a.

many of the progressive reforms still seemed unattainable

b.

intellectuals became disillusioned because of the anti-evolution movement

c.

radicals and pacifists became disenchanted with America’s entrance into the Great War and the war’s aftermath

d.

the middle class became more interested in business than reform

e.

Prohibition was unpopular

a.

the smear campaign directed against Democratic candidate A. Mitchell Palmer

b.

the fact that Americans in the 1920s were “tired of issues, sick at heart of ideals, and weary of being noble”

c.

southerners who expressed their displeasure at President Wilson’s policies by voting Republican

d.

the lack of women voters in the election

e.

the lack of African American voters in the election

a.

rivaled Charlie Chaplin in box office receipts in the 1920s

b.

directed Herbert Hoover’s rise to the presidency

c.

was a group of angry young men in a short story by Sinclair Lewis about the consumer culture

d.

hosted the first national radio program

e.

was a group of President Harding’s friends who were named to political office

a.

made it easier for other nations to sell to the United States

b.

made it harder for other nations to sell to the United States

c.

made it easier for other nations to repay their war debts

d.

led Americans to cut back on loans and investments abroad

e.

had virtually no effect on the average American, but significantly limited businesses

a.

favored retaining the high wartime level of taxation in order to build up the public treasury

b.

favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation, but mainly for the rich

c.

favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation, but mainly for the poor and middle class

d.

persuaded Congress to drop the personal income tax instituted under Wilson

e.

supported the calling in of all loans to Europe

a.

showed his support for regulation by pressuring Congress to pass stricter laws

b.

named conservative advocates of big business to head the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission

c.

and his administration brought a record number of suits against corporations

d.

named Robert La Follette, a former leading progressive, to head a government commission to investigate unfair business practices

e.

appointed former president William Howard Taft as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court

a.

led to an attempt to impeach Harding that fell just four votes short of success in the House of Representatives

b.

concerned a corrupt U.S. customs official who had regularly allowed Chinese imports into the country duty-free

c.

was the impeachment of the attorney general for fraudulent handling of German assets seized after World War I

d.

was his fathering a child out of wedlock

e.

involved the leasing of government-owned oil deposits to private companies

a.

was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924

b.

invented the radio

c.

starred in The Jazz Singer

d.

was the first head of the Federal Communications Commission

e.

was one of the first great liberal Democrats

a.

a continuation of the post–World War I economic slump

b.

continued tax breaks for the lower and middle classes at the expense of the upper class

c.

prosperity

d.

the creation of the Internal Revenue and Tariff Commission, which drastically reformed taxation formulas and duty lists

e.

a slow economic downturn

a.

passenger rail service

b.

automobiles

c.

radios

d.

home appliances

e.

motion pictures

a.

was aided by Henry Ford’s mass-production innovations

b.

encouraged the sprawl of suburbs

c.

quickened the good-roads movement

d.

opened Alaska to tourism

e.

sparked real-estate booms

a.

endorsed strict laissez-faire policies to allow businesses to govern themselves

b.

supported the trade-association movement

c.

pushed for stricter regulation of big business in order to protect individual Americans

d.

spent most of his time preparing for a run at the presidency

e.

supported trust-busting legislation and Justice Department lawsuits

a.

were subsidized by the federal government

b.

kept at their high wartime levels

c.

kept at their low wartime levels

d.

fell sharply

e.

rose sharply

a.

airplane

b.

telephone

c.

television

d.

refrigerator

e.

automobile

a.

called for dumping surplus crops on the world market in order to raise domestic prices

b.

failed to pass Congress in 1922 but passed in 1927 with the support of President Coolidge

c.

effectively raised domestic commodity prices

d.

was viewed with derision by American farmers

e.

is correctly represented by all the above statements

a.

agreed to submit all grievances to an arbitration panel whose decision was binding

b.

forced workers to agree to stay out of unions

c.

agreed to hire only union workers

d.

forced workers to sign a statement that they would vote the Democratic ticket

e.

agreed to automatic wage increases in return for the workers’ promise not to strike

a.

won a number of important victories in the Supreme Court

b.

gained about 1.5 million members

c.

lost about 1.5 million members

d.

were helped by the prosperity of the decade

e.

enjoyed the support of Republican presidents

a.

It originated in Chicago.

b.

It allowed employers to hire nonunion workers.

c.

It established open shops.

d.

It could be effectively used to discriminate against unions.

e.

It promised a more democratic work environment than most other shops.

a.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

b.

Herbert Hoover

c.

Rex Tugwell

d.

Al Smith

e.

Harry Truman

a.

The gold standard caused a tightening of currency supplies worldwide.

b.

Corporate structures had been bloated by the success of the 1920s but were unprepared for the tightening of the economy.

c.

Andrew Mellon was overconfident in the power of market capitalism to right itself.

d.

Much of the profits that had been taken during the 1920s had been put back into companies rather than saved or invested in other ways.

e.

A decline in the public consumption of goods led to a lower rate of investment in new plants.

a.

the high rate of deflation in the 1920s

b.

the tax policies of the 1920s that hurt the wealthy, who might otherwise have bought more stocks

c.

the buying of great amounts of stock on margin

d.

the low tariff, which allowed imports to corner several important American markets

e.

the remarkably poor returns on government bonds in 1929

a.

“the best president money could buy”

b.

“a fool”

c.

“the best president in modern times”

d.

“a decent and honorable person”

e.

“Wonder Boy”

a.

13,000

b.

130,000

c.

1.3 million

d.

13 million

e.

1.3 billion

a.

cutbacks in public works, to shore up the public treasury

b.

a stricter credit policy by the Federal Reserve, to stop the flow of “easy money” available for speculation

c.

an increase in aid to farmers, to allow them to produce more

d.

asking businessmen to maintain wages and avoid layoffs, in order to keep purchasing power strong

e.

extending federal loans to individuals

a.

Herbert Hoover was soundly defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt

b.

Herbert Hoover won a second term as president, but by a very small margin

c.

Republicans won a majority in the House of Representatives

d.

Democrats won a majority in the House of Representatives

e.

the House of Representatives, Senate, and presidency remained in the hands of the incumbent parties

a.

New York’s Chase Manhattan Bank closed, increasing investors’ panic and setting off runs on other banks

b.

Austria’s largest bank closed, triggering a panic that swept through Europe and caused European investors to withdraw their American gold and dump their American securities

c.

a drought in the Midwest caused crop failures that raised food prices and increased panic

d.

the tax increase of 1928 took effect, suddenly lessening the purchasing power of the average consumer

e.

the stock market crashed again, this time with even more force than the 1929 collapse

a.

was created over Hoover’s veto

b.

did little to prevent bankruptcies

c.

was criticized for its alleged favoritism to farmers and workers

d.

was an initiative of Franklin Roosevelt as governor of New York

e.

offered emergency loans to banks, farm mortgage associations, building-and-loan societies, and other such businesses

a.

gave direct aid to individuals suffering during the Depression

b.

refused to allow any state to give aid

c.

was passed only after the vice president broke a tie in the Senate

d.

avoided a direct dole to individuals

e.

provided state but not local aid

a.

consisted of angry farmers who sometimes acted outside the law to prevent the foreclosure of mortgages on their farms

b.

toured the country to create support for the Communist party

c.

marched on Washington in an attempt to get immediate payment of a veterans’ bonus that Congress had approved in 1924

d.

was a special division within the army created to help local authorities deal with disturbances

e.

marched in protest of large dividends being paid to the wealthy by the federal government

a.

energetic government

b.

patriotism

c.

normalcy

d.

experimentation

e.

progressivism

a.

Herbert Hoover

b.

Calvin Coolidge

c.

Charles Evans Hughes

d.

