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Homework answers / question archive / Package Title: Testbank Course Title: Real World Psychology Chapter Number: Chapter 02   Question Type: Multiple Choice     1) Which field studies how biological processes (e

Package Title: Testbank Course Title: Real World Psychology Chapter Number: Chapter 02   Question Type: Multiple Choice     1) Which field studies how biological processes (e

Psychology

Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: Real World Psychology

Chapter Number: Chapter 02

 

Question Type: Multiple Choice

 

 

1) Which field studies how biological processes (e.g., genetics, brain) are related to behavioral and mental processes?

a) behavioral genetics

b) biopsychology

c) cognitive neurology

d) psychoanalytic genetics

 

 

 

2) Behavioral genetics is the study of _______________.

a) the relative effects of behavior and genetics on survival

b) the relative effects of heredity and environment on behavior and mental processes

c) the relative effects of genetics on natural selection

d) how genetics affects correct behavior

 

 

3) Evolutionary psychology studies _________.

a) how humans adapted their behavior to survive and evolve

b) how humankind's behavior has changed over the millennia

c) how much humans can evolve to change behavior

d) how the principles of evolution such as natural selection and adaptation can explain behavior and mental processes

 

 

4) The study of genetic and environmental influences on behavior is called _____.

a) behavioral genetics

b) genealogy

c) psychogenetics

d) biological psychology

 

 

5) The human body is composed of ___________ chromosomes.

a) 23

b) 22

c) 46

d) 44

 

 

6) _____ are threadlike strands of DNA molecules that carry genetic information.

a) Genes

b) Chromosomes

c) Stem cells

d) Heredity cells

 

 

7) Which of the following is the definition of behavioral genetics?

a)  the application of principles of evolution to explain behavior and mental processesb)  the relative effects of heredity and the environment on how we act and think

c)  the effect of nature vs. nurture on our behavior

d)  the study of culture and interpersonal relationships

 

 

8) Genes are found on chromosomes and _____.

a) contain threadlike double strands of DNA molecules

b) determine what traits you will possess

c) are precursor cells that give birth to new cells

d) increase during prenatal development

 

 

9) If a trait is recessive, this means it will take _____ gene(s) for the trait to manifest itself in one's offspring.

a) 1 dominant

b) 2 recessive

c) 2 dominant

d) 3 or more recessive

 

 

10) Modern psychologists believe that many human characteristics such as eye color, hair color, or height are _________________.

a) dominant

b) recessive

c) polygenic

d) multifactoral

 

 

11) Which type of twins share the greatest genetic overlap?

a) identical

b) dizygotic

c) fraternal

d) zygotic

 

 

12) Evidence for ________ can be found when adopted children's behavior resembles that of their adopted family.

a) predominance of "nurture"

b) predominance of "nature"

c) interacting contributions of "nature" and "nurture"

d) equal contributions of "nature" and "nurture"

 

 

13) Identical twin boys raised in different households demonstrated great similarity in their personalities when reunited 20 years later. This is evidence for the __________________.

a)  predominance of "nurture"

b)  predominance of "nature"

c)  interacting contributions of "nature" and "nurture"

d)  equal contributions of "nature" and "nurture"

 

 

14) What is a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors?

a) heritability

b) inheritance

c) the biological ratio

d) the genome statistic

 

 

15) More than likely your genetics have absolutely nothing to do with the color of the shoes you are wearing right now. Thus your choice of shoe color this morning has a heritability estimate of _____.

a) –1

b) 0%

c) +1

d) 100%

 

 

16) If the heritability estimate for height is 90% and your parents are both tall, which of the following statements is accurate ?

a) You have a 90% chance of being tall.

b) Ninety percent of your parent's children will be tall.

c) You will achieve about 90% of your parent's combined heights.

d) You can’t  predict height from this estimate.

