The Viola 1)The viola is mostly made out of wood.

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The Viola 1)The viola is mostly made out of wood

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The Viola

1)The viola is mostly made out of wood.

Composers use the violas to provide the solo support.
The viola experienced an improvement in its playing technique during the Baroque period of music.
Professional players prefer a bigger viola for deeper sound.

The Italian word violino means “small violin".
The smallest viola measures 12 inches.
The viola was once dreaded by composers because of its clumsy nature.
Music artists Mick Jagger and Jimi Hendrix have used the viola in their recordings.
The viola bow is slightly heavier and thicker than the cello bow.
As a member of the viol instrument family, the viola gets its name from the fact that it is an instrument played on the arm of the performer.
A technique called pizzicato and is used by all members of the stringed instrument family.
Béla Bartók wrote the most important concerto for the violoncello.
String makers were building violas and liras do braccio, with four strings since the 1500s.
The largest viola size is 18 1⁄2 inches, and is used by professional players.
In the orchestra, the role of the viola is to provide rhythmical precision to the string family.
The viola is considered to be the soprano voice of the string orchestra.
Originally, the viola was known by the Italian name, violin da braccio.
At the turn of the 20th century, the viola received a prominent role from composers.
The instrument playing technique in the 1700s was not well developed because of the size of the instrument.
The tenor viol was difficult to play because it was too little.
Pinchas Zukerman is an Israeli violist admired for his expressive phrasing and brilliant technique.
A viola sonata is a composition that features the viola as a solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment.
Gasparo da Salo was an French luthier credited with developing the shape of the viola.
In the popular music world, the viola has enjoyed some notoriety.

The Violin

The violin comes in only one size for all different age groups.
In most symphony orchestras, there are about 32 violinists.
Sources claim that the word violin means small viola.
Plucking the strings to produce sounds is called pizzicato
The violin is mostly played using the bow.

Because of its melodic character, the violin is considered to be the voice of the string orchestra.
In essence, the modern violin is one of the oldest stringed instruments.
The development of the modern violin branches out from early types of instruments available in Europe during the Middle Ages.
The second violin part could also be compared to the first soprano part in the chorus.
Existing Romantic instruments hint at the current look of the modern violin.
Some historians suggest that the origins of stringed instruments can be traced back to Egypt many centuries before it even appeared in Europe.
The violin is mostly made out of rosin.
Pizzicato is used only by the violins.
The violin is capable of playing more than one note at a time.
Antonio Stradivarius is a famous Italian luthier

The fiddle was a stringed instrument used throughout the 14th century to accompany singing and dancing.
Itzhak Perlman is the most famous violist in the history of music.
In classical music, the violin is used frequently as a member of the symphony orchestra.
Along with the piano and the voice, the violin is one of the instruments with the most extensive concert repertoire.
A player can produce double stops when four notes are played simultaneously.

The Violoncello

Within the symphony orchestra, the cello makes soft and luscious sounds.
The term violoncello, of Italian origin, means Great Violin.
The cello endpin comes out of the bottom of the instrument.
The principal cellist is responsible for marking the conductor’s indications for the cello section.
The soprano viol and the viol da gamba helped the development of the violoncello.
A string quartet is formed by 2 violins, 1 viola and 1 cello.
The violoncello is part of the rhythm section of the strings.
Antonin Dvorak was a Czech cellist.
The cello is considered to be the tenor voice of the string orchestra.
Before using the term violoncello, composers referred to this instrument as the bas.
The cello provides melodic support to the orchestra.
Two close relatives of the modern day cello, were the Viola de Gamba and the Basso di Viola.
Composers prefer to use the violoncello to play melodies in the symphony orchestra.
Cellos have a very harsh sound which contributes to the orchestra's bass line.
Composers occasionally use the cello to play the melody in a symphony orchestra.
The early violoncello was member of the viol instrument family.
Yo-Yo Ma is considered today’s premier performer of the cello.
The Basso di Viola was part of the string quartets of the 17th century in Italy.
The cello has a different sound due to the player’s size.
Domenico Montagnana is considered one of the foremost cello soloist in history.
The cello and double bass sections are referred as the bass clef section of the orchestra.
However, a string quintet can also include the bassoon as an additional member.
The cello is tuned an octave lower than a viola.
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The violoncello is commonly just referred to as cielo.
The cello can also be a part of a brass quartet.

Double Bass

The prefix double means that the instrument sounds an octave lower than it is written.
According Lawrence Hurst, early double bass makers wanted to build an instrument similar to the viola.
There are two different types of bow styles:The Italian style and the German bow.
The double bass is the “grandfather” of the strings due to its size.
The double bass is the only member of the string family that is tuned in fourths.
The double bass provides rhythmic support to the string orchestra.
The double bass is also known as the contrabass.

The double bass is the newest member of the string family.
When it is used in popular music, the player produces sound by plucking the strings.
Michael Praetorius, a 17th century composer, drew sketches of a rather large instrument known as violon da gamba.
Violoncellos are tuned in fourths.
Depending on the performer's skill, one can play the double bass up to the viola register.
The double bass is not the lowest sounding instrument of the string family.
A person who plays the double bass is called a contrabandist.
The orchestral playing range is about two octaves and one half.
The characteristic bass sound provides a solid foundation for melodic instruments.
The modern double bass player is able to play melodies.
Carlo Antonio Testore is considered among the most recognized soloist of the double bass.
Giovanni Bottesini was a famous double bass maker of the double bass.
The double bass cannot be played standing up.
Generally, composers use the bass because of its typical bright and dark sound.
The double bass uses a bow to produce sound.
Gary Karr is considered the world’s leading double bass soloist.
The technique for playing the bass has evolved greatly since the early part of the 21th century.
Originally, the violoncello was the violon of the strings.

Trumpet

The most famous trumpet ancestor is the Sofar.
Today, trumpets are mostly made of brass.
Claude Monette is recognized for making state of the art trumpets.
Egyptians used trumpet-like instruments to announce war or an important event.
Early trumpet-like instruments were mostly used for dancing.
The technique for playing the trumpet peaked during the Classical period.
Ludwig Guttler has become one of the most sought after tuba soloists in the world.
The natural trumpet dominated the 12th and 13th century.
The Shofar is made from the horn of the ram and used in Jewish religious services.
A change in style means that a player has to adjust the position of the lips to change the idiomatic sound of the instrument.
With improved technique, more trumpeters were hired to play fanfares and songs.
Adolph Herseth is widely regarded as the greatest orchestral trumpeters in history.
Sometimes the player must use additional equipment such as rags to alter the sound color of the instrument.
Historically, trumpets have been made out of brass.
The modern trumpet came into being in the 1700s.
With the invention of valves, players lost control of the air column that went through the instrument.
The history of the trumpet can be traced back to when people used bones to amplify their voices.
The resulting length of air column was dependent on the valve or combination of valves that the player pressed.
The term trompette is of Middle Eastern origin.
In Italy, the term tromba is used to refer to the trumpet.
A trumpeter is not able to change musical styles quite often.

French Horn

In the mid 1700s it was discovered that by placing one’s right hand inside the bell, the player could play 12 more notes.
The French horn gets its name from a type of hunting horn used in France during the late 1500s.
Josef Monke is best known today as a maker of first-class English horns.
Eventually rubber became the preferred materials used to make horns.
The French horn in F, which plays bad in the low and middle registers.
Dennis Brain was responsible for popularizing the horn as an orchestral classical instrument.
If uncoiled, the French horn would be about 17 feet long!
The playing range of the double French horn is about four octaves.
The French horn is a member of both the brass quintet and the woodwind quintet.
Historically, French horns have been made from bones, wood, and metal.
Today’s modern rotary valves allow the horn to have a limited range of notes and colors.
The Scandinavian lur was made of bronze and made a loud shrieking sound.
Today, French horns are mostly made of bones.
Horns are not part of the standard orchestra.
A typical band or wind ensemble will have at least twelve French horns.
The cor de chasse and trompe de chasse are also ancestors of the trumpet.
When the French horn plays with brass instruments, then it is played very softly to match the texture.
A small orchestra will have two French horns.
Ludwig Güttler is one of the most successful horn virtuosos of our time.
The modern horn was developed during the Baroque period of music (1600-1750).
The French horn in B flat, which plays well in both the high register and the middle register.

Trombone

Trombone notes are produced by changing mouthpiece.
The trombone is an Italian word that means small trumpet.
There are two kinds: the tenor trombone and the bass trombone.
Early trombone makers attempted to add valves to the trombone.
During the 16th century, the trombone was mostly used in Church music.
The sackbut was developed during the 15th century and it was not the first brass instrument able to play music chromatically.
Many of the best known composers have written significant parts for the trombone.
When the trombonist moves the slide up and down he creates a musical effect called glissando.
The trombone consists of a cylindrical tube bent into an elongated "S" shape.

