a.

threatened by rival alliances in Europe and Asia

b.

slipping behind much of the world in technological development

c.

with limited influence beyond its borders

d.

as the world’s only remaining superpower

e.

still preoccupied by the cold war

a.

single mothers

b.

women doctors

c.

New York members of the House of Representatives

d.

Latinos

e.

residents of California

a.

women

b.

immigrants

c.

business owners

d.

poor whites

e.

young black men

a.

Canada

b.

Mexico

c.

India

d.

Korea

e.

Nigeria

a.

transistor

b.

microchip

c.

vacuum tube

d.

fiber-optic line

e.

laser beam

a.

invent the Internet

b.

found Apple Computers

c.

lead the Department of Computer Technology at Harvard

d.

develop personal computer software

e.

establish Amazon.com

a.

unlike the Moral Majority, tended to favor Democrats

b.

founded a national chain of mega-churches

c.

became a major political force in the 1990s

d.

advocated government anti-poverty programs

e.

was dominated by mainline Protestants such as Methodists and Presbyterians

a.

a major downturn in the economy

b.

the end of the cold war

c.

his lack of a compelling vision for the future

d.

his support for the religious right agenda

e.

the continuing threat of Saddam Hussein to American security

a.

Pat Buchanan

b.

Bob Dole

c.

Newt Gingrich

d.

Pat Robertson

e.

Jack Kemp

a.

attack Bush’s character and fitness for office

b.

claim he would be much tougher on the foreign adversaries of the United States

c.

take more centrist positions to win middle-class white votes

d.

move leftward to win huge majorities among women and minorities

e.

stick to his principles no matter what the political cost might be

a.

give Clinton an easy political victory

b.

protect American industries such as steel and textiles

c.

reward Clinton’s supporters in organized labor

d.

promote freer trade with Canada and Mexico

e.

send American jobs overseas

a.

the need to contain soaring medical costs

b.

the huge number of people without health insurance

c.

the costs to businesses of insuring their employees

d.

successful health-insurance programs in other advanced countries

e.

the support of drug companies and the insurance industry for reform

a.

was partially approved

b.

was shot down in Congress

c.

increased his already impressive approval ratings

d.

was a minor part of his legislative agenda

e.

would make doctors federal employees

a.

Kenneth Starr

b.

Newt Gingrich

c.

Dick Cheney

d.

Pat Buchanan

e.

Alan Greenspan

a.

aimed to reduce big government and limit the welfare state

b.

was enacted by the new Republican Congress

c.

gave the Republicans a winning platform in the 1996 election

d.

revived the moderate Republicanism of the Eisenhower era

e.

stated general principles, but lacked specific proposals

a.

was opposed by the Republicans

b.

was applauded by liberals

c.

limited the amount of time one could receive welfare payments

d.

quickly began to lower poverty rates

e.

significantly increased federal funding for welfare

a.

declining worker productivity

b.

surging stock prices

c.

low unemployment

d.

federal budget surpluses

e.

a proliferation of dot-com enterprises

a.

capital punishment

b.

government spending

c.

church-state separation

d.

affirmative action

e.

sexual freedom

a.

his long history of improper sexual behavior

b.

lying about his relationship with a White House intern

c.

using public office to illegally enrich himself

d.

improper hiring and firing practices in the White House

e.

trying to pressure members of a grand jury

a.

Clinton was completely exonerated

b.

the Senate convicted Clinton of obstruction of justice

c.

Clinton had no influence for the rest of his presidency

d.

Clinton was impeached

e.

the personal lives of presidents were declared to be off-limits

a.

Egypt

b.

Syria

c.

Lebanon

d.

Jordan

e.

the PLO

a.

the poverty of the region

b.

conflict over supplies of petroleum

c.

the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991

d.

German and Italian ambitions in the area

e.

conflict between Orthodox Christians and Catholics

a.

Bosnia

b.

Somalia

c.

Haiti

d.

Kosovo

e.

Northern Ireland

a.

American military power

b.

globalization

c.

government regulation of trade

d.

the breakup of the Soviet Union

e.

the falling cost of transportation

a.

emphasized how different a president he would be from his father

b.

promised he would be known as the environmental president

c.

stated his opposition to “nation building” overseas

d.

promised to attack and “take out” Saddam Hussein

e.

accused Al Gore of being a tool of the oil industry

a.

Iowa

b.

Texas

c.

California

d.

Ohio

e.

Florida

a.

new environmental regulations

b.

health-care reform

c.

term limits

d.

a tax cut

e.

banking industry regulation

a.

schools and districts to meet certain learning standards

b.

teacher salaries to be dramatically increased

c.

less standardized testing

d.

schools to focus on teaching moral values

e.

more parental involvement in the education of their children

a.

the world’s remaining Communist countries such as Cuba

b.

left-of-center governments in Latin America

c.

neo-Nazis in Germany and eastern Europe

d.

shadowy terrorist organizations

e.

computer hackers and other high-tech saboteurs

a.

paralyze the United States in fear and disunity

b.

kill about 3,000 people

c.

include the Pentagon as a target

d.

destroy the twin towers of the World Trade Center

e.

turn the lower end of Manhattan into a hellish scene

a.

a wealthy Saudi

b.

leader of al Qaeda

c.

founder and leader of the Taliban

d.

a Muslim extremist

e.

a fanatical enemy of the United States

a.

