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Homework answers / question archive / 1)Since 1970, marijuana has been officially classified in the United States as a controlled substance in the same category as __________
1)Since 1970, marijuana has been officially classified in the United States as a controlled substance in the same category as __________.
2. The potential for drug abuse in general presents a greater challenge for __________.
3. According to the text, drugs such as alcohol and nicotine are referred to as __________.
4.Signs of drug dependence include __________.
7 An over-the-counter (OTC) cold remedy taken for a cold would be classified as a(n) __________.
8 Cathy needs to stay awake to study for her psychology midterm, so she decides to take an amphetamine to keep from falling asleep. In this case, the drug had a(n) _____ use.
9 Dr. Smith recommends drinking four ounces of an alcoholic beverage per day to his patient. The use of alcohol in this case is best described as __________.
10 Alcohol and nicotine generally belong to a category of __________.
11 Instances in which a prescription or nonprescription drug is used in an inappropriate way are regarded as __________.
12 Which of the following is an example of drug misuse?
13 Instances of drug abuse involve __________.
14 Which of the following plants has (have) been sources of hallucinogenic effects?
15 Analogy: Willow bark is to senna as __________.
16 Which statement is NOT true?
17 The Ebers Papyrus contained __________.
18 Viking warriors known as berserkers displayed wild behavior due to ingestion of which psychoactive drug?
19 The toads that were often included in “witch’s brew” recipes __________.
20 Analogy: Edward Jenner is to Louis Pasteur as __________.
21 Patent medicines in the 1800s were purchased through __________.
22 Patent medicines in the nineteenth century contained __________.
23 The Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Temperance movement in general were dedicated to the prohibition of which psychoactive drug?
24 The Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution restricted which of the following psychoactive drugs?
25 The Prohibition era in U.S. history is associated with which prohibited drug?
26 The social problems associated with the Prohibition era have often been cited as an argument against __________.
27 Some molds and fungi have been sources of which class of drugs?
28 Chlorpromazine was an early __________.
29 Which decade is generally associated with the beginning of drug use among young, middle-class Americans?
30 Neuroscience research has focused upon which of the following aspects of the body?
31 The name for a branch of science joining the efforts of biochemists, pharmacologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists, among others, in order to study brain functioning is __________.
32 Neuroscience examines __________.
33 Since 1970, the U.S. government’s position on marijuana is that it has high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.
34 Anti-drug campaigns in the media are created to discourage young people from becoming involved with drugs in general.
35 Ecstasy has been a licit drug since 2001.
36 Alcohol has been an illicit drug since 1965.
37 Psychoactive drugs do not modify brain functioning once drug-taking behavior stops.
38 The legality of psychoactive drugs may depend on cultural and historical circumstances.
39 Only legal drugs have instrumental uses.
40 A flavonoid called naringenin, found in grapefruit, has a specific inhibitory effect on the secretion of hepatitis C virus from infected liver cells.
41 The active ingredient in turmeric, called curcumin, has a specific inhibitory effect on the secretion of hepatitis C virus from infected liver cells.
42 For a drug to have a recreational use, the user must take the drug for the purposes of acquiring the effect of the drug itself.
43 Drug misuse typically applies to the inappropriate use of prescription or nonprescription drugs.
44 The elderly are highly vulnerable to drug misuse.
45 Drug abuse can involve either licit or illicit substances.
46 Instrumental use is the primary motivation for drug abuse.
47 Willow bark is the source of present-day marijuana.
48 The senna plant has been successfully used for the treatment of constipation.
49 The Egyptian scroll referred to as the Ebers Papyrus was eventually proved to be a hoax.
50 Patient records indicate that the Ebers Papyrus had a surprisingly high success rate for healing patients.
51 Patent medicines refer to products that have been patented and distributed by pharmaceutical companies following a lengthy process of FDA approval.
52 Laudanum is a liquid form of nicotine used in the nineteenth century.
53 In the nineteenth century, it was common for infants and children in the United States and England to take opium.
54 The degree of social acceptance of opium in the nineteenth century was dependent on the manner in which opium was ingested.
55 Until 1903, the formula for Coca-Cola contained opium.
56 The era of Prohibition in the United States began when the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution took effect in 1920.
57 Chlorpromazine (brand name: Thorazine) is considered to be one of the original drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia.
58 Neuroscience, a new branch of biological science, came into being in the early 1940s during World War II.
59 Crack, a form of smokable cocaine, appeared on the scene in the mid-1980s.
60 The University of Michigan drug-use surveys make use of the responses of all high-school seniors in the United States.
61 One of the best known surveys that examines drug-taking patterns of young people annually since 1975has been conducted by the University of Minnesota.
62 The University of Michigan surveys have revealed that current levels of drug use among high school seniors are substantially higher than drug-use levels in the 1970s.
