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An answer of 1-3 sentences for each question should suffice
An answer of 1-3 sentences for each question should suffice.
- A: All else equal, do bonds with longer or shorter terms to maturity have higher duration? What about coupon rates, do bonds with higher or lower coupon payments have higher duration (all else equal)?
- B: What commonly used method did we discuss to forecast key financial items such as COGS expenses?
- C: Describe how to compute ending loan balance each time period on a loan amortization schedule.
- D: We discussed that we could use a simulation approach to evaluate the merits of a project given uncertainty about future cash flows. What two metrics do we primarily rely on when evaluating whether or not to accept the project in this setting? What values should these metrics take for us to accept the project?
- E: What is the general model we primarily rely on (in this class) to estimate the value of common stock?
- F: Is it generally advisable to conduct a sensitivity analysis when computing a proposed project’s NPV? Why or why not?
- G: What is the most important method when assessing whether to invest in a project? What is the key decision rule for this method (assuming the project is independent)?
- H: What interest rate is used to discount bond cash flows to compute bond price?
Expert Solution
A) Bonds with longer terms and lower coupons have higher duration rates, as these bonds are more sensitive to a change in market interest rates and are thus more volatile.
B) Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) expense is the cost of achieving a gross profit. We may use a simple percentage of sales revenue, by taking past figures of COGS over sales revenue and forecast future percentages from analysing past data.
C) A loan amortization schedule is a table that provides information about periodic payments that need to be made for an amortized loan, in addition to the interest that needs to be paid. We may compute the ending loan balance for each period by considering the periodic payments as annuities, and use thing requisite formula.
D) We may use Net Present Value (NPV) and Interval Rate of Return (IRR) as the decision making criteria. NPV must be greater than 0 for us to accept a project, or higher than the initial investment. Similarly, the IRR percentage must be higher than the cost of capital.
E) Common stock refers to the number of shares present in a company's balance sheet. Calculated using the difference between the number of shares issued and the treasury stock.
F) Yes, it should be used but it is not necessary. It is a ratio of the % change in output to the % change in input, used to measure the degree to which a variable changes.
G) If the project is independent, we may use both NPV and IRR methods. But, NPV>0 is preferred
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