Pakistan

b.

Iraq

c.

Saudi Arabia

d.

Afghanistan

e.

Iran

a.

being recruited into the military

b.

having the government tap their phones

c.

being exposed to biological warfare

d.

being limited in their choice of reading material

e.

enduring more extensive airport security and screening

a.

close coordination of U.S. foreign policy with the United Nations

b.

preemptive military action against terrorists and terrorist regimes

c.

a determination to contain terrorism by keeping it where it already existed

d.

strengthening America’s nuclear deterrent

e.

using terrorism against terrorists

a.

that country’s presumed threat to the United States

b.

his personal hatred of Saddam Hussein

c.

the need to acquire Iraq’s oil

d.

the desire to make Iraq a democracy

e.

revenge for Iraq’s involvement in the September 11 attacks

a.

Germany

b.

France

c.

Great Britain

d.

Russia

e.

Japan

a.

lasted just a few weeks

b.

resulted in thousands of American deaths

c.

was primarily a series of tank battles

d.

was won strictly through air assaults

e.

required the use of some small nuclear weapons

a.

the country soon became peaceful and stable

b.

Saddam Hussein escaped to Syria

c.

no weapons of mass destruction were found

d.

U.S. troop levels were reduced to about 10,000

e.

terrorists fled that country for other locations

a.

Al Gore

b.

John Edwards

c.

Howard Dean

d.

John Kerry

e.

Hillary Clinton

a.

clearly unqualified

b.

safely conservative

c.

soon voting with the Court’s liberals

d.

rejected by the Senate

e.

openly supportive of abortion rights

a.

devastated the Texas Gulf coast

b.

caused the most deaths of any natural disaster in American history

c.

destroyed much of New Orleans

d.

brought an efficient response from government at all levels

e.

again allowed Bush to show his leadership skills during crisis

a.

the fact that it made landfall on a weekend

b.

lack of warning that a major storm was coming

c.

the failure of antiquated roads and bridges

d.

coastal development that had destroyed wetlands

e.

cooler-than-normal Gulf waters that August

a.

renewed confidence and vigor

b.

growing public disapproval

c.

a series of legislative victories

d.

continued Republican unity

e.

serious attempts of impeachment

a.

U.S. combat troops should be withdrawn from Iraq as Iraqi troops were prepared to replace them

b.

President Bush was wrong in deciding to invade Iraq in the first place

c.

Iraq should be divided into semi-independent states governed by Kurds, Sunnis, and Shiites

d.

the United States should immediately cut its losses by leaving Iraq

e.

as soon as Iraq was stable, the United States should invade Iran and install a democratic government there

a.

Americans once more began to support our involvement there

b.

the Iraqi government became a model of democracy

c.

attacks on American troops stopped

d.

the war in Iraq dramatically decreased in its monetary cost

e.

levels of violence in Iraq declined

a.

subprime loans

b.

rising home prices

c.

people purchasing homes with large down payments

d.

speculative behavior

e.

recovery from the 2001 recession

a.

affected only some reckless speculators

b.

proved the virtue of free-market capitalism

c.

sent bank profits soaring, given all the homes they were able to acquire through foreclosure

d.

froze credit and provoked a recession

e.

had long been predicted by the Bush administration

a.

plummeting stock prices

b.

fuel shortages and long lines at gas stations

c.

a drying up of illegal immigration

d.

a large number of bankers being sent to prison

e.

growing public support for socialism

a.

state publicly that nothing could be done until the markets corrected themselves

b.

support a federal bailout of the banking industry

c.

put the unemployed to work building roads and bridges

d.

say he had lost faith in the free-enterprise system

e.

blame it on Americans being greedy and not saving

a.

with warm feelings and nostalgia

b.

in a fair and balanced manner

c.

as one underestimated for its achievements

d.

as better than that of his father

e.

as one of the worst in American history

a.

Barack Obama

b.

Joe Biden

c.

Al Gore

d.

John Edwards

e.

Hillary Clinton

a.

was a former community organizer

b.

is biracial

c.

was born in Kenya

d.

went to Harvard Law School

e.

was a U.S. senator from Illinois

a.

was a U.S. senator from Colorado

b.

was tortured in North Vietnam as a POW

c.

was a favorite of Republican conservatives

d.

promised to continue President Bush’s economic policies

e.

found his age to be a great advantage when compared with that of Obama

a.

health care

b.

Iraq

c.

the war on terror

d.

the economic crisis

e.

illegal immigration

a.

those over sixty-five

b.

Hispanics

c.

blacks

d.

first-time voters

e.

those under thirty

a.

lost much of his public support

b.

was emulating Franklin Roosevelt

c.

showed his inexperience

d.

worsened economic conditions

e.

won the support of a good number of Republicans in Congress

a.

rejected by Congress

b.

noncontroversial

c.

immediately successful in ending the recession

d.

tax cuts for the wealthy

e.

a huge economic stimulus package

a.

was an Alaska governor admired by religious conservatives

b.

carried Florida by 537 votes in 2000

c.

became House Speaker as a result of the 2006 election

d.

was the independent counsel who prosecuted Bill Clinton

e.

finished third in 1992 and 1996 presidential elections

f.

authored the Contract with America

g.

was appointed secretary of state by Barack Obama

h.

was the Federal Reserve Board chairman

i.

was a Supreme Court chief justice

j.

was a central figure in a major sex scandal