 

 

17) The branch of psychology that studies the ways in which natural selection and adaptation can explain behavior and mental processes is _____________.

a) behavioral genetics

b) environmental psychology

c) evolutionary psychology

d) Darwinian psychology

 

 

18) Evolutionary psychology is the branch of psychology that looks at _____.

a) how fossil discoveries affect behavior

b) the relationship between genes and the environment

c) the relationship between evolutionary changes and behavior

d) the effect of culture change on behavior

 

 

19) What is the evolutionary concept that occurs when a particular genetic trait gives an organism a reproductive advantage?

a) natural selection

b) environmental selection

c) survival of the fittest

d) Darwinian construct

 

 

20) Natural selection is MOST accurately summarized by the saying _____.

a) "survival of the fittest"

b) "might makes right"

c) "only the good die young"

d) "reproduction of the fittest"

 

 

21) A neuron is _____.

a) the part of a nerve cell that receives information

b) the part of a nerve cell that sends information

c) a cell of the nervous system that creates energy

d) a cell of the nervous system responsible for receiving and transmitting electrochemical information

 

 

22) The basic building blocks of the brain and the rest of your nervous system are the _____.

a) neurons

b) neurotransmitters

c) synapses

d) myelin

 

 

23) What is the basic function of a neuron?

a) to maintain the structure of the brain

b) to connect the spine with the hands and feet

c) to release chemicals into the bloodstream

d) to transmit information throughout the nervous system

 

 

24) What is the part of the neuron that performs cleanup tasks and insulates one neuron from another so that neural messages do not get “scrambled?”

a) soma

b) dendrites

c) axons

d) glial cells

 

 

25) The three basic parts of the neuron can be likened to an arm, where the fingers represent the _____; the palm of the hand represents the _____; and the forearm represents the _____.

a) dendrites; myelin; axon terminal

b) somas; cell body; dendrite

c) receivers; generator; transmitter

d) dendrites; cell body; axon

 

 

26) The branching neuron fiber structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons and convey them to the cell body are called _____.

a) myelin sheaths

b) axon buttons

c) dendrites

d) nerves

 

 

27) The long tube-like structure that conveys impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands is called a(n) _____.

a) dendrite

b) soma

c) myelin sheath

d) axon

 

 

28) The part of the neuron that receives information from other neurons is called _____, and the part of the neuron that carries the information away toward other neurons is called the _____.

a) soma; axon

b) dendrite; axon

c) axon; dendrite

d) dendrite; soma

 

 

29) _____________ are the part of the neuron where chemicals called neurotransmitters are released.

a) Terminal buttons

b) Dendrites

c) Somas

d) Glial cells

 

 

30) The message that travels along an axon of a neuron is called a(n) ____________.

a) neurotransmission

b) action potential

c) mylinazation

d) chemical impulse

 

 

31) One important difference between a myelinated and bare axon is _____.

a) the neural impulse is faster in the myelinated axon

b) the neural impulse is faster in the bare axon

c) only the bare axons have nodes

d) thebare axons are heavier

 

 

32) Communication within neurons is _____, whereas communication between neurons is _____.

a) electrical; chemical

b) unmyelinated; myelinated

c) chemical; electrical

d) very slow; very fast

 

 

33) What effect will multiple sclerosis, a degenerative disorder that causes myelin to disintegrate, have on a person's nerve impulses?

a) They will slow down.

b) They will be stopped in the soma.

c) They will speed up.

d) They will become irregular.

 

 

34) The fatty insulation surrounding the axon of most neurons is called _____________.

a) a myelin sheath

b) dendrites

c) axons

d) glial cells

 

 

35) An impulse travels through the structures of the neuron in the following order:

a) cell body, axon, dendrites

b) cell body, dendrites, axon

c) dendrites, cell body, axon

d) axon, cell body, dendrites

 

 

36) Which of the following statements is true of the cell body?

a) It receives information from axons.

b) It is also known as the soma.

c) It contains sensory receptors.

d) It releases neurotransmitters.

 

 

37) The myelin sheath is a _____.

a) protein membrane that increases the electrical receptivity of axons

b) fatty substance that collects inside axons, slowing the rate of an action potential

c) fatty insulation wrapped around some axons that increases the rate at which impulses travel along the axon

d) protein that converts food into energy within the nucleus of a neuron

 

 

38) The tips of the branches of the axon are called _____.

a) dendrites

b) terminal buttons

c) soma

d) mitochondria

 

 

39) What part(s) of the cell receive(s) incoming messages?

a) axons and cell body

b) myelin sheath and dendrites

c) dendrites and cell body

d) terminal button and axons

 

 

40) Communication within a cell is ______.

a) electrical

b) caused by hardening of the cell membrane

c) both electrical and chemical

d) chemical

 

 

41) The resting potential of a neuron is approximately ___________.

a) 40 millivolts

b) –70 millivolts

c) 0 millivolts

d) +70 millivolts

 

 

42) Depolarization involves a neuron becoming __________.

a) more negative

b) less negative

c) more positive

d) less positive

 

 

43) Which of the following statements is true about neurotransmitters?

a) They are released from the terminal button of a cell

b) They are responsible for electrical communication within a cell

c) They are part of the powerhouse of a cell

d) They are the way that the cell body communicates with the axons and dendrites.