During the 15th century, the sackbut was commonly performed at outdoor gatherings during Renaissance period.
The sackbut was an early ancestor of the trombone.
In the past, the trombone was used to represent the supernatural or the dead by composers such as Mozart.
Trombones are called aerophones because they produce sounds by blowing air into a pipe.
Christian Lindberg is considered a world famous virtuoso of the trumpet.
The sackbut was used extensively in church music and therefore, was regarded as a sacred instrument.
Trombones are mostly made of wood and can either be lacquered or plated with silver or nickel.
The sackbut sounds softer than the trombone and has a characteristic brass sound quality.
The trombone and all the other brass instruments are classified as smartphones.
The use of the trombone in the concert hall remained rare until the 18th century.
Ludwig van Beethoven used the trombone extensively in most of his symphonies.

In the 20th century, the trombone found an important place within the string orchestra.
A slide was added to the trombone during the late part of the Baroque period (1400-1650).
The Edwards Company builds state of the art bassoons for professional artists.
The sackbut is different from the modern day trombone because of its smaller size.

Tuba

The word tuba stems from an English term that means "straight bronze war trumpet,"
The Ophicleide was invented in 1816.
Adolphe Sax is credited with improving the design of the modern tuba in the late 1700s.
The tuba notes are produced by changing the length of the mouthpiece.
Arnold Jacobs was considered one of the foremost tuba orchestral performers of his time.
A tuba player should march when playing the tuba.
Roger Bobo is a noted American tuba virtuoso and teacher.
The precursor to the modern tuba was the ophicleide.
The tuba is not a regular member of any brass ensemble and many popular music bands.
The tuba has approx. 14 feet of tubing wrapped around its body.
The tuba replaced the Ophicleide in the 18th century.
The tuba is capable of rhythmic support to the brass family.
The early tuba was made out of brass.
When tuba valves are pressed, the air column is shortened, resulting in lower notes.
One change the length of the tubing through the use of valves.
The tuba is not the lowest sounding instrument in the entire symphony orchestra.
It is common for the tuba to reinforce the sounds of the brass, woodwind and string sections.
The modern tuba has five or six valves.
Generally, symphony orchestras have four tubists in the brass section.
Tubas are generally finished in raw brass, lacquered brass, or silver-plated brass.
To play the tuba it is essential to take full breaths without tension in the shoulders or the face.
Occasionally, two tubists play in the orchestra of the Romantic period of music.
The tuba is the lowest sounding instrument of the brass family.
19th and 20th century composers occasionally had not used the tuba as a solo instrument.
The Serpent was a brass-type instrument from the end of the eighteenth century.
The evolution of the tuba begins with the Ophicleide after the 19th century.

Tubas have been used in jazz and Dixieland since their early beginnings.
A tuba player is also required to train his or her muscles to build muscle.
An attempt to make a low sounding brass instrument was made during the Middle Ages.
The Meinl Weston tuba is considered the second best crafted tuba in the market today.

Flute

Sir James Galway is regarded as both an interpreter of the classical flute but not a very good entertainer.
The two main flute groups are: the recorder family and the transverse family.
Flutter tonguing is another special technique that is produced by rolling the back of the tongue.
Out of all the woodwind instruments, the flute does require the use of a reed.
Historians estimate that flute-like instruments go as far back as the 1st century B.C.
Boehm’s key system allowed flute players to play difficult passages with ease.
Miyazawa flutes are state of the art flutes.
The panpipes are flute-like instruments used by many native tribes around the world for entertainment.
Nickel, or sometimes even gold, is also used to make flutes.
The flute is the oldest woodwind instrument.
Contemporary flute soloists enjoy a small repertoire of solo pieces that have been written by many prominent composers.
Circular Breathing requires a performer to hold the sound of the flute indefinitely with no breathing interruptions.
The modern mechanism of the flute was invented by Gerry Boehm.
One possible meaning of the word Flute stems from the word flare, which means to flow.
The piccolo flute is shorter than the flute and sounds much higher.
The mouthpiece hole is where the player blows air to produce noise.
The oldest member of the woodwind family is the bassoon.
Boehm lived in Munich from 1794 to 1894.
The flute has a smaller version called the piccolo flute, which plays an octave lower.
Today, the recorder flute is commonly taught in elementary schools.

