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Homework answers / question archive / Package Title: Testbank Course Title: Real World Psychology Chapter Number: Chapter 03     Question Type: Multiple Choice     1)  According to your text, stress is defined as _______

Package Title: Testbank Course Title: Real World Psychology Chapter Number: Chapter 03     Question Type: Multiple Choice     1)  According to your text, stress is defined as _______

Psychology

Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: Real World Psychology

Chapter Number: Chapter 03

 

 

Question Type: Multiple Choice

 

 

1)  According to your text, stress is defined as _______.

 

a) environmental factors that result in anxiety

b) the physiological reaction of the body to environmental factors

c) a negative emotion resulting from environmental unpleasantness

d) the interpretation of specific events as threatening or challenging

 

 

 

2) A stressor is defined as _______.

 

a) a trigger that causes a stressful reaction

b) the physiological reaction of the body to environmental factors

c) a negative emotion resulting from environmental unpleasantness

d) the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it

 

 

 

3) What is the physical and mental arousal to situations that we perceive as threatening or challenging?

a) distress

b) eustress

c) stress

d) frustration

 

 

 

4) Which of the following is a stressor?

 

a) sleeping

b) petting your dog

c) reading a book

d) winning the lottery

 

 

 

5) After a minor car accident, you experience sweaty palms, rapid breathing, and a racing heart. In this situation, _____ is the stressor, and _____ is the stress.

 

a) your racing heart; the accident

b) the accident; your physical reaction

c) your sweaty palms; your rapid breathing

d) the accident; the accident

 

 

 

6) As you approach an attractive woman whom you’d like to meet, your heart starts racing and your pupils dilate. In this situation, _____ is (are) the stressor, and _____ is (are) the stress.

 

a) you; your attraction to the woman

b) approaching the attractive woman; your racing heart and dilated pupils

c) your racing heart and dilated pupils; the attractive woman

d) wanting to meet the woman; the attractive woman

 

 

7) The resulting physical and psychological reactions to stressors are known as ______.

a) distress

b) the stress response

c) the social readjustment rating scale

d) frustration

 

 

 

8) According to your text, which of the following is one of the major causes of stress?

 

a) life changes

b) daily routines

c)  buying a new car

d)  meditation

 

 

 

9) The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) constructed by Holmes and Rahe measures the stress in a person's life on the basis of _____.

 

a) life changes

b) stress tolerance

c) daily hassles

d) the balance between eustress and distress

 

 

 

10) Which of the following statements is true about (SRRS) scores?

 

a) High scores cause an increase in illness.

b) They are correlated with illness.

c) Illness causes high scores.

d) Scores of 150–199 are associated with an 80% chance of illness.

 

 

 

11) The event on the SRRS that is associated with the greatest number of life change units is ___________.

 

a) divorce

b) death of a spouse

c) jail term

d) death of a close family member

 

 

 

12) Based on the SRRS, a stressful occurrence that occurs suddenly, and generally affects many people simultaneously is considered a ___________.

 

a) cataclysmic event

b) hassle

c) chronic stressor

d) life change

 

 

 

 

13) Based on  the SRRS, a terrorist attack, or single events like a death, or a birth are classified as ___________.

 

a) cataclysmic events

b) hassles

c) chronic stressors

d) eustress

 

 

 

14) Based on the SRRS, prolonged poor working conditions or a bad marriage are classified as ___________.

 

a) cataclysmic events

b) hassles

c) chronic stressors

d) eustress

 

 

 

15) _____ is one of the largest sources of chronic stress for adults.

 

 

a) Birth stress

b) Job stress

c) Holiday stress

d) Moving stress

 

 

 

16) Which of the following persons is most likely to experience chronic stress?

 

a) Zachary whose father died of a heart attack three weeks ago.

b) Junko who has been in labor for 10 hours so far.

c) Wen-Ho who is stuck on a Los Angeles freeway at rush hour.

d) Paulette who is shy and attending a new high school.

