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Each of the following processes involves sampling from a population

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Each of the following processes involves sampling from a population. Dentine the population, and state whether it is tangible or conceptual.

a. A chemical process is run 15 times, and the yield is measured each time.

b. A pollster samples 1000 registered voters in a certain state and asks them which candidate they support for governor.

c. In a clinical trial to test a new drug that is designed to lower cholesterol, 100 people with high cholesterol levels are recruited to try the new drug.

d. Eight concrete specimens are constructed from a new formulation, and the compressive strength of each is measured.

e. A quality engineer needs to estimate the percentage of bolts manufactured on a certain day that meet a strength specification. At 3:00 in the afternoon he samples the last 100 bolts to be manufactured.

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When we have a big group of subjects that we wish to learn more about, that big group is called the population. More specifically, it is a tangible population since we are working with physical things that we can touch and interact with. We could have, for example, a large bag half full of red marbles and half full of blue marbles; the marbles would be our population. We could then reach in and pull one marble out, record the color, replace the marble, and continue many times to create our sample. We are interacting with physical objects from a population to create our sample.

However, we may also wish to work with something like a coin. We know that a coin has a 50 - 50 chance of coming up heads or tails. We could flip the coin, record the outcome, and flip the coin again and again to create our sample. Just like the bag of marbles, we have a 50 -50 chance of each outcome occurring. The thing is, with the coin, the population does not yet exist. We have to flip the coin to have a result. We still consider "all of the coin flips" to be the population, but it is a conceptual population.

 

a. In this case, we are recording the result after some process happens. The population is all the results we would ever get from this process. This is a conceptual population.

b. The population would be all of the registered voters in the state. This is a tangible population.

c. The population would be all the people with high cholesterol. While this population is very large, it is finite and made of physical people. This is a tangible population.

d. The population is the concrete created from a certain process. The concrete does not exist until we create it in the sampling process, so this is a conceptual population.

e. The population would be all of the bolts created on that day. Since we would have the entire population to work with at the end of the day, this would be a tangible population.

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