway on communication discussed during the class lecture emphasized the importance of _______.

		Noise impeding the message
		Interpretation of the message
		Active listening
		The media

QUESTION 50

The simply equation for _________ was presented in our Chapter 13 lecture and discussed as the key overall objective in operations management.

		Cost control
		Productivity
		Economic order quantity
		Capacity planning

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