 

 

 

17) The most stressful jobs are those that make great demands on performance, but allow little _______________.

 

a) control

b) opportunity for advancement

c) personal choice

d) freedom

 

 

 

18) A negative emotional state caused by having to choose between two or more incompatible goals or impulses is called _____.

 

a) frustration

b) conflict

c) stress

d) hostility

 

 

 

19) In an approach–approach conflict, a person must choose between two or more goals that will lead to _____.

 

a) less conflict

b) frustration

c) a desirable result

d) effective coping

 

 

 

20) In an avoidance–avoidance conflict, a person must choose between two or more goals that will lead to _____.

 

a) more conflict

b) hostility

c) an undesirable result

d) ineffective coping

 

 

 

21) In an _____ conflict, a person must choose between two or more alternatives that each have both desirable and undesirable results.

 

a) approach–approach

b) avoidance–avoidance

c) approach–avoidance

d) acceptance–avoidance

 

 

 

22) Which of the following is an approach–avoidant conflict?

 

a) Choice A ? positive result; Choice B ? positive result

b) Choice A ? positive result; Choice B ? negative result

c) Choice A ? negative result; Choice B ? negative result

d) Choice A or B ? positive and negative result

 

 

 

23) A student must choose between wanting to study to pass a test and wanting to go out with her friends. This is an example of an _____ conflict.

 

a) approach–approach

b) avoidance–avoidance

c) approach–avoidance

d) acceptance–approach

 

 

 

24) Wanting to eat a piece of chocolate cake but not wanting to grain weight is an example of an ______________ type of conflict?

 

a) approach–approach

b) avoidance–avoidance

c) approach–avoidance

d) acceptance–approach

 

 

 

25) Three-year-old Cory wants to stay up, rather than going to bed.  However, he has to decide whether he will go to bed now, or in five minutes.  This is an example of _____ conflict.

a) an approach-approach

b) an avoidance-avoidance

c) an approach-avoidance

d) an acceptance-approach

 

 

 

26) The most difficult conflict to resolve is usually the _____ conflict.

 

a) avoidance–avoidance

b) approach–approach

c) approach–avoidance

d) acceptance-approach

 

 

 

27) The least difficult conflict to resolve is usually the _________ conflict.

 

a) avoidance–avoidance

b) approach–approach

c) approach–avoidance

d) acceptance–approach

 

 

 

28) Which of the following best describes the  small problems of daily living that accumulate and sometimes become a major source of stress?

 

a) hassles

b) stressors

c) chronic stressors

d) frustrations

 

 

 

29) Moving to a new city is considered a _____, whereas filling out change of address cards for all of your subscriptions and creditors is considered a _____.

 

a) distressor; eustressor

b) stressor; frustrator

c) life change; hassle

d) hassle; life change

 

 

 

30) An idealistic person who is exposed to chronic stress in an emotionally draining job, such as an air traffic controller, is likely to experience _____________ as a result of this situation.

 

a) burnout

b) frustration

c) technostress

d) work hassles

 

 

 

31) Which of the following best describes Lei-Lei who is in a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion  due to being the sole caretaker for her chronically ill ninety-year-old mother in their home for five years?

 

a) primary conflict

b) technostress

c) burnout

d) secondary conflict

 

 

 

32) Which person is least likely to experience burnout?

 

a) A doctor

b) A firefighter

c) A police officer

d) A fitness instructor

 

 

 

33) People who think of their professions as a “calling”, such as nurses, _________.

 

a) rarely experience burnout due to their idealism

b) may experience burnout, but do so significantly less often than police officers

c) are not vulnerable to burnout

d) may burnout due to becoming emotionally drained

 

 

 

34) According to your text, many researchers believe that _______ contribute(s) more to people's stress levels than ____________.

