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Sociology

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1. Stigmatized individuals who attempt to expand the category of innocent victim to include themselves are using the _________ strategy: 

 

2. When we label ourselves through personal and social identity, and act in ways that reinforce that identity, we are using which element of identity?: 

 

 

3. The two main things that must be present when deviant acts involve groups are:

4. When a person accepts the the deviant identity as their own, this is called what?: 

 

 

5. The Elements of a Deviant Identity include:

 

 

6. Personal attribution strategies are within which stage of the Continuum of Stigma Management?:

 

7. Scully and Marolla, in explaining Scott and Lyman’s distinction between excuses and justifications, note that justifications:

 

 

8. Which of the following techniques of neutralization fit the example, “I didn’t really hurt anyone”?: 

 

 

 

9. In addition to Sykes and Matza’s original five techniques of neutralization, Coleman learns that shoplifters use which one of the following additional techniques?:

 

 

10. A status cue is defined in Degher and Hughes’ study as:

 

 

11. When a student caught cheating says that the professor made the test too difficult, and that the whole grading system is unfair, this is an example of:

 

 

12. One of the primary reasons for individuals to use excuses or justifications is so that they might maintain a: 

 

 

13. When someone does a deviant act only once, and it is not part of their identity, this is referred to as: 

 

 

14. All of the following are examples of excuses EXCEPT for:

 

 

15. Those people who have revealed or can't hide their deviancy are referred to by Goffman as _____________:

 

 

16. Deviant individuals will often ________ to avoid certain labels and being identified:

 

17. The term “recognizing” refers to the cognitive process whereby a person:

 

 

18. Acceptance of a deviant status and the attached stigma is an example of __________:

 

 

19. Scully and Marolla, in explaining Scott and Lyman’s distinction between excuses and justifications, note that excuses:

 

 

20. My father beat me when I was a kid, so that is why I beat my kids is an example of which type of justification?:  

 

 

21. Discreditable deviants utilize all of the following in stigma management except: 

 

22. Police can sometimes engage in an informal policy of _____________ young minorities as probable perpetrators of crime.

 

23. In America, the land of the free and home of the brave, which of the following may give cause to question whether we are as free as we would like to think we are?:

 

24. Discrimination involves:

 

25. Street crimes are often punished with stiffer penalties than white collar crimes because of their:

 

26. Adler-Adler found that people become involved in self-injury for the following reasons:

 

27. Most deviant groups are comprised of members with a(n):
 

28. A major characteristic contributing to criminal organizations is their willingness to ---------  to promote and protect their interests.

 

29. The rise of better-organized, internationally based criminal groups is creating: