a.

New England.

b.

the Middle Colonies.

c.

the Chesapeake region.

d.

the Caribbean.

a.

diversified into other crops.

b.

moved to the West Indies.

c.

started growing sugar.

d.

Parliament to raise tariffs on tobacco from the Mediterranean.

a.

agriculture.

b.

rum and fish.

c.

textile manufacturing.

d.

the carrying trade.

a.

growing English influence on America.

b.

shift from the Puritan culture of the village to a secular culture.

c.

influx of New Yorkers into the backcountry.

d.

migration of northerners into the southern regions.

a.

children would inherit the status of their mothers.

b.

Africans could only be freed if they converted to Christianity.

c.

free whites harboring runaways must send them back.

d.

all black people were slaves.

a.

younger sons left their families behind to seek their fortunes further west.

b.

they began to invest in the carrying trade and banking houses of new England's urban centers.

c.

rivalries between sons over the limited resources turned increasingly fierce.

d.

the bolder sons ventured south to try their hand on tobacco and sugar plantations.

a.

The oppressive nature of slavery made it impossible for African Americans to have any meaningful cultural lives.

b.

Since Africans spoke the same languages, it was a relatively simple process to transplant African culture in America.

c.

Africans wove together African and European traditions to create a distinctive culture.

d.

Africans created a culture by imitating the whites around them.

a.

the lives of slaves in the Lower South were much more tightly controlled.

b.

slaves in the Lower South worked on a task basis rather than in gang labor.

c.

the relative lack of slaves in the Lower South made their presence less threatening to whites.

d.

slaves in the Lower South had fewer chances to control the pace of their work.

a.

their large estates.

b.

a dynamic urban life.

c.

the cultivation of wheat.

d.

their comfortable farmhouses.

a.

5,000

b.

20,000

c.

40,000

d.

100,000

a.

allowed small farmers to compete with farms in the South.

b.

was most commonly used in the cities.

c.

became illegal in the early 1700s.

d.

provided labor for the manufacturing and service industries that dominated the economy.

a.

was confined to southern plantations.

b.

was far more frequent in the United States than in other slaveholding societies.

c.

always involved whites attacking African Americans.

d.

could be found in northern cities as well as in the rural South.

a.

an Irish gang in the slums of Philadelphia.

b.

a militia organization in Western New York.

c.

a vigilante group of Scots-Irish settlers killing Conestoga Indians in retaliation for Indian raids.

d.

a group of German missionaries determined to convert the tribes of Western Pennsylvania.

a.

Availability of cheap land

b.

Opportunity to practice a trade

c.

The well-defined social structure in the colonies

d.

Greater religious freedom

a.

was a successful attempt to reduce the political power of the Penn family.

b.

was an unsuccessful revolt of slaves in South Carolina.

c.

forced the British army from the South.

d.

resulted in a French and Indian alliance.

a.

religion.

b.

the aggressive Indian policies of most colonial governments.

c.

laws fixing rent limits.

d.

political power.

a.

royal customs officials.

b.

local city officials.

c.

vigilante groups punishing backcountry outlaws.

d.

middlemen in colonial markets.

a.

God created the universe but took no role in its operation.

b.

religious belief was only valid if it could be scientifically confirmed.

c.

religious teachings should be the foundation of the legal system.

d.

the mysteries of God should be celebrated, rather than analyzed.

a.

human beings are naturally selfish and cruel.

b.

people make a social contract with the state to follow its laws in return for protection of their natural rights.

c.

people should accept traditional religious authorities.

d.

lower classes need to obey their social superiors.

a.

produced more witch trials.

b.

increased strife and tension among the colonists.

c.

defied the Crown's authority.

d.

reinforced the Crown's authority.

a.

a tightening of trade regulations.

b.

stopping the flow of raw materials to Britain.

c.

relaxed enforcement of most colonial trade regulations.

d.

a more sophisticated system of tax collection.

a.

every mainland colony boasted a representative assembly.

b.

the crown had dissolved all but two colonial assemblies.

c.

colonists had mostly given up on the prospect of representative assemblies.

d.

governors had lost their importance in colonial government.

a.

veto central government policy.

b.

raise taxes.

c.

muster armies.

d.

execute imperial policy.

a.

was vested in the royal governor.

b.

was divided between the King and Parliament.

c.

belonged exclusively to Parliament.

d.

belonged exclusively to the local assemblies.

a.

religious disputes among the colonists.

b.

battles between rich and poor colonists.

c.

Indian attacks on colonial settlements.

d.

rivalries among the French, Spanish, and English.

a.

They all were American versions of European wars.

b.

England fought without Indian support.

c.

Americans were largely bystanders.

d.

The British lost territory in each of them.

a.

the French could drive out the English colonists by forming stronger Indian alliances.

b.

the colonists needed to unify and cooperate in times of crisis.

c.

the French positions in Canada would always be a threat to the colonies.

d.

the colonists needed English military and naval power to hold out against France.

a.

it offered the chance to drive the French out of the fur trade.

b.

they hoped to gain access to fishing grounds off Newfoundland.

c.

Britain promised to allow the colonies to keep all the territory they seized.

d.

they considered it a clash between Protestantism and Catholicism.

a.

English settlers began moving into the neutral zone between the French empire and the British settlements.

b.

The French launched an unprovoked attack on a series of outposts in Maine.

c.

The British stopped trading with the Iroquois in favor of the Hurons.

d.

The French demanded that the English abandon their forts in the Ohio River Valley.

a.

advocated close cooperation between Iroquois and Huron Indians.

b.

created a unified American military force.

c.

failed to bring the colonies together.

d.

was an unsuccessful attempt to get the British and French to put aside their differences.

a.

military disaster in Quebec.

b.

the loss of the Ohio Valley to the French.

c.

the largest war expenditures the British treasury ever had committed to.

d.

the defeat of the Spanish fleet.

a.

She failed in her efforts to diversify her plantation's crops.

b.

She succeeded in running a profitable plantation.

c.

She was hindered by her father's lack of confidence in her.

d.

She had to give up her duties as a society woman to manage her plantation.