 

a) major life events; hassles

b) hassles; major life events.

c) a minor violation of law; divorce

d) vacation; financial problems

 

 

 

35) Which of the following best describes Maya who is tense and anxious as a result of being told by her supervisor that she cannot proceed with developing an internship program in her department? a) Frustration

b) Hostility

c) Conflict

d) Anger

 

 

 

36) Wanting to make his mother's favorite dish, Tom lacks an essential ingredient. After asking several neighbors and looking for it at several stores without any success, _____________ is the negative emotion he begins to experience.

 

a) an avoidance–avoidance conflict

b) the failure syndrome

c) frustration

d) stress-induced anger

 

 

 

37) The degree of frustration you feel is related to _____.

 

a) the number of stressors in your life

b) your level of motivation to achieve a blocked goal

c) the ratio of intrinsic to extrinsic motivators in the situation

d) your innate frustration threshold

 

 

 

38) An elevator got stuck between floors and kept its occupants trapped for hours.  Which of the occupants was likely to experience the most frustration?

 

a) The child who was late for school.

b) The husband who was late for breakfast with his mother-in-law.

c) The woman who was late for her job interview.

d) The man who was late for root canal work at his dentist's office.

 

 

 

39) A physiological alarm reaction, followed by resistance, and ending with exhaustion is known as _____.

 

a) the fight–or–flight response

b) the general adaptation syndrome

c) an approach–avoidance conflict

d) the aggression–frustration–surrender sequence

 

 

 

40) In Selye's general adaptation syndrome theory of stress, the initial response of the autonomic nervous system to a stressor occurs in the _____ phase.

 

a) resistance

b) primary response

c) global responsiveness

d) alarm

 

 

 

41) During the _____ phase of Selye's theory of stress, considerable energy is expended to adapt to the stressor.

 

a) secondary response

b) accelerated responsiveness

c) resistance

d)  alarm

 

 

 

42) After exposure to a severe and prolonged stressor, illness and death may occur in the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

 

a) resistance

b) stagnation

c) alarm

d) exhaustion

 

 

 

43) What stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) corresponds to the sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) system?

 

a) alarm

b) resistance

c) exhaustion

d) terminal

 

 

 

44) Thad was recently laid off. His bills are piling up, he hasn't found a new job yet, and his wife is pregnant. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is he most likely experiencing?

 

a) resistance

b) alarm

c) exhaustion

d) burnout

 

 

 

45) Which phase of the GAS is John experiencing, if he realized that he is totally unprepared as he takes his first major exam?

 

a) resistance

b) alarm

c) exhaustion

d) adaptation

 

 

 

46) The “fight-or-flight” response is triggered by the _____ .

 

a) sympathetic nervous system

b)  respiratory system

c)  adrenal system

d) parasympathetic nervous system

 

 

 

47) Since the sympathetic nervous system acts quickly in response to a stressor, but is soon overridden by the parasympathetic nervous system, the primary system that best deals with chronic stresses is  ______.

 

a) epinephrine

b) norepinephrine

c) HPA axis

d) EPA axis

 

 

 

48) The body’s immediate fight-or-flight response is facilitated by the _______ system(s).

a) SAM

b) HPA-axis

c) EPA-axis

d) SSRS

 

 

 

49) The body’s delayed stress response is facilitated by the _______ system(s).

 

a) SAM

b) HPA-axis

c) EPA-axis

d) SSRS

 

 

 

50) What part of the brain initially activates the SAM system and the HPA axis?

 

a) hippocampus

b) thalamus

c) hypothalamus

d) amygdala

 

 

 

51) Which of the following is a key element of the HPA axis, and plays a critical role in the long-term effects of stress?

 

a) epinephrine

b) norepinephrine

c) insulin

d) cortisol

 

 

 

52) The release of cortisol during the fight-or-flight response occurs at the end of the _____ pathway.

 

a) pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex

b) pituitary, adrenal cortex, hypothalamus

c) hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex

d) adrenal cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary

 

 

 

53) Norepinephrine and epinephrine are released by the ____________.

 

a) adrenal medulla

b) HPA axis

c) adrenal cortex

d) cerebral cortex

 

 

 

54) The body’s state of normal, baseline functioning is called ______.           

