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Homework answers / question archive / 1) A theory is falsifiable when: It is based on correlations It can be criticized by other researchers
1) A theory is falsifiable when:
It is based on correlations
It can be criticized by other researchers.
It is subject to tests that can possibly disconfirm it.
It predicts an outcome.
2) Descriptive Statistics:
organize and summarize research data.
allow determination of statistical significance.
allow researchers to draw inferences about their results.
show how likely it is that a study's results occurred merely by chance.
3) In a Skinner box, rats initially do not know that pressing the bar will get them some food. The psychologists reward the rats when they get close to the bar, even if they do not press it at first. This is called:
Classical Conditioning
Negative Reinforcement
Shaping
Schedule of Reinforcement
4) APA ethical standards require researchers to:
avoid double-blind studies.
avoid the use of deception.
limit the use of volunteers as subjects.
obtain informed consent from subjects.
5) "Positive reinforcement increases the frequency of a behavior and negative reinforcement decreases it." Is that statement true?
Sometimes
Always
Never
That depends on the situation
Answer:
1) Flasification of a theory can only be done when that theory can be tested in a applied context and thus, through those tests there are chances of that theory to be disproven or rejected on applied ground. Thus, the correct answer is Option C.
2)Descriptive statistics mainly deals with the average scores of the data gathered and other scores such as median as well as mode of that data. Through these statistics, the data can be summarised in order to get an organized knowledge of the gathered research data. Thus, the correct answer is Option A.
3)In Skinner's experiment, every small steps taken by the rat towards the main goal of bar pressing is reinforced in order to guide the rat through these rewards towards the right way. These procedure is called shaping. Thus, the correct answer is Option C.
4) There are various standards of ethics which are needed to be maintained and followed according to the APA rules. These ethics always needs the researchers to take permission of involvement from the participants to get involved in the research. Deceiving the participants is also not allowed always but at times slight deceptions are needed and at those times, the researcher needs to debrief the client about it. Thus, the main requisite among the options provided is the 'Informed consent' in which the participants are informed about what will happen in the research and the participant's permission are taken into account. Thus, the correct answer is Option D.
5) Reinforcement always increases any particular behaviour by adding or removing some elements. It never decreases a behaviour which happens in case of punishment. Thus, the correct answer is Option C.
