Virtue Ethics and The Natural Law Ethics

The Ethical Theories of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas

ACTIVITY 1: THE CONCEPT                  NAME:                                                                

CORNERS                                            SECTION:                                       

 

Instructions: Apply the concept corners to elaborate the virtue of courage by Aristotle and the concept of law as explained by Aquinas. See the requirements per corner below the chart.

 

CONCEPT CORNERS FOR COURAGE
SYNONYMS	PHRASES
EXAMPLES	CONNECTIONS

 

 

Requirements:

Corner 1: 5 Synonyms: give others words that have exact or similar meaning with the concept of “courage”. Example: daring

Corner      2:    3    Phrases:      Use      the     word                 “courage”  in            a phrase. Example: outrageously courageous.

 

Corner 3: 5 Examples: Think of situations where courage is exemplified. For instance, telling the truth.

 

Corner 4: 5 Connections: Think of activities, places, relationships to which courage is linked or found. Example: friendship.

 

 

 

 

CONCEPT CORNERS FOR LAWS
SYNONYMS	PHRASES
PLACES	CHARACTERS

 

Requirements:

Corner 1: 5 Synonyms: give others words that have exact or similar meaning with the concept of “law”. Example: Rules

 

Corner 2: 3 Phrases: Use the word “law” in a phrase. Example: Law and Order.

 

Corner 3:  5  Places: Think of places where law is exemplified, implemented, or practiced. For instance, Court of Justice.

Corner 4: 5 Characters: Think of people to which the concept of law is linked. Example: Judges.

 

ACTIVITY 2: “ACT IT OUT”                   NAME:                                                                                     

SECTION:                                                   

 

Instructions: Specify the acts needed to be able to attain the following ends. What specific good does the end/goal aims to? Follow the example in the first end/goal.

 

“Every act and purpose seem to aim at some good: and so it has been well said that the good is that at which everything aims.”

 

 

END/GOAL	To what GOOD does the goal aim to?	What specific act/s is necessary to be done to attain such good ?
To have good grades	Acquisition of knowledge	Read books, join academic clubs, interact/participation during class discussions, engage in research and other forms of academic-related activities.
To earn a degree
To be healthy
To find work
To know people

ACTIVITY 3: A PUZZLE FOR                 NAME:                                                                                     

YOUR THOUGHTS              SECTION:                                            

 

Instructions: Below is an activity that would test your concepts’ retention.

 

 

 

Immanuel Kant and the Categorical Imperative

 

ACTIVITY 1:                                      Name: ____                                                               _

POINTS of VIEW                               Section ____                                                                         

Instructions: Conduct an interview with your teachers, parents, friends, or other members of the society (politicians, priests, social workers, etc.) concerning some rules or laws. Ask them why these rules or laws should be absolute or why should they have some exceptions.  Follow  the  format of the  interview sheet below.

 

 

LAWS	WHY SHOULD THERE BE NO EXCEPTIONS?	WHY SHOULD HAVE EXCEPTIONS?
Thou Shall Respect their Parents.
Thou Shall not Lie.
Thou Shall Obey School Authorities.
Thou Shall not Cheat.
Thou shall not Steal.

 

ACTIVITY 2:                                                Name: ____                                                                         _

Where Perfect Duties Matter                       Section                                                                                                                                                                         

 

Instructions: Defend why the following statements fail the test for Categorical Imperative. Cite the perfect duty that arises:

 

1. Suicide is acceptable if caused by misfortunes.

_____                                                                                                        

_____                                                                                                        

_____               

 

2. False promises are acceptable when the promised thing is difficult to perform.

_____                                                                                                        

_____                                                                                                        

_____               

 

3. Think of one’s happiness is permissible if the person has no family.

_____                                                                                                        

_____                                                                                                        

_____               

 

4. Fake news are acceptable to protect important personalities from criticisms.

_____                                                                                                        

_____                                                                                                        

_____               

 

5. Not to return expensive lost items are alright if there are no claimers.

_____                                                                                                        

_____                                                                                                        

_____                                                                                                        

_____               

 

ACTIVITY 3:                                      Name ____                                                                         

Let’s Get Real!                                Section ____                                                                     

 

 

Instructions: Get some news from the internet, magazines, or newspapers that feature individuals and their acts which exemplify the theory of Kant. Classify the news according to the following:

Classification of news	Title of the news/date/writer	Personality involved	Specific Act Bearing Kant’s Ethical Theory
Political
Social
Religious
Entertainment
Economics
Environmental
Education

Pleasure Theory and the Utilitarians

Activity 1.  Organize and Define                Name:                                                                   

Section:                       

 

Instruction: Organize the following words jumbled letters which are related to  the concepts of pleasure  as determinants of morality and provide simple definition of the constructed terms.