 

a) corporeal equilibrium

b) corporeal stability

c) pathostability

d) homeostasis

 

 

 

55) Nathan is stressed since his girlfriend Vika was hospitalized after a car accident. Nathan is can’t remember what Vika asked him to bring to the hospital, and he has difficulty processing what Vika’s doctor has said. It is hard for him to retrieve existing memories, This is an example of ______________.

 

a) prolonged stress

b) affective stress disorder

c) short-term stress

d) acute stress

 

 

 

56) Suddenly forgetting important information during a big exam may be explained as the effect of ______.

 

a) prolonged stress

b) affective stress disorder

c) short-term stress

d) an overwhelming sense of time urgency

 

 

 

57) _____ is the interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of psychological factors on the immune system.

 

a) Psychosomatology

b) Neurobiology

c) Psychoneuroimmunology

d) Biopsychology

 

 

 

58) Lesions to the lining of the stomach and duodenum are __________.

 

a) intestinal ulcers

b) caused by stress alone

c) diverticulitis

d) gastric ulcers

 

 

 

59) The H. pylori bacterium that is associated with ulcer formation is found in _____.       

 

a) 25% of people with ulcers

b) 50% of people who do not have ulcers

c) 75% of people with ulcers

d) 100% of people who do not have ulcers

 

 

 

60) Ulcers are associated with _____.

 

a) personality type

b) stress and biological factors

c) stress alone

d) genetics

 

 

 

61) By itself, _____ does not cause ulcers; it is a contributing factor along with biological factors.

 

a) personality type

b) depression

c) stress

d) genetics

 

 

 

62) _________ occurs when a primitive tumor begins rapidly dividing and invades healthy tissue.

 

a) Cancer

b) Respiratory disease

c) Cardiovascular disease

d) PTSD

 

 

 

63) According to your text, most people do not have cancer because _____.

 

a) the immune system keeps cancer cells in check

b) they engage in essentially healthy habits

c) the fight or flight syndrome functions today as well as it did in prehistoric times

d) the general adaptation syndrome prevents the growth of cancer cells

 

 

 

64) Currently, more than __________ types of cancers have been identified.

 

a) 20

b) 50

c) 75

d) 100

 

 

 

65) A type of blood cell that can attack and destroy cancer cells is called (a) ________.

 

a) red blood cell

b) killer cell

c) nutriferon

d) Beta cell

 

 

 

66) According to your textbook, which one type of environmental factor,  contributes to the development of cancer?

 

a) switching careers at mid-life

b)  being over age 65 and single with no children

c) child abuse

d) death in the family

 

 

 

67) Research does not support the popular myth that cancer can result from _________.

 

a) problems metabolizing oxygen

b) abnormal pancreatic functioning, which can alter hormone levels

c) the adrenal glands releasing insufficient cortisol

d) stress, which releases hormones that suppresses immune functioning

 

 

 

68) Which of the following increases the spread of cancer cells to other organs and bones, decreasing the likelihood of survival?

 

a) problems metabolizing oxygen

b) hormone levels

c) insufficient cortisol

d) stress

 

 

 

69) Which of the following can help your immune system to resist infection or to fight off cancer cells in the body?

 

a) alcohol

b) sleep

c) sex

d) positive stress

 

 

 

70) Breast cancer patients who receive training in intervention strategies are _________ less likely to have a cancer recurrence than those without the training.

 

a) 10%

b) 45%

c) 65%

d) 100%

 

 

 

71) _________ contribute to over half of all deaths in the United States.

 

a) Mental disorders

b) Hormone levels

c) Cardiovascular disorders

d) Respiratory disorders

 

 

 

72) _____ is the general term for all disorders that affect the heart muscle that can ultimately result in heart failure.

