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1)In classical conditioning, what is paired with the US to produce learning?               Another word for “learning” is _____

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1)In classical conditioning, what is paired with the US to produce learning?

2. Another word for “learning” is _____.
3. A(n) _____ is an unlearned reaction evoked by a stimulus without any learning.
4. A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest is called _____.
5. A previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned response is now called a _____.
6. Which of the following develops during the course of conditioning, and is similar to the unconditioned response?
7. In the cardboard box conditioning example in the text, before conditioning, the box is the ____, the pizza is the _____, and the salivation is the ______.
8. In John Watson's demonstration of classical conditioning with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was _____.
9. A Vietnam veteran experiences an intense emotional reaction to a clap of thunder. His emotional response is an example of a _____.
10. A phobia is an exaggerated, irrational fear of an object or situation, which may sometimes be thought of as a(n) _____.
11. When companies use attractive models to sell products, the attractive model is known as the ____.
12. An example of _______________ would be when a baby is bitten by a dog and then is afraid of all small animals.
13. The occurrence of a learned response only to a specific stimulus, but not to other, similar stimuli is called stimulus _____.
14. An example of ___________ would be if you had been bitten by a German shepherd, which you now fear, but are not afraid of other types of dogs.
15. The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the CS is called _____.
16. Consequences are a critical element in _____ conditioning.
17. Which of the following is an example of Thorndike's law of effect?
18. _____ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur, whereas _____ decreases that likelihood.
19. Secondary reinforcers increase the probability of a response, and _____.
20. Adding a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.
21. The addition of a(n) _____ stimulus results in positive reinforcement; whereas the subtraction of a(n) _____ stimulus results in negative reinforcement.
22. Negative punishment _____ and negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood the response will continue.
23. When you add a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a response recurring, you are engaged in _____. If you subtract a stimulus with the same result, you are engaged in _____.
24. An example of ___________ would be if a child is given time-out away from toys and videos because she had a temper tantrum.
25. To be effective, punishment must be __________ and _________.
26. An example of ______________ would be a dean who is upset with her faculty member and so decides to show up 30 minutes late to observe the teacher's class presentation.
27. The BEST method parents can use to get their children to do their chores is to _____.
28. Continuous reinforcement occurs when _____.
29. When reinforcement follows a predetermined number of responses, it is a _____ schedule of reinforcement, compared to a _____ schedule in which reinforcement follows the first response after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.
30. The three steps in memory processing are _____.
31. The three storage systems included in the traditional memory model are _____.
32. ____________ is (are) characterized by information that lasts for a few seconds or less, a large but not unlimited storage capacity, and transmission of an accurate but not perfect “image.”
33. ____________ is why you can recall what someone said several seconds ago, even if you were absorbed in another task when they first said it.
34. Which of the following is TRUE regarding short-term memory?
35. The duration of short-term memory is _________.
36. Of the three memory stages, _____ has the greatest capacity and _____ has the longest duration.
37. What is the subsystem within long-term memory that consciously stores facts, information, and personal life experiences?
38. Implicit/nondeclarative memory can be learned _____.
39. Specific mnemonic strategies compiled from memory research include ________________.
40. The serial position effect suggests that people will remember _____ items better than _____ items on a list.