Oboe

Heinz 57 is considered one of the world's most celebrated oboists.
Multiphonics produce no new sonic alternatives for the oboe.
Oboe concerti are pieces that feature the oboe as a soloist with piano accompaniment.
There are several fingering positions that produce multiphonics on the oboe.
The oboe keys are mostly silver plated.
Most of the oboe’s history is represented in paintings and drawings of ancient civilizations.
The shawm is the closest relative of the oboe.
The oboe comes from the shawm instrument family.
The oboe is known as a single reed instrument.
Their oboe design became the quintessential model used at the Paris Music Conservatory.
The shawm instrument family divided into the shawmbois and shawmtois.
Multiphonics are not considered an extended playing technique.
Along with the recorder flute, the oboe is one the oldest woodwind instruments.
Each part of the oboe fits inside a wallet.
The oboe gained its place in the orchestra by the early part of the 18th century.
The oboe is about the same length as the flute; about 24 inches.
The aulos is the earliest reference to single reed instruments and bagpipes.
The word oboe comes from the French hautbois which means low pitched woodwind instrument.
Some rock musical genres feature the sound of the oboe.
This double reed is made of three pieces of cane.
The oboe inner tube is covered with cork to avoid air leakage.
The technique for playing the oboe requires great breathing control.
The oboe has three important sections: the upper joint, the lower joint, and the bell.
The reed of the oboe is made out of two pieces of very thick cane.
The oboe is capable of playing a range of six octaves.

English Horn

The English horn gained a prominent position within the orchestral music repertoire.
Johann Sebastian Bach may have been the first composer to use an English horn in his music.
The English horn is also tuned a fifth higher than the oboe.
There is only one interpretation for the origin of the English horn’s name.
The English horn is capable of producing uneven sounds than its native tones and semitones.
The repertoire for the English horn is as extensive as the oboe.
The actual English horn did not appear until the middle of the 1700s.
The English horn belongs to the oboe family.
The English horn is of English origin.
There are quite a few solos written for the English horn within the orchestral repertoire.
The metal crook on top of the English horn is straight.
During the Classical period of music, composers introduced the English horn to their musical compositions.
The English horn is not of English descent.
This instrument is linked to Italian opera of the 17th century.
The body of the English horn can be made of ebony wood.
The English horn is 32 inches long.
The English horn is a melodic instrument designed to play tones and semitones.
This metal crook is where the player inserts the double reed to produce the sound on the English horn.
The oboe da caccia is a baroque instrument that predates the English horn.
The English horn is shaped like the oboe, but it has an apple-like shape bell.
The English horn keys are mostly gold plated.
The reed of the English horn is made of two very thick pieces of cane.
The English horn is an instrument that is usually played by an oboist.
The English horn is commonly used by movie music composers to complement a dark, sinister scene.
Luigi Bulgerhoni is a famous maker of professional grade French horns.

Clarinet

Mozart’s clarinet concerto is one of the most beautiful pieces written for the clarinet.
Student clarinet models use less sonorous materials such as artificial aluminum.
Grenadilla wood gives the clarinet its characteristic mellow sound.
It is common to have clarinet keys made from rubber.
The keys for the clarinet are usually silver plated.
The origin of the word clarinet comes from the French word clarinette.
The Egyptians used clarinet-like instruments for ceremonies as early as 3000 B.C.
The chalumeau appeared during the 1200s.
The chalumeau is considered to be the first single reed instrument that resembled the modern day clarinet.
The clarinet notes are controlled by a system of keys that is detached to the body.
Johann Cristoph Denner is credited with the development of the modern clarinet.
Cork pads soften the sound made by the movement of the clarinet keys.
The clarinet is a versatile instrument that can be featured in classical and popular styles.
The finest clarinets use pure silver keys and sometimes gold plated keys.
The clarinet was one of Mozart’s most despised instruments.
There are painting references to single reed instruments used during the Renaissance for dance purposes.
Wet black wood is preferred over other types of wood to build a clarinet.

Bassoons

The use of the dulcian decreased as composers used it in many of their compositions.
The role of the bassoon is to provide a rhythmic foundation for the whole symphony orchestra.
One who plays the bassoon is called a buffoonish.
The bassoon experienced major changes made during the 19th century by French makers.
Adam and Eve were the creator of a new mechanism known as the Heckel system.
A symphony orchestra uses two bassoonists as regular members of the orchestra.
The bassoon is occasionally performed in the symphonic jazz genre.
Modern bassoons are usually made of maple syrup.
Double reed instruments have been present since ancient times.
Maple wood bassoons produce the best and most professional sound.
The bassoon was probably developed during the 17th century.
The dulcian was an instrument that shared no similarities with the modern bassoon.
The Heckel company is one of the newest bassoon workshops.
Judith Leclair premiered the John Williams Bassoon concerto in 1995.
The name bassoon comes from the French buffon with means grand bass sound.
In the 19th century, the bassoon went through several changes that allowed players to be more in tune.
The bassoon is a double reed instrument that has a 9-foot-long air column.

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