 

 

44) Chemical messengers that are released by axons and stimulate dendrites on another neuron are called _____.

a) chemical messengers

b) neurotransmitters

c) synaptic transmitters

d) neuromessengers

 

 

45) Molecules that carry positive or negative electrical charges are called _____.

a) ions

b) chemicals

c) charged substances

d) neurotransmitters

 

 

46) An action potential is _____.

a) the likelihood that a neuron will take action when stimulated

b) the tendency for a neuron to be potentiated by neurotransmitters

c) a neural impulse that carries information along the axon of a neuron

d) the firing of a nerve, either toward or away from the brain

 

 

47) A synapse is the _____.

a) gap between the brain and the skull that contains cerebrospinal fluid

b) tiny opening between the sending and receiving neuron

c) vesicle that contains neurotransmitters

d) place where neurotransmitters exchange ionic molecules

 

 

48) Neurotransmitters _____.

a) are chemicals that cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptors on another neuron

b) are surrounded by a myelin sheath that protects them

c) deliver only excitatory messages to other neurons

d) deliver only inhibitory messages to other neurons

 

 

49) What type(s) of messages can one neuron deliver to another?

a) excitatory but not inhibitory

b)  only inhibitory

c) both excitatory and inhibitory

d) neural impulses that are excitory

 

 

50) What does a neuron do if it receives inhibitory and excitatory impulses from neighboring neurons?

a) It fires as a result of the excitatory impulses.

b) It does not fire as a result of the inhibitory impulses.

c) It fires if there are more excitatory than inhibitory impulses.

d) It does not fire if the excitatory outnumber the inhibitory impulses.

 

 

51) Your body has designed a traffic signal for action potentials traveling from one neuron to another. In this system, a red light represents _____.

a) an excitatory neurotransmitter

b) an inhibitory neurotransmitter

c) a combination of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters

d) vesicle transmissions

 

 

52) When there is leftover neurotransmitter in the synaptic gap, which of the following occurs?

a) The leftover neurotransmitter stays in the gap.

b) The process of reuptake occurs.

c) The receiving neuron fires for a longer period of time.

d) The sending neuron fires for a long period of time.

 

 

53) A ____________ such as Prozac mimics the effects of the neurotransmitter serotonin, whereas a(n)_________ includes antipsychotic drugs that block the action of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

a) agonist; antagonist

b) antagonist; agonist

c) agonist; toxin

d) antagonist; toxin

 

 

54) A mind-altering drug that mimics or enhances the action of neurotransmitters is called an _____.

a) agonist

b) antagonist

c) excitatory modulator

d) inhibitory modulator

 

 

55) In the lock-and-key analogy for neurotransmitters, the lock refers to the _____, whereas the key refers to the _____.

a) dendrite receptors; shape of the neurotransmitter

b) shape of the neurotransmitter; dendrite receptors

c) axon receptors; shape of the neurotransmitter

d) vesicles inside the axon; dendrite receptors

 

 

56) __________ is associated with Parkinson's disease, whereas ___________ is associated with certain forms of schizophrenia.

a) Too much serotonin; too much dopamine

b) Too little dopamine; too much serotonin

c) Too little dopamine; too much dopamine

d) Too much dopamine; too little dopamine

 

 

57) If you run a marathon, your body will release _____ to elevate your mood and reduce your pain.

a) lactic acid

b) epinephrine

c) norepinephrine

d) endorphins

 

 

58) Endogenous opioid peptides are called _______.

a) neurotransmitters

b) endorphins

c) morphine

d) curare

 

 

59) This neurotransmitter affects sleep, appetite, and emotional states, among other behaviors.

a) acetylcholine

b) dopamine

c) GABA

d) serotonin

 

 

60) This neurotransmitter is suspected of playing a role in Alzheimer's disease.

a) acetylcholine

b) dopamine

c) GABA

d) norepinephrine

 

 

61) Which of the following is a neurotransmitter  that plays a role in dreaming, waking, and alertness?