 

a) Heart attack

b) Atherosclerosis

c) Angina

d) Heart disease

 

 

 

73) Simon is experiencing chest pain due to an insufficient blood supply to the heart. Saul's coronary arteries are nearly blocked, which is slowing blood flow to his heart.  Sean has just experienced the death of some of his heart muscle tissue.  What do these men have in common?

a) angina

b) atherosclerosis

c) heart attack

d) heart disease

 

 

 

74) _____ occurs when the walls of the coronary arteries thicken, reducing or blocking the blood flow to the heart.

 

a) Coronary heart attack

b) Coronary atherosclerosis

c) Coronary angina

d) Coronary heart disease

 

 

 

75) Chest pain due to an insufficient blood supply to the heart is ________.

 

a) angina

b) atherosclerosis

c) heart attack

d) angiosclerosis

 

 

 

76) Which one of the following terms with definition is correct?

 

a) heart attack: a thickening of coronary artery walls that blocks blood flow to the heart

b) angina: chest pain due to a failure of the heart to pump sufficient blood to the brain

c) heart attack: tissue thickening of coronary artery walls that blocks blood flow to the heart

d) angina: death of heart muscle tissue

 

 

 

77) If Jayne is experiencing chest pains, and it is found that not enough blood is flowing through her heart, she is probably experiencing ______.

 

a) heart attack

b) atherosclerosis

c) angina

d) red blood cell deficiency

 

 

 

78) Death of heart muscle tissue is ________.

 

a) angina

b) atherosclerosis

c) a heart attack

d) angiosclerosis

 

 

 

79) The two chemicals released during the fight-or-flight stress response that are associated with the development of heart disease are _____.

 

a) high-density and low-density cholesterol

b) adrenaline and epinephrine

c) cortisol and epinephrine

d) insulin and leptin

 

 

 

80) Stress increases the risk of heart disease because unused fat cells released during the stress response may _____.

 

a) erode the muscles of the heart

b) force the heart to beat too rapidly

c) be deposited on and block coronary arteries

d) increase HDL cholesterol levels

 

 

 

81) Intense ambition, competition, exaggerated time urgency, and a cynical, hostile outlook on life are associated with _____.

 

a) overachievement

b) Type A personalities

c) all heart disease patients

d) aggressive personalities

 

 

 

82) Which of the following is among the characteristics associated with Type-A personality?

 

a) time urgency

b) patience

c) calm

d) relaxed

 

 

 

83) A calm, patient, relaxed attitude toward life is associated with _____.

 

a) an underachiever

b) a Type B personality

c) a cancer patient

d) antidepressants

 

 

 

84) Which of the following personalities is related to heart disease?

 

a) type A

b) type B

c) type C

d) type D

 

 

 

85) Among Type A characteristics, which of these people is the most likely to get heart disease.

 

  1. John is angry at his boss for turning down promotions three years in a row.
  2. b) Sarah is always watching the clock and worried about when it is time for her next meeting
  3. Roger applied to seven top law schools and was accepted into all of them but will first study on a scholarship at Cambridge in England.
  4. Amber expects to win the tennis match and go on to national competition where she is determined to beat her rival.

 

 

86) The  ________ approach to behavior modification aims to eliminate or modify all Type A behaviors.

 

a) positive affect

b) shotgun

c) target behavior

d) all -or -nothing affect

 

 

 

87) The  ________ approach to behavior modification focuses on only Type A behaviors that are likely to cause heart disease.

 

a) positive affect

b) shotgun

c) target behavior

d) all -or- nothing affect

 

 

 

88) Research suggests that this Type A characteristic is most often associated with heart disease.

 

a) intense ambition

b) impatience

c) cynical hostility

d) time urgency

 

 

 

89) People with cynical hostility have more interpersonal conflicts that can lead to _____________________.

 

a) an increase in autonomic activation

b) a decrease in autonomic activation

c) a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease

d) a change to a Type B personality

 

 

 

90) Mae had surgery on a broken finger and she is an editor who needs to type; the idea of not recovering full use of her finger was stressful. She diligently attended physical therapy to strengthen her finger. Which of the following best describes Mae’s approach to dealing with this stressor?

