Scarcity is an economic foundation and a reality from which humanity cannot escape. All valuable resources are scarce, and we must always pay for products that we consume. Trade exists purely because resources and talents are scarce, and we often work within our limits to produce a surplus of whatever we can to obtain products that we cannot produce ourselves.

Opportunity cost is another economic principle. It refers to all the other choices we reject to make particular purchases. Let us say, for example; you have to decide between spending 400 dollars on a solar or HD camera. Purchasing the solar panel will cost you the potential to unlocking your undiscovered photography talent. Smart consumers make priorities that align with their best interests.

Rational people consume marginally because they only want to pay for personal satisfaction and not a shilling more. People budget to derive the most consumption out of limited resources. In economics, the slightest change in per unit production or consumption causes the total costs to vary. Typically, rational consumers stop consuming when the marginal benefit parallels the marginal cost.

Markets are responsible for resource allocation in free economies. They encourage specialization and cost-effective, surplus production, ensuring that people's diverse needs are met at their own costs. Workers can trade their labor for currencies that help them to acquire whatever their money can buy.

Market forces are responsible for setting commodity prices. Demand and supply are inversely proportional, and commodity prices rise whenever demand increases relative to supply.