a)  morphine

b)  endorphins

c) norepinephrine

d) GABA

 

 

62) Which neurotransmitter's major role is to inhibit neural transmissions in the central nervous system?

a) acetylcholine

b) dopamine

c) GABA

d) norepinephrine

 

 

63) Certain forms of depression are related to lowered levels of _____.

a) acetylcholine

b) dopamine

c) GABA

d) serotonin

 

 

64) This neurotransmitter is involved in the metabolism of glucose necessary for energy release.

a) epinephrine

b) acetylcholine

c) GABA

d) serotonin

 

 

65) Which of the following might Jeff be experiencing if he has high levels of norepinephrine?

a)  depression

b)  mania Alzheimer’s

d)  decreased anxiey

 

 

66) Which neurotransmitter is involved in drug addiction?

a) epinephrine

b) dopamine

c) GABA

d) serotonin

 

 

67) What is a collection of glands found throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order to effect behavioral change or maintain normal bodily functions?

a) nervous system

b) alimentary system

c) endocrine system

d) hypothalamus

 

 

 

68) __________ is a component of the endocrine system.

a) Neurotransmitter

b) Neurogenesis

c) Adrenal gland

d) Neuroplasticity

 

 

69) Which of the following is associated with the endocrine system?

a) hypothalamus

b) epinephrine

c) serotonin

d) dopamine

 

 

70) Chemicals that are manufactured by endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodstream to change or maintain bodily functions are called _____.

a) vasopressors

b) gonadotropins

c) hormones

d) steroids

 

 

71) Your text presented an analogy showing that neurotransmission at the synapse is like _____, whereas hormonal communication is like _____.

a) a drug; a vitamin

b) an individual e-mail; a global e-mail

c) Halloween; Christmas

d) the Internet; television

 

 

72) Which of the following might be happening toViolet if she is under stress because her uncle and her nephew both died the same week?

a) Her adrenal glands are secreting cortisol in response to the stress.

b) Her brain is making more serotonin.

c) Her dopamine levels may increase and make her susceptible to addiction.

d) The level of GABA will increase and cause her to feel anxious.

 

 

73) Which of the following is identified as a function of the endocrine system?

a) help with regulation of emotional development

b) maintain cognitive functioning

c) control of the body’s response to emergencies

d) control of memory functions

 

 

74) Which of the following chemicals does the body use as both a hormone and neurotransmitter?

a) serotonin

b) epinephrine

c) dopamine

d) acetylcholine

 

 

75) Which part of the endocrine system affects metabolism?

a) the pituitary gland

b) the thyroid gland

c) the pancreas

d) the parathyroid gland

 

 

76) Which part of the endocrine system helps regulate sleep cycle and body rhythms?

a) the pineal gland

b) the thyroid gland

c) the pancreas

d) the parathyroid gland

 

 

77) The __________ is involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

a) pituitary gland

b) thyroid gland

c) pancreas

d) parathyroid gland

 

 

78) ______________ is considered to be a major stress hormone.

a) Estrogen

b) Testosterone

c) Cortisol

d) Melatonin

 

 

79) The two major divisions of the nervous system are the _____.

a) anterior and posterior

b) central and peripheral

c) chemical and mechanical

d) brain and spinal cord

 

 

80) The central nervous system _____.

a) consists of the brain and spinal cord

b) consists of the adrenal and pineal glands

c) includes the automatic and other nervous systems

d) includes the peripheral and autonomic nervous system.

 

 

81) The peripheral nervous system _____.

a) is composed of the spinal cord and all  nerves in the body

b) is less important than the central nervous system

c) is contained within the skull and spinal column

d) includes all the nerves and neurons outside the brain and spinal cord

 

 

82) The link between the brain and the spinal cord with the rest of the body's sense receptors, muscles, and glands is the _____ nervous system.

a) peripheral

b) autonomic

c) somatic

d) sympathetic

 

 

83) The difference between neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) is that _____.

a) damage to the PNS neurons is more often fatal

b) neurons in the PNS can regenerate

c) damage to PNS neurons is usually irreversible

d) neurons in the CNS are less likely to regenerate

 

 

84) The brain's ability to reorganize and change its structure and function throughout the life span is known as ___________.

a) neurogenesis

b) neuroplasticity

c) neurokinesis

d) neuroevolution

 

 

85) Seth is taking classes in Japanese online and his friend Peter is learning to play field hockey.