Albert Fall

e.

Andrew Mellon

a.

the fact that he died while in office

b.

the poor state of the economy while he was president

c.

his promotion of the arts and culture

d.

the scandals that plagued it

e.

its overwhelming popularity with the American people

a.

was supported by the Socialists and organized labor

b.

resulted in one of the best third-party showings in history

c.

was as the candidate for the Progressive party

d.

is correctly represented by all of the above statements

e.

is represented by none of the above statements

a.

radio

b.

television

c.

personal computers

d.

tape recorders

e.

automobiles

a.

his invention of the airplane

b.

his solo flight from New York to California

c.

disappearing during his attempt to fly around the world

d.

his automotive speed records

e.

his solo flight across the Atlantic

a.

It involved textile workers in North Carolina.

b.

Communists were active leaders in the strike and in the union.

c.

Violence resulted in at least two deaths.

d.

The strikers won higher pay and union recognition.

e.

It resulted in the acceptance of unionism throughout the South.

a.

a New Yorker and a Catholic

b.

a boring public speaker

c.

a member of the Ku Klux Klan

d.

a supporter of Prohibition

e.

an actor

a.

California

b.

Florida

c.

Texas

d.

Colorado

e.

France

a.

got Congress to approve immediate payment of their bonuses

b.

put them to work building schools and roads

c.

sent the U.S. Army to evict them from their Hooverville

d.

promised them that prosperity was just around the corner

e.

met with them personally at the White House to hear their concerns

a.

Charles Evans Hughes

b.

Andrew Mellon

c.

Henry Wallace

d.

Calvin Coolidge

e.

Albert Fall

a.

civil rights

b.

economic development

c.

government oversight

d.

business regulation

e.

bank development

a.

increasing tariff levels

b.

lowering taxes for the wealthy

c.

supporting progressive legislation

d.

rolling back governmental oversight of business

e.

the Veterans Bureau scandal

a.

Warren Harding

b.

Calvin Coolidge

c.

Herbert Hoover

d.

Franklin Roosevelt

e.

Woodrow Wilson

a.

It drew the rural South and West together in defense of agriculture.

b.

It was passed by both houses of Congress, but vetoed by President Coolidge.

c.

It promised to export agricultural surpluses internationally in order to stabilize the domestic farm market.

d.

It was supported by Coolidge as a way to empower farmers.

e.

It was intended to raise domestic farm prices.

a.

were used by employers to restrict union membership

b.

required membership in a labor union in order to work in certain trades

c.

enforced the idea of an open shop

d.

restricted the ability of a company to control its workers

e.

increased union membership by millions

a.

a general weakening of anti-union forces

b.

ongoing frustration between the workers and management of Loray Mill

c.

the violent crushing of the strike by the National Guard

d.

an era of strong labor unions

e.

the deaths of dozens of women and children

a.

gave business leaders an opportunity to share information

b.

allowed businessmen to more accurately foresee developments

c.

allowed for price fixing among companies

d.

was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1925

e.

successfully blocked all monopolistic practices

a.

Hoover’s tax policies

b.

the weak foundation of the 1920s economy

c.

international monetary policy

d.

unethical practices on Wall Street

e.

union influences on business

a.

cash

b.

food

c.

welfare

d.

confidence

e.

private investment

a.

Robert M. La Follette barely won the nomination of a faction-ridden Republican party

b.

the Democratic candidate almost upset the Republican candidate

c.

Calvin Coolidge swept both the popular and electoral votes by decisive majorities

d.

A. Mitchell Palmer was the Democratic candidate

e.

Herbert Hoover challenged Coolidge for the Republican nomination

a.

was the secretary of the treasury

b.

was a movie director

c.

was the secretary of the interior

d.

cleared out “rioting” veterans from Washington in summer of 1932

e.

died in 1923

f.

wrote American Individualism

g.

was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920

h.

was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928

i.

was a Supreme Court chief justice

j.

was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924