 

Jumbled Letters	Constructed Terms	Definition
1.STILITMAURIANIS	UTILITARIANISM
2. DEHOMSIN	HEDONISM
3.GELMEOLOTIS	TELEOLOGISM
4.NUAQTATITIVE	QUANTITATIVE
5.REXMTEE	EXTREME
6.TUALITAIVEQ	QUALITATIVE
7. AINP	PAIN
8.ROTEMADE	MODERATE
8.SLEPEAUR	PLEASURE
10. MADSI	SADISM

Activity 2. Identify and Supply                   Name:                                                                    

Section:                                                       

 

Instruction: Identify the moral dilemma in following situation and supply the most appropriate pleasure based ethical principles to be applied.

 

Situation	Moral Dilemma	Ethical Principle
1. You lost your wallet inside while riding in the jeepney on your way home but your house is only 4 kilometers away from location
2. You have seen your classmate cheating during the exam without being noticed by your teacher and he/she is willing to share his/her answer
3. In the movie  John  Q  hostage the hospital administrators in order to provide treatment to his dying son since he cannot afford to pay the hospital bill
4. Robinhood keep stealing the belongings of rich people to  be given to poor people who worked for the welfare of those rich
5. You are invited  to a birthday party and the venue is a buffet restaurant, and it is your  first time to dine in buffet

Activity 3.  Analyze and Decide                Name:                                                                  

Section:                       

 

Instruction: Analyze the following situations, and decide what actions are you going to make in order to apply the pleasure based ethical principles.

 

Situation	Decision
1. Finding a lost wallet under the car seat of the taxi without any identity
2. Approaching the traffic light in red color in the middle of the night without any cars passing by
3. Taking an exam at the back without being notice by the examiner with the available book on the subject of the exam
4. Seeing the ambulance passing by in the middle of the traffic roads while driving your car you  have  an opportunity to follow
5. Witnessing a crime happened  at your neighbor’s house and you are the only witness available
6. Serving you a lot of food and liquor during your birthday and it is your very day
7. Receiving cash gift  from  your parents more than half of your monthly allowance
8. Violating a traffic rules but the apprehending officer is a family friend of yours who can give you a favor

Justice and Fairness

 

 

 

 

 

Activity 1.  Organize & Evaluate

Name:        Section:         

 

 

Instruction: Organize the following set of word on how it will be distributed fairly using distributive justice theories (Write your answers in the table). State your reason why that word is under that principle. (Put your explanation in the blanks).

 

Jobs	Grades	Exams	Hobbies	Product brand
Relief Goods	Salary	Discounts	Medicine	Dividends
Allowance	Tuition Fees	Work load	Right to Vote	Food

 

 

EQUALITY	CONTRIBUTION	NEEDS AND ABILITIES	FREEDOM	FAIRNESS
1	4	7	10	13
2	5	8	11	14
3	6	9	12	15

 

 

1.                                                                                         

2.                                                                                         

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Activity 2.  Recall and Create                  Name:                                                                     

Section:                       

 

 

Instruction: Recall the different categories and theories of justice, and make a concrete just and fair decision in the following situations. Justify your answer by incorporating or citing those categories and theories.

 

 

Situation:

 

1. You witness a group of your classmates passing a sheet of paper with sure correct answers for the exam without being noticed by your teacher. This group is solid and notorious bully. What is the best and just act to do in this situation?

 

2. Your company received a gift from a supplier. It  is handed  over to  you and you are  the only one knows among your officemates. The gift is only good for 50 employees, but you have 67 employees. As a manager, what are going to do?

 

3. Your teacher is paid by the university in the hourly basis, but she always come late by fifteen (15) minutes which is beyond the grace period, and dismissed the class ten (10) minutes before the time? If you are one of the student checker what are going to do?

 

4. If you are the CEO of the company and you wish to give the five  percent  (5%) company profit, how are you going to distribute the total amount? You may divide it into equal share or across the board increase of P2,000 in their monthly salary despite of  their position and rank in the company, or increase of ten percent (10%) of their existing salary, or even buy gifts to be included in the raffle in company celebration.

 

5. You tasked to distribute the 500 packs of relief  goods which are good for 2 days  meal. When you arrived at the affected areas, there are more than 1,000 people waiting for the donations. How are you going to distribute fairly those goods?

Decision:

 

1.                                                                                         

 

 

 

 

Justification:

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Decision:

 

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Justification:

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Decision:

 

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Justification:

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Decision:

 

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Justification:

4.                                                                                         

 

 

 

 

 

Decision:

5.                                                                                         

 

 

 

 

Justification:

5.                                                                                         

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Activity 3.  Evaluate, Apply, and Create     Name:                                                                    

Section:                                                       

 

 

Instruction: Critique the following issues by sharing your opinion or  personal  view about it. Apply the principle of justice by making a just decision or action.