 

a) belief that external factors would determine the outcome

b) belief that she controlled her own fate

c) mindfulness stress reduction

d) social support from friends and family

 

 

 

91) If a doctor is treating a Type A client by modifying only the cynical hostility that is associated with heart disease, then the doctor is practicing _____.

 

a) psychoanalytic therapy

b) the shotgun approach

c) the target behavior approach

d) long-term therapy

 

 

 

92) One of the latest areas of research in ______ studies people with high positive affect.

 

a) stress and health management

b) affective psychology

c) clinical psychology

d) positive psychology

 

 

 

93) Keiko is content living in San Francisco with his new girlfriend, and he loves bicycling to work. Keiko could be described as demonstrating

 ________.

 

a) positive affect

b) the pleasure principle

c) affective behavior

d) PTSD

 

 

 

94) Jasmine served in the Vietnam War where she saw a lot of people injured and dying. Since then, she has  flashbacks, nightmares, and can’t hold a job. Jasmine is _____.

 

a) suffering from a psychosomatic illness

b) experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder

c) having a nervous breakdown

d) weaker than people who take such events in stride

 

 

 

95) Lee  was viciously beaten three months ago while waiting for the bus after his night shift at work. He  is suffering from PTSD and is  least  likely to develop which of the following symptoms?

 

a) nightmares and sleep disturbances

b) withdrawal from personal relationships

c) manic and depressive episodes

d) negative emotions

 

 

 

96) The essential feature of  ________ is the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to one or more traumatic events.

 

a) traumatic event disorder

b) stressful event disorder

c) positive affect stress disorder

d) posttraumatic stress disorder

 

 

97) A person who has experienced a traumatic experience can help herself by ____.

 

a) being patient with others

b) talking about their dreams

c) recognizing normal crisis reactions

d) being aware of psychosomatic symptoms

 

 

 

98) Research shows that approximately _____ of all children and teens will experience a traumatic stressor.

 

a) 5%

b) 15%

c) 40%

d) 95%

 

 

 

99) Which of the following people are most likely to experience PTSD?

 

a) Susan, who witnessed her child being brutally murdered.

b) Eric, who failed a psychology exam and now does not qualify for the PhD program.

c) Joe, is an Olympic skier and who broke his leg so badly he won’t ski competitively again.

d) Yvette, who was a victim of identity theft and has no money left in her bank account.

 

 

 

100) Some victims of PTSD will experience which of the following?

 

a) schizophrenia

b) affective stress disorder

c) alcohol and drug abuse

d) an overwhelming sense of time urgency

 

 

 

101) In the past, doctors working with combat veterans referred to PTSD as ______.

 

a) schizophrenia

b) affective stress disorder

c) railway spine

d) shell shock

 

 

 

102) Which one of the following does health psychology study?

 

a)  how psychology helps with sports injuries

b) why people don’t use preventative measures

c)   how long-term therapy helps wellnessd) how people become ill from hereditary illnesses

 

 

 

103) Which of the following is most likely to be researched by health psychologists?

 

a) pain

b) broken bones

c) pneumonia

d) brain lesions

 

 

 

104) A health psychologist is likely to do which one of the following?   _____.

 

a) study interpersonal relationships among nurses and doctors

b) teach people to be  less assertive and more aggressive

c) be interested in the relationship between stress and heredity

d) work on increasing a person’s work hours and earning potential

 

 

 

105) According to your text, a primary reason young people begin smoking is _____.

 

a) a desire to rebel against parents

b) a desire to rebel against society

c) social pressure from peers

d) exposure to nicotine, which triggers a biological need for more

 

 

 

106) The effects of nicotine are related to the release of _____ in the brain.

 

a) acetylcholine

b) serotonin

c) epinephrine

d) GABA

 

 

 

107) Rewards for smoking come from ______.

