Homework answers / question archive / QUESTION 1 [15 MARKS] The following graph appears online in the New York Times article “How Much Warmer Was Your City in 2019?” published on 17 January 2020

QUESTION 1 [15 MARKS] The following graph appears online in the New York Times article “How Much Warmer Was Your City in 2019?” published on 17 January 2020

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QUESTION 3 [8       

Suppose, for the data set mydata.csv containing information on a stratified random sample of people by location, you want to produce a publication standard trellis plot for the variables height (cm) and weight (kg) with gender (Male, Female) recorded at five locations (Albury, Casino, Cooma, Eden, Narrabri) in New South Wales. 

 

1. Provide sample code for reading the data into R. Make sure you state any packages you use to do this.
2. Provide a rough sketch of the trellis graphic you wish to produce.
3. Discuss how you would handle missing values. Provide sample code for doing this.
4. Explain how you would use the R package ggplot2 to produce this trellis plot. Provide sample code for doing this.

 

QUESTION 4 [16 MARKS]

The table below information about the 780 convicts on the First Fleet who departed England on 13 May 1787 arriving to the first settlement in Australia between 19 January 1788 and 20 January 1788. Some convicts had their original death sentence commuted to transportation and so were on the First Fleet.

(Source: http://firstfleet.uow.edu.au/search.html)

 

		Gender
	Male		Female

          Original Sentence      

Ship   Death Transportation Death Transportation Total

Alexander     63        149      0          0          212

Charlotte       36        51        6          14        107

Friendship     31        45        6          15        97

Lady Penrhyn            0          0          23        79        102

Prince of Wales        0          1          5          45        51

Scarborough 74        137      0          0          211

 

1. Produce a Mosaic plot of this data. Show all intermediate steps.
2. What can you conclude from your mosaic plot? Please answer in less than 100 words.

 

 

QUESTION 5 [6       

The following figure comes from the article “Ecosystem decay exacerbates biodiversity with habitat loss” by Jonathan M. Chase, Shane A. Blowes, Tiffany M. Knight, Katharina Gerstner and Felix May published in Nature, Volume 584, pages 238-243 (2020).

 

 

(Source: https://www-nature-com.simsrad.net.ocs.mq.edu.au/articles/s41586-020-2531-2)

1. Comment on plot b (has “Standardized nestedness ~ fragment size slope” on horizontal axis). 
2. Assess whether the straight line model fitted to the data in plot b. can be used to make inference. Justify your answer. 
3. Do you think a better model can be fitted to the data in plot b? If you think a better model can be fitted explain what it is. Justify your answers.

 

 

 

 

             

QUESTION 6 [8       

For the following scenarios describe the most appropriate statistical graph/s to use. Give reasons for your choice.

 

1. Skulls are the most commonly found material of marine mammals and can be found in natural history museums. A researcher has recorded various skull measurements on South African fur seals, which are of interest in determining relationships useful for predicting the age of future South African fur seals skulls from easily made physical measurements. The age of South African fur seals is determined from the counts of incremental lines observed in the dentine of tooth sections. For each skull the researcher takes ten linear measurements as well as assessing age from a tooth section. The researcher wants to assess which of these ten measurements which are easier to obtain, are useful to predict the age. These ten measurements are all recorded in millimetres.

 

2. Three similar products have ratings collated from a popular product review website along with gender. One star is the lowest rating that can be given and five stars is the highest rating.  This website does not allow half stars. 

 

3. Seven hundred dogs are being sampled and the following characteristics are being recorded: height (cm), length (cm), weight (kg), body structure (ectomorphic, endomorphic, mesomorphic), personality trait (Neurotic, Extroverted, Dominant, Impulsive, Agreeable).

 

4. Daily rainfall data recorded for several years at several locations.