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1) When psychologists use random assignment: Participants in the experimental group only are assigned randomly to either the experimental or control condition

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1) When psychologists use random assignment:

Participants in the experimental group only are assigned randomly to either the experimental or control condition.

Participants in the control group only are assigned randomly to either the experimental or control condition

Both experimental and control participants are assigned randomly to either the experimental or control condition.

Certain variables in the experiment are selected at random

2) Medical treatments that are described as effective 80% of the time are viewed more positively than those that are described as failing 20% of the time. This difference in perception arises from:

A framing effect

The availabilty heuristic

An algorithm

Functional fixedness