a.

had limited political experience when he ran for president in 1960.

b.

possessed a shrewd intelligence and a compulsive love for combative politics.

c.

like John F. Kennedy, came from a wealthy family.

d.

did not have the intellectual depth to be president.

e.

was politically damaged by his service as vice president due to Eisenhower’s unpopularity when his presidency ended.

a.

appeared nervous and unknowledgeable in a televised debate.

b.

promised to use the White House to promote religion.

c.

promised to pursue a “new frontier.”

d.

promised to provide health care to all Americans.

e.

opposed civil rights.

a.

was a narrow victory for Kennedy.

b.

was a popular-vote landslide victory for Kennedy.

c.

showed the public’s desire for radical change.

d.

was determined when Kennedy swept the West Coast, including Nixon’s home state of California.

e.

was challenged in the courts by the Republicans.

a.

the flatness of his delivery.

b.

the record cold in Washington that day.

c.

the large and friendly crowd.

d.

the list of promises in his speech.

e.

his elegant and inspiring rhetoric.

a.

compared favorably to the legislative achievements of FDR.

b.

was labeled the New Society.

c.

was largely blocked by conservatives in Congress.

d.

revealed Kennedy’s genius in getting laws passed.

e.

called for tax hikes to balance the budget.

a.

boosted the candidacy of Hubert Humphrey.

b.

showed the patience of Mayor Daley and the Chicago police.

c.

resulted in massive rioting in the streets.

d.

was dull and uninspiring.

e.

successfully appealed to the values of “middle America.”

a.

Martin Luther King Jr.

d.

Robert Kennedy.

b.

Malcolm X.

e.

Eugene McCarthy.

c.

George Wallace.

a.

the sit-in.

b.

the occupation of campus administration buildings.

c.

the March on Washington.

d.

street theater.

e.

the freedom ride.

a.

only increased Johnson’s determination to win in Vietnam.

b.

ultimately forced Johnson out of the presidential race.

c.

led to Johnson’s clear defeat in the New Hampshire primary.

d.

caused Johnson to end the war on poverty.

e.

caused most Americans to rally around Johnson.

a.

the University of Alabama.

d.

the University of Mississippi.

b.

Louisiana State University.

e.

Texas A&M.

c.

Georgia Tech.

a.

expressed his admiration of activists Ross Barnett and Bull Connor.

b.

announced that he was abandoning nonviolent tactics.

c.

expressed anger at being locked up.

d.

declared his willingness to break unjust laws.

e.

explained why he hated racist whites.

a.

his vice president, Lyndon Johnson.

d.

FBI director J. Edgar Hoover.

b.

his brother, Robert.

e.

Chief Justice Earl Warren.

c.

his wife, Jackie.

a.

provoked a riot.

d.

unleashed a torrent of racist language.

b.

stood aside.

e.

refused to budge.

c.

got himself arrested.

a.

was Kennedy’s original idea.

b.

was thoroughly bungled by the CIA.

c.

proved Kennedy’s competence in foreign policy.

d.

weakened the Castro regime.

e.

inspired the United States and the Soviet Union to improve relations.

a.

imposing another Soviet blockade of West Berlin.

b.

sending spy planes over West Germany.

c.

putting nuclear missiles in East Berlin.

d.

erecting the Berlin Wall.

e.

walking out of a summit conference in Vienna.

a.

deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba.

b.

show hard-liners in the Soviet military that Khrushchev was sufficiently tough.

c.

launch an attack upon the United States.

d.

make Castro more dependent on the Soviets.

e.

get Kennedy to let the Soviets have West Berlin.

a.

led to a United States–backed invasion of Cuba.

b.

showed Kennedy’s tendency to back down in a tense confrontation.

c.

ended the cold war.

d.

brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war.

e.

saw the United States destroy some missile sites with surgical air strikes.

a.

removal of the Soviet missiles from Cuba.

b.

the installation of a “hot line” between Moscow and Washington.

c.

the removal of American missiles from Turkey.

d.

an easing of cold war tensions.

e.

a U.S.–Soviet agreement to scrap nuclear weapons.

a.

Diem’s land reforms were undercutting the Communists.

b.

Kennedy was increasing the number of American military advisers.

c.

American troops were regularly involved in combat.

d.

the Viet Cong captured several major cities.

e.

the French had returned to assist the South Vietnamese.

a.

Buddhists.

d.

American diplomats.

b.

Socialists.

e.

French-speaking Vietnamese elites.

c.

Muslims.

a.

the primary suspect was Lee Harvey Oswald.

b.

Jack Ruby shot and killed the suspected assassin.

c.

the Warren Commission concluded there may have been multiple gunmen.

d.

it occurred in Dallas on November 22, 1963.

e.

many of the related events were watched on television.

a.

had a humble and modest character.

b.

was a fairly typical southern conservative.

c.

may have been involved in the assassination.

d.

like Kennedy, had been born into wealth and privilege.

e.

genuinely cared about the disadvantaged in society.

a.

balance the federal budget.

b.

give more power to the states.

c.

break the logjam in Congress that had blocked Kennedy’s legislative efforts.

d.

redistribute wealth and income.

e.

reduce the bloated power of the executive branch of government.

a.

was in response to a Viet Cong attack on an American military base.

b.

deeply divided the country.

c.

allowed Johnson to escalate the war.

d.

authorized American naval aggression off the coast of North Vietnam.

e.

passed Congress over Johnson’s veto.

a.

outlawed segregation in public facilities.

b.

strengthened the Democratic party in the South.

c.

was reluctantly supported by Johnson.

d.

passed Congress with minimal opposition.

e.

ended racism in the United States.

a.

racism.

d.

poverty.

b.

teen pregnancy.

e.

drugs.

c.

illegal aliens.

a.

True Deal.

d.

Great Society.

b.

New Frontier.

e.

New America.

c.

New Beginning.

a.

promised to manage New Deal programs more effectively than the Democrats had.

b.

said he would use diplomacy to settle the conflict in Vietnam.

c.

offered a sharply conservative alternative to Johnson’s policies.

d.

endorsed Johnson’s achievements on civil rights.

e.

represented Eisenhower-style “moderate Republicanism.”

a.

Republicans continued to carry the Deep South.

b.

Republicans made gains in both houses of Congress.

c.

voters approved Johnson’s pledge to escalate the war in Vietnam.

d.

Goldwater lost but did better than expected.

e.

voters expressed their desire for even more radical domestic reform.

a.

Medicare and Medicaid.

b.

funds for urban renewal and public housing.

c.

anti-poverty aid to Appalachia.

d.

government guarantee of full employment.

e.

massive federal aid to education.

a.

Martin Luther King Jr.

d.

Mary McLeod Bethune.

b.

Francis Perkins.

e.

Malcolm X.

c.

Robert C. Weaver.

a.

the unemployed.

d.

single mothers and their children.

b.

all Americans.

e.

the handicapped.

c.

the elderly.

a.

favored immigration from Europe as compared to other parts of the world.

b.

removed quotas based on national origin.

c.

removed annual limits on how many could enter the United States.

d.

decreased foreign immigration.

e.

were designed to increase American access to cheap labor.

a.

practically eliminated poverty.

b.

generated middle-class resentment that benefited the Republicans.

c.

kept the United States from devoting sufficient funds to the war in Vietnam.

d.

had practically no effect on poverty levels.

e.

proved that government was incapable of improving society.

a.

was passed by Congress over Johnson’s opposition.

b.

ended black protest movements.

c.

dramatically expanded black votes in the South.

d.

made the South more strongly Democratic.

e.

was successfully resisted in the Deep South.

a.

was the American attempt to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

b.

was a major victory for the Viet Cong.

c.

resulted in Saigon’s fall to the Communists.

d.

inspired Johnson to dramatically raise troop levels in Vietnam.

e.

dramatically affected public support for Johnson’s war policy.

a.

occurred largely in urban areas.

b.

started when white mobs attacked blacks.

c.

resulted from blacks being denied the vote.

d.

were led by the Black Panthers.

e.

proved the increasing irrelevance of Martin Luther King Jr.

a.

passive nonviolence.

d.

black capitalism.

b.

black communism.

e.

black power.

c.

massive integration.

a.

said blacks should be proud of their African heritage.

b.

was killed by a white racist during a speech in Harlem.

c.

headed the Black Panthers.

d.

supported the nonviolent tactics of Martin Luther King Jr.

e.

was a militant black Christian.

a.

soldiers.

d.

ministers.

b.

college students.

e.

members of Congress.

c.

Republicans.

a.

was a segregationist Alabama governor

b.

won California’s Democratic primary in 1968

c.

was the first black student at the University of Mississippi

d.

was the first African American cabinet member

e.

won Arizona in 1964 presidential race

f.

wrote The Other America

g.

was elected vice president in 1960

h.

was secretary of state

i.

was the American army commander in Vietnam

j.

became major spokesman for the Black Muslim movement