 

Social Issue	Opinion	Just Decision or Action
Application of Extra Judicial Killing to those involved in the any form of crime particularly drug related cases
Distribution of 4 P’s program of the government to all poorest of the poor
Subsidy of the govern for the tuition fee of the Grade 11 and 12 students during the first 2 years of its implementation

Unfinished infrastructure  projects      of the government despite of   the    release              of overpriced budget
Purchased of books for all public school every 5-10 years.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moral Issue on Utilization of Social Media

 

Activity 1. Find and Remind                      Name:                                                                   

Section:                       

 

MEMORIES

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

WORD

Instruction: Find the words that commonly encounter in the  use  of social networking sites and write a specific event/ moment/ situation/ that reminds about that word.

 

Activity 2.  Select and Reflect                    Name:                                                                   

Section:                       

 

 

 

 

D	F	G	H	J	R	T	Y	A	S
P	D	N	E	T	I	Z	E	N	S
A	R	D	R	F	G	B	N	S	M
B	L	O	G	G	E	R	W	N	P
L	Q	W	F	Q	G	H	F	S	O
G	I	M	N	I	F	G	B	H	S
B	S	K	D	G	L	H	N	A	T
N	W	G	E	J	S	E	H	R	I
C	H	A	T	P	S	W	P	E	N
M	Q	W	T	Q	A	Q	G	I	G
K	T	W	E	E	T	M	E	T	C
C	O	M	M	E	N	T	O	M	E
D	S	D	F	G	H	J	K	R	Q
U	P	L	O	A	D	E	D	W	E
S	D	A	O	F	H	J	K	J	D

Instruction: Select if the given statement is applicable to you or not and reflect why you do it or not by supplying your reason/s.

 

 

Activity 3.  Qualify and Justify                  Name:                                                                   

 

Statement	YES	NO	REASON
I always use my cellphone and other gadgets to have daily access to social networking sites
I am fun of posting my daily experience in facebook, twitter, and others applications
I like and share to my  friends the message, photo, or video posted my friends
I post my comment or suggestions on the message posted by any of my friends in facebook
I react on the wrong information posted in the social media
I post whatever  feelings  or ideas about the comments of my friends
I block and unfriend the people who make negative  comment or post reactions in my posts in the social media
I easily affected by the message, comments, reaction of my friends and  common friends that appear in my timeline
I always find time to be updated of the current issues and trend feed by social media
I find social media as powerful tool of communication and influence to other people

Section:                       

 

Instruction: Choose the activities of the people that qualify as moral act in  your personal viewpoint and state reason/s to justify your answer.

 

Activities	Moral	Immoral	Justification
1. Posting of photos and videos of good memories with friends
2. React immediately in the comment/s without knowing the whole story
3. Like and share the messages without understanding its content
4. Make public post  of  the negative feelings against the person without mentioning or dropping any name
5. View and share trending video scandal or other controversial issues
6. Sending written message to relatives of friends  than talking them personally  to discuss sensitive matter or issue.
7. Accepting  all friend  requests including the stranger’s friend request
8. Uploaded video of  the witnesses event/s and post comments which are subject to multiple interpretations
9. Using cellphones  while attending religious celebration or eating together with family
10. Create personal video scandal to become viral online  as  a form of rebellion against strict parents

Faith and Religion

Activity 1.  Organize and Define                Name:                                                                   

Section:                       

 

Instruction: Find and encircle the words used in this topic in the  given  cross  word puzzle and define it within the context of the discussion.

 

D

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Terms	Definition
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

K

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D

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P

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Activity 2.  Interpret and Solve                  Name:                                                                   

Section:                       

 

Instruction: Match column A with column B and give the meaning of matched terms by giving specific example.

 

Column A	Column B
Good	Hell
Existence	War
Being	Bad
Right	Immoral
Moral	Hate
Reward	Non-existence
Heaven	Nothing
Just	Wrong
Love	Unjust
Peace	Punishment

 

 

 

 

 

Match Words	Example
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.

 

 

Activity 3.  Match and Explain                   Name:                                                                   

Section:                       

 

Instruction: Decide whether the given statement is true or applicable to you by putting check (              ) in a given column, and write your justification for your answer.

 

STATEMENT	YES	NO	JUSTIFICATION
1. I strengthen my faith in God   through prayers.
2. I believe that God is always there even I am not thinking about Him.
3.     God          moves in mysterious ways.
4. I become moral because of God’s existence.
5. Religion control the mindset of the people.
6. Morality  is impossible without the existence of religion.
7. Morality is driven by faith not by religion.
8. Man has capacity to act morally  even without the concept of God and religion.
9. Religion is the basis of morality.
10. I become moral as long as I adhere to the laws, principles, and norms of my religion.