The brain makes this possible because of  ______________.

a) new neurons are generated

b) the nervous system connects to the central nervous system

c)  reflexes in the spinal cord that allow signals to the muscles

d) the brain can reorganize and change its structure throughout the lifespan

 

 

86) The process by which new neurons are generated is called _____.

a) split-brain genesis

b) stem cell production

c) neuroplasticity

d) neurogenesis

 

 

87) A stroke victim was unable to talk for one year, but in the second year gradually regained the ability to speak. What probably happened?

a) The neurons regenerated.

b) Neurons split to form new neurons.

c) Stem cells initiated the formation of new cells.

d) The brain rerouted the neurons around the damaged area.

 

 

88) _________, in stroke victims, has been found to restore function in an affected limb even 21 years after the stroke.

a) Use of stem cell therapy to produce different types of cells

b) Use of long-acting curare

c) Immobilizing the unaffected limb and exercising the affected limb

d) Giving weekly hyperbolic oxygen

 

 

89) _____ are the rare, immature cells that give birth to new specialized cells.

a) Stem cells

b) Dendrites

c) Axons

d) Neurogenic cells

 

 

90) Stem cells have been used to replenish devastated cells and have helped individuals suffering from _____.

a) autism

b) mental retardation

c) stress

d) schizophrenia

 

 

91) In the study mentioned in the textbook, animals with spinal cord damage implanted with embryonic stem cells showed ___________.

a) improvements in the damaged areas in the spinal cord, but not in the paralyzed parts of the body

b) no improvements in the damaged areas in the spinal cord

c) no improvements in paralyzed areas of the body

d) improvements in the damaged area of the spinal cord and the paralyzed areas of the body

 

 

92) The spinal cord is found inside the spinal column and is involved in _____.

a) initiating voluntary behavior

b) the release of hormones body

c) higher order cognitive functioning

d) reflexes

 

 

93) When your hand touches a hot stove, you immediately and reflexively pull it away. This action is controlled by your _______________.

a) peripheral nervous system

b) spinal cord

c) brain

d) reflexes

 

 

94) An impulse that travels inward from a sensory receptor to the spinal cord, then outward to a muscle is called a(n) _____.

a) inhibitory potential

b) sensory-motor arc

c) excitatory potential

d) reflex arc

               

 

95) The reflex involved when you stroke an infant's cheek and he turns toward the stimulator and begins to suck is called the ___________ reflex.

a) Babinski

b) sucking

c) feeding

d) rooting

 

 

96) Lightly stroking the bottom of a baby's foot causes the toes to fan out. This is known as the ________.

a) rooting reflex

b) Babinski reflex

c) moro reflex

d) sucking reflex

 

 

97) The somatic nervous system is made up of the _____.

a) nerves that connect to sensory receptors and controls skeletal muscles

b) spinal cord and interneurons in the spine

c) nerves that maintain the function of the glands, heart muscles, and  smooth muscles

d) nerves that mobilize bodily resources

 

 

98) The autonomic nervous system is responsible for _____.

a) connecting the CNS with the skeletal muscles

b) the somatic and parasomatic nervous system

c) regulation of the heart muscle and other involuntary functions

d) linking the body with the sense organs

 

 

99) When a student raises her hand so that she can answer a teacher's question, the ___________ division of the nervous system was responsible for her hand going up.

a) central nervous system

b) autonomic nervous system

c) somatic nervous system

d) parasympathetic nervous system

 

 

100) The _____ nervous system is responsible for involuntary tasks, whereas the _____ nervous system is responsible for voluntary tasks.

a) autonomic; somatic

b) somatic; autonomic

c) central; peripheral

d) peripheral; central

 

 

101) What part of the nervous system would be activated if you were attacked by a mugger?

a) autonomic

b) somatic

c) central

d) parasympathetic

 

 

102) The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are branches of the _____ nervous system.

a) somatic

b) central

c) cardinal

d) autonomic

 

 

103) The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into two branches called the _____ and _____ systems.

a) automatic; semiautomatic

b) somatic; peripheral

c) afferent; efferent

d) sympathetic; parasympathetic

 

 

104) The _____ nervous system is responsible for fight or flight, whereas the _____ nervous system is responsible for maintaining calm.

a) central; peripheral

b) parasympathetic; sympathetic

c) sympathetic; parasympathetic

d) autonomic; somatic

 

 