 

a) the relief of withdrawal symptoms

b) improvement in mental functions

c) inhibiting the release of dopamine

d) the release of epinephrine in the brain

 

 

 

108) Which two factors make it hard to quit smoking?

 

a) changes in acetylcholine and serotonin production

b) social rewards and physical addiction to nicotine

c) physical addiction and decreases in withdrawal symptoms

d) physical withdrawal symptoms and an internal locus of control

 

 

 

109) ______ immune system helps defend against disease, while _____ immune system leaves the body susceptible to a number of diseases.

 

a) A normal-functioning; a suppressed

b) A suppressed; a normal-functioning

c) A pharmaceutically enhanced; a natural

d)  An overactive; normal functioning

 

 

 

110) Which one of the following is not typical work for a health psychologist?

 

a) independent clinical work

b) consultations

c) research studies

d) physical or occupational therapy

 

 

 

111) Health psychologists help people cope with conditions such as ______.

 

a) chronic pain

b) athlete’s foot

c) tooth decay

d) schizophrenia

 

 

 

112) According to your text, coping is defined as _____.

 

a) avoiding stress

b) attenuating stress

c) managing stress in an effective way

d) solving problems

 

 

 

113) _____________ is an attempt to manage stress in some effective way.

 

a) Focus

b) Resiliency

c) Appraisal

d) Coping

 

 

 

114) If Denise decides that the stressor she is confronting, a difficult math test, is a threatening event that is beyond control, she has just engaged in ________.

 

a) secondary appraisal

b) primary appraisal

c) rationalization

d) withdrawal

 

 

 

115) Alex  decided that the best way to deal with his stressor of a math test is to study several hours and receive extra help from his professor; he has just engaged in _________.

 

a) secondary appraisal

b) primary appraisal

c) rationalization

d) withdrawal

 

 

 

116) Primary appraisal refers to the idea of deciding ______________.

 

a) if a stressor is harmful, threatening, or challenging

b) what types of coping strategies are available

c) to use defense mechanisms to deal with a stressor

d) to directly deal with the stressor

 

 

 

117) Problem-focused forms of coping strategies emphasize _____.

 

a) the problem-solving set

b) decreasing or eliminating the source of stress

c) eliminating the pain caused by the stressor

d) the problem-solving component

 

 

 

118) If you have some control over the circumstances that are creating your stress, _____ forms of coping are likely to be most effective.

 

a) problem-focused

b) emotion-focused

c) affect-focused

d) effect-focused

 

 

 

119) If you want to apply a problem-focused form of coping to answering difficult questions on this exam, your best strategy will be to _____.

 

a) make a guess about the right answer and cross your fingers that you got it right

b) argue with your teacher after class that some questions on the test were unfair and should be discounted

c) mark the difficult ones and return to answer them after checking other questions for clues

d) resolve the problem-focused set

 

 

 

120) Emotion-focused forms of coping are based on relieving your _____ when faced with stressful situations.

 

a) physical ailments

b) emotional reactions

c) cognitive strategies

d) cognitive reactions

 

 

 

121) Unconscious strategies used to distort reality and relieve anxiety and guilt are called _____.

 

a) defense mechanisms

b) cognitive reappraisals

c) juvenile thinking

d) primary process thinking

 

 

 

122) Fantasy is a(n) _____ form of coping.

 

a) emotion-focused

b) problem-focused

c) ineffective

d) juvenile

 

 

 

123) Rationalization is a(n) _____ that can be ineffective or dangerous even though it may reduce short-term anxiety or guilt.

 

a) problem solving strategy

b) extrinsic excuse

c) defense mechanism

d) cognitive-behavioral strategy

 

 

 

124) Which of the following persons is effectively  using emotion-focused coping?

 

a) Roscoe rationalized that he got a poor grade on the math test because his teacher was boring.

b) Logan rationalized that not making the basketball team would give him more time to focus on his studies and finish college sooner.

c) Kimmy decided that all men were jerks after being dumped by five guys in five years.

d) Dolores decided to ignore the lump in her breast, telling herself that it was probably no big deal.