63 In 2009, 37percent of high school seniors reported use of an illicit drug during the past year.
64 Efforts to reduce underage drinking by enforcing restrictions of alcohol sales to minors have met with only partial success.
65 Non-college-bound seniors are about three times more likely than college-bound seniors to smoke at least a half pack of cigarettes per day.
66 In the 1990s, the University of Michigan surveys showed that high school seniors showed a decreasing trend in viewing regular drug use as dangerous.
67 The National Survey on Drug Use and Health examines the prevalence rates of illicit drug use among Americans in several age groups across the life span.
68 “To have a good time with my friends” is a frequent answer of high-school seniors when asked why they take drugs.
69 A member of a socially deviant subculture is quite often an accomplished student in school.
70 Understanding individuals’ risk factors and protective factors gives us some idea of which individuals are likely to use drugs and which are not.
71 The presence of protective factors can provide the basis for resilience toward drug use among high-risk adolescents.
72 Protective factors are the negation (or the inverted image) of risk factors.
73 Cocaine, heroin, and creatine are examples of “club drugs.”
74 Ketamine is not considered a “club drug.”
75 Club drugs include both stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine and hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD.
76 Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter cough and cold medications.
77 Nonmedical use of Adderall is of special interest because of its potential for dependence and abuse.
78 In the 1980s, cocaine was __________.
79 The most recent attitude toward drug-taking behavior considers __________.
80 According to the text, a recent study has found that __________.
81 The University of Michigan survey is based upon reports of drug-taking behavior among __________.
82 A major disadvantage of the University of Michigan survey is that __________.
83 Advantages of repeating the University of Michigan survey year after year include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
84 In 1979, about _____ of U. S. high school seniors had reported illicit drug use.
85 According to the University of Michigan survey, in 2009 about _____ of U. S. high school seniors had used an illicit drug during the previous year.
86 Illicit drug experimentation among high school seniors in 2009 has been reported to be __________.
Cocaine use during 2009 was reported by _________ of seniors.
87 Nonmedical use of inhalants has held steady at between _________ since 2001.
88 Compared to high school seniors, college students report a roughly equivalent annual prevalence rate in the use of illicit drugs in general, which is about ____________.
89 According to the 2009 University of Michigan survey, almost one-half of high school seniors reported having consumed ______ in the past month.
90 According to the University of Michigan survey, binge drinking is defined as consuming _____ or more alcoholic drinks in a row.
91 In 2009, high school seniors reported drinking an alcoholic beverage in the previous month at a prevalence rate that was approximately ______ the rate reported with respect to illicit drugs in the previous month.
92 According to the text, it is likely that the decline of alcohol consumption from the 1980s to the present among high school seniors can be attributed to __________.
93 The most frequently used drug on a daily basis by high school students is __________.
94 Alcohol use among _____ has declined to a lesser degree than alcohol use among high school seniors.
95 In comparison to rates of nicotine use among high school seniors in 1977, current usage rates among high school seniors are __________.
96 When compared to high school seniors, fewer college students smoke cigarettes. This statistic is due to __________.
97 Non-college-bound high-school seniors are ___ times more likely to smoke at least half a pack of cigarettes a day than college-bound high-school seniors.
98 Societal changes in the 1990s which the text cites as reasons why youngsters did not have a tendency to view regular drug use as dangerous include __________.
99 According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey, about _____ of adults aged 26 or older in 2009 have used an illicit drug within the previous year.
100 A major limitation in interpreting the University of Michigan survey of adults is that __________.
101 When asked about their motivation for drug use, high school seniors have frequently cited __________.
102 Vulnerability toward drug-taking behavior is shaped by which type(s) of factors in a person’s life?
103 Analogy: Risk factors are to protective factors as __________.
104 Which factor is considered a risk factor for drug use?
105 Generally speaking, as the number of risk factors ____, the likelihood of drug use ____.
106 The leading risk factor(s) for marijuana use include __________.
107 Which is NOT a protective factor for drug use?
108 Having six or more protective factors in one’s life __________.
109 According to a study cited in the text, as the number of protective factors _____, the resistance to drug use ______.
110 ________ refer to substances often ingested at all-night dance parties.
111 Which of the following is NOT considered a “club drug”?
112 Which of the following drugs is associated with a marked increase in body temperature?
113 Which of the following drugs produces increased alertness and energy?
114 Which of the following drugs (also known as the forget-me pill) is easily dissolved in beverages and is used to intoxicate or sedate individuals?
115 What is particularly dangerous about many club drugs?
116 In 2009, about ¬¬¬¬______ million young adults in the United States used prescription pain relievers on a recreational basis in the past year.
117 Individuals with attention deficit disorder (ADD) are treated with _______________.
118 In 2009, approximately _________ of high school seniors reported taking OTC cough and cold medications.
119 The alcohol content in some OTC cough and cold medications may be as high as ___________.
120 Dextromethorphan can be found in _______, and in high doses can increase the risk of brain damage, seizure, and death.