105) After arguing with her husband over dinner, Sue developed a stomachache. This was probably because her ___________________________.

a) sympathetic nervous system activated and shut down digestion during the argument

b) parasympathetic nervous system activated and shut down digestion during the argument

c) endocrine system sent out too many hormones to her stomach

d) central nervous system signaled for too much acid to be produced in her stomach

 

 

106) The _____ branch of the nervous system is dominant during sexual arousal, whereas the _____ branch is dominant during orgasm and ejaculation.

a)  parasympathetic; sympathetic

b)  autonomic; somatic

c)  central; peripheral

d)  cerebral; spinal

 

 

107) Which of the following is a reaction of the sympathetic nervous system?

a) decreased heart rate

b) decreased respiration

c) release of hormones into the bloodstream

d) increased digestive processes

 

 

108) Which part of the nervous system is being activated during yoga?

a) sympathetic

b) parasympathetic

c) somatic

d) spinal cord

 

 

109) The sympathetic nervous system _____________________.

a) helps mobilize necessary resources to deal with a dangerous situation

b) is responsible for returning the body to its normal state

c) is sympathetic dominant for sexual activity

d) increases eliminative processes

 

 

110) Both early and modern-day brain researchers have used _____ to study the brain.

a) dissection of the brains of deceased humans

b) pseudopsychology

c) brain-imaging scans

d) noninvasive techniques

 

 

111) An example of ________ would be destroying the amygdala in a research rat in order to observe changes in its behavior.

a) lesioning research

b) unethical research

c) ablation research

d) animal husbandry

 

 

112) In a research lab, damaging the cerebellum in a rat causes the rat to lose its balance and posture. This is an example of _________________.

a) lesioning research

b) correlational research

c) ablation research

d) noninvasive methods

 

 

113) If you use electrodes to record the brain's electrical activity, the output produces a(n) _____.

a) CT

b) EEG

c) EKG

d) fMRI

 

 

114) If you are having specific areas of your brain stimulated to prepare for performing brain surgery, than you are MOST likely undergoing _____.

 

a) ESB

b) EEG

c) CT

d) EKG

 

 

115) EEGs can determine which of the following?

a) mental disorders

b) brain tumors

c) exactly which neurons are active

d) brain structures

 

 

116) If a person has been injected with radioactive glucose and his doctor is observing the activity levels in various parts of his brain, than he is having a(n) _____.

a) EKG

b) PET scan

c) MI scan

d) CT scan

 

 

117) What is an X-ray procedure that reveals cross-sectional views of internal structural damage or problems in the brain?

a) positron emission tomography (PET)

b) computed tomography scan (CT)

c) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

d) electroencephalogram (EEG)

 

 

118) Which of the following provides a 3-D image of the brain?

a) positron emission tomography (PET)

b) intrabrain electrical recordings

c) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

d) transcranial magnetic stimulation

 

 

119) This term refers to the fact that certain brain structures are specialized for particular functions:

a) localization of function

b) specialized functioning

c) functional ablation

d) brain plasticity

 

 

120) This structure, which is part of the hindbrain, is involved in respiration, movement, waking, sleep, and dreaming.

a) medulla

b) pons

c) cerebellum

d) reticular formation

 

 

 

121) A main function of the medulla is to _____.

a) control automatic functions such as respiration and heart rate

b) coordinate fine motor movement in the fingers and face

c) regulate the functioning of the pons

d) control sleep and dreaming

 

 

122) Three structures included in the hindbrain are the:

a) thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem

b) amygdala, pons, and reticular formation

c) hypothalamus, pons, and the brainstem

d) medulla, pons, and cerebellum

 

 

123) This structure, part of the hindbrain, is responsible for maintaining fine muscle movements, balance, and some aspects of perception and cognition.

a) frontal lobe

b) motor control area

c) cerebellum

d) corpus callosum

 

 

124) The next time you see someone at a party who is having trouble walking properly, you might say, "He has had too much to drink, and it went right to his _____.”

a) reticular formation

b) cerebellum

c) frontal lobe

d) parietal lobe

 

 

125) In addition to coordinating movement and maintaining balance, the cerebellum may also play a role in _____.

a) breathing and blood pressure

b) hunger and satiety

c) hearing and vision

d) perception and cognition

 

 

126) The _____ is a diffuse set of neurons in the core of the brainstem that screens incoming sensory information and arouses the cortex.