 

 

 

125) A small plane has crashed in your neighborhood and you take a fire extinguisher and blankets to the scene. You then stand back and pray when you realize there is nothing you can do to help. In this situation, praying is an example of _____ coping.

 

a) problem-focused

b) emotion-focused

c) active

d) passive

 

 

 

126) Which of the following is  a  coping resource listed in your text?

 

a) religious commitment

b) blaming other people

c) social skills

d) relaxing and ignoring the problem

 

 

 

127) Research on exercise and stress has found which of the following statements to be true?

 

a) It produces stress hormones and can be more harmful than good.

b) It exacerbates the muscle tension that builds up during stress.

c) It increases strength and stamina for coping with future stress.

d) Mild or moderate exercise is helpful; strenuous exercise is detrimental to coping.

 

 

 

128) Exercise can help to alleviate symptoms of which psychological disorders?

 

a) anxiety and bi-polar disorder

b) depression and schizophrenia

c) schizophrenia and anxiety

d) anxiety and depression

 

 

 

129) Good social skills can help deal with stress by accomplishing which of the following?

 

a) coping with self-esteem issues

b) helping us to recognize our desires and needs

c) decreasing hostility in tense situations

d) minimizing anxiety and depression

 

 

 

130) __________ refers to a person's belief that life's circumstances are under their internal, personal control or outside, external factors.

 

a) Localization belief

b) Locus of control

c) Attribution of control

d) Location of efficacy

 

 

 

131) One threat to well-being occurs in people who _____.

 

a) believe they have no control over their circumstances

b) accumulate too much money

c) use meditation and exercise to cope with external stressors

d) take charge of their own health

 

 

 

132) When diagnosed with diabetes, Evelyn searched the Internet for information about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this disease. Her method of coping suggests that she has an _____ locus of control.

 

a) extrinsically motivated

b) intrinsically motivated

c) internal

d) external

 

 

 

133) When diagnosed with diabetes, Derek placed his fate in God's hands; thus Derek's method of coping suggests that he has an _____ locus of control.

 

a) extrinsically motivated

b) intrinsically motivated

c) internal

d) external

 

 

 

134) Research suggests that people with higher _____ have less psychological stress than those with higher _____.

 

a) external locus of control; internal locus of control

b) internal locus of control; external locus of control

c) emotion-focused coping styles; problem-focused coping styles

d) problem-focused coping styles; emotion-focused coping styles

 

 

 

135) Money is an important coping resource because _____.

 

a) people with money seldom experience stress

b) it compensates for a lack of other coping resources or skills

c) it increases your options for eliminating stressors or reducing stress

d) people with money are happier than those without

 

 

 

136) According to your text, which of the following helps to reduce the muscle tension associated with stress?

 

a) meditation

b) progressive relaxation

c) positive beliefs

d) biofeedback

 

 

137) You have a minor car accident after which you experience sweaty palms, rapid breathing, and a racing heart.  In this situation, _____ is the stressor, and _____ is the stress.

a) your racing heart; the accident

b) the accident; your physical reaction

c) your sweaty palms; your rapid breathing

d) the accident; the accident

 

 

 

138) Which of the following is NOT one of the major causes of stress identified in your TEXT?

a) Life changes

b) Daily routines

c) Burnout

d) Hassles

 

 

 

139) Ethan was recently laid off.  His bills are now piling up, he hasn't found a new job yet, and his wife is pregnant. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is he MOST likely experiencing?

a) Resistance

b) Alarm

c) Exhaustion

d) Burnout

 

 

 

140)  Which of the following situations would be MORE effectively handled with emotion-focused rather than problem-focused coping?

a) You are too sick to make it to your final exam in chemistry, the last class you need before graduation.

b) Your best friend is being treated for testicular cancer.

c) You have very little money, your dog is very sick, and your insurance plan doesn't cover pets.

d) You really need a new car.

 

 

 

 

 

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