a) thalamus

b) corpus callosum

c) limbic system

d) reticular formation

 

 

127) The part of your brain that refocuses your attention from a newspaper to noticing a crash in the street outside is the _____.

a) medulla

b) cerebral cortex

c) reticular formation

d) auditory cortex

 

 

128) The largest and most prominent part of the human brain is the _____.

a) cerebral cortex

b) hindbrain

c) midbrain

d) forebrain

 

 

129) Which of the following structures is a part of the forebrain?

a) hypothalamus

b) medulla

c) pons

d) cerebellum

 

 

130) What is the major sensory relay area for the brain?

a) hypothalamus

b) thalamus

c) cortex

d) hindbrain

 

 

131) What part of the brain receives information from the eyes and relays the information to the visual cortex?

a) medulla

b) cerebral cortex

c) reticular formation

d) thalamus

 

 

132) Many symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hearing voices, misunderstanding social cues, and misinterpreting sensory information, could be due to abnormalities in the _____.

a) reticular formation

b) hypothalamus

c) thalamus

d) cerebellum

 

 

133) What is a small structure that maintains the body’s internal environment and regulates emotions and drives such as hunger, thirst, sex, and aggression?

a) hypothalamus

b) hippocampus

c) pituitary gland

d) thalamus

 

 

134) The hypothalamus is involved with which of the following functions?

a) hunger and thirst

b) sleep

c) memory

d) sensory messages

 

 

135) This is an interconnected group of lower-level brain structures that are responsible for the arousal and regulation of emotion, motivation, memory, and other mental processes.

a) brainstem

b) limbic system

c) reticular formation

d) cerebral cortex

 

 

136) This part of the limbic system helps regulate emotions such as fear and aggression.

a) fornix

b) hippocampus

c) amygdala

d) thalamus

 

 

137) Which of the following is a characteristic of the cerebral cortex?

a) It involves emotions and memory.

b) It controls both autonomic and voluntary behavior.

c) It regulates reflexive behavior.

d) It is responsible for higher mental processes.

 

 

138) Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up the _____.

a) subcortical area of the brain

b) reticular formation

c) cerebral hemispheres

d) association areas of the brain

 

 

139) The frontal lobes are responsible for _____.

a) motor control

b) vision

c) hearing

d) touch

 

 

140) Motor control, speech production, thinking, personality, emotion, and memory are all governed by your _____.

a) parietal lobe

b) occipital lobe

c) temporal lobe

d) frontal lobe

 

 

141) The motor cortex in the _____ is responsible for your ability to place your foot on the brake pedal and stop at a red light.

 

a) pons

b) frontal lobe

c) parietal lobe

d) the brainstem

 

 

142) If a stroke victim with Broca's aphasia could still read and write, probably the _____ of the brain was damaged.

a) left parietal lobe

b) right temporal lobe

c) left frontal lobe

d) entire occipital lobe

 

 

143) Abnormalities in the ________  lobe are associated with schizophrenia.

a) parietal

b) temporal

c) occipital

d) frontal

 

 

144) The case of Phineas Gage suggests that the _____ lobe regulates our personality and is largely responsible for much of what makes us uniquely human.

a) frontal

b) temporal

c) parietal

d) occipital

 

 

145) The _____ lobe is involved with hearing, language comprehension, memory, and some emotional control.

a) frontal

b) occipital

c) posterior

d) temporal

 

 

146) _____ area is found in the temporal lobe and is involved with language comprehension.

a) Broca's

b) The association

c) Gage's

d) Wernicke's

 

 

147) What part of a person's brain would be affected if after brain damage the person could speak quickly and easily, but could not understand what was read or heard?

 

a) Broca's area

b) Wernicke's area

c) occipital lobe

d) parietal lobe

 

 

148) Vision and visual perception occur in the _____ lobe.

a) occipital

b) frontal

c) temporal

d) parietal

 

 

149) The ________ lobe is involved in the perception of shape, color, and motion.

a) frontal

b) parietal

c) temporal

d) occipital

 

 

150) What part of the brain is likely to not be working correctly if a person is blind, but has eyes that are not damaged in anyway?

a) frontal

b) parietal

c) temporal

d) occipital

 

 

151) The ________ lobe interprets bodily sensations.

a) posterior

b) anterior

c) parietal

d) temporal

 

 

152) If an injury caused the removal of a person's right parietal lobe, they would be unable to _____.

a) move the left side of their body

b) move the right side of their body

c) feel sensations from the left side of their body

d) feel sensations from the right side of their body

 

 

153) These are the "uncommitted areas" of the brain that help interpret, integrate, and act on information processed in other areas of the brain.

a) limbic system

b) projection areas

c) association areas

d) somatosensory system

 

 

154) Which of the following is true about the association areas in the brain?

a) They control motor movement.

b) They are involved in interpreting, integrating, and acting on information.

c) They respond to visual information.

d) They respond to auditory information.

 

 

155) ___________  is a term for the specialization of the left and right hemisphere of the brain for particular operations.

a) Localization

b) Lateralization

c) Plasticity

d) Specificity

 

 

156) What is the name of the bundle of nerve fibers that carries information between the brain's right and left hemispheres?

a) corpus callosum

b) cerebral cortex

c) cerebellum

d) hippocampus

 

 

157) Your left brain doesn't know what your right brain is doing. It is MOST likely that your _____ has been severed.

a) amygdala

b) frontal lobe

c) association cortex

d) corpus callosum

 

 

158) Split-brain is the term used to describe which of the following conditions?

a) a mental condition also known as schizophrenia

b) the surgical separation of the brain hemispheres

c) an intellectual condition also known as dyslexia

d) lateralization of hemispheres

 

 

159) Although the left and right hemispheres of the brain are specialized, they are normally in close communication through the _____.

a) reciprocating circuits

b) thalamus

c) corpus callosum

d) cerebellum

 

 

160) A person who has undergone surgery to separate their brain hemispheres most likely suffered __________ prior to surgery.

a) schizophrenia

b) dyslexia

c) severe epilepsy

d) bilateral localization

 

 

161) Jason is blindfolded and cannot verbally identify objects placed in his left hand, which suggests that he has had _____.

a) a dyslexic episode

b) split-brain surgery

c) an epileptic seizure

d) a lateralization of his brain hemispheres

 

 

162) Manuel is a  split-brain patient who is presented with the word "tenant" with "ten" presented to his right visual field and "ant" presented to his left visual field. How does he respond when asked what word he sees?

a) tenant

b) ten

c) ant

d) she reports she sees nothing

 

 

163) Among other behaviors, this neurotransmitter also affects sleep, appetite, and emotional states.

a) acetylcholine

b) dopamine

c) norepinephrine

d) serotonin

 

 

164) Too much of this neurotransmitter may be related to schizophrenia, whereas too little of this neurotransmitter may be related to Parkinson's disease.

a) Acetylcholine

b) Dopamine

c) Norepinephrine

d) Serotonin

 

 

 

166) Diane got very angry at Chris, and they argued over dinner. Afterward, Diane had a stomach ache. This was probably because:

a) her sympathetic nervous system activated and shut down digestion during the argument

b) her parasympathetic nervous system activated and shut down digestion during the argument

c) her endocrine system sent out too many hormones to her stomach

d) her central nervous system signaled for too much acid to be produced in her stomach

 

 

 

Question Type: Essay

 

 

167) Diagram a neuron with its major parts, and describe the functions of each part. Note: Artistic ability will not be graded; accuracy will be.

 

 

 

168) Describe the electrochemical process that changes a resting potential into an action potential, including a statement about how neurotransmitters act to excite or inhibit action potentials.

 

 

 

165) Describe how communication between neurons occurs. Provide a diagram of this process. What determines whether or not this communication happens?

 

 

 

166) What are the different types of neurotransmitters, and how do they affect our behavior? What consequences do neurotransmitter imbalances have for behavior?

 

 

 

167) How do hormones work? How are they different from neurotransmitters? Provide some examples of hormones, and discuss how they affect behavior.

 

 

 

168) Describe recent research regarding neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, and the role of stem cells in the treatment of  physical and neurological dysfunctions.

 

 

169) Name the two branches of the autonomic nervous system, describe the function of each branch, and state the changes that occur in various target organs during the "fight-or-flight" response.

 

 

 

170) Contrast the three types of brain scans—CT, PET, and MRI (or fMRI)—providing an example of when each scan might be used.

 

 

 

171) Describe the main functions and location of the cerebellum, the three parts of the brainstem, and the reticular formation.

 

 

 

172) Describe the location and main functions of the subcortical areas of the brain: the thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system.

 

 

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