1)A cash budget before financing includes two major sections:

(a)Cash available-Cash available section includes sources of cash other than through financing that will be available to the organisation.

Sources of cash include cash on hand at the beginning of the budget period and cash receipts during the budget period(The cash receipts budget provides details regarding anticipated collections of cash(other than financing.Cash receipts come from cash sales,collection of accounts and notes receivable and non-routine transactions.

(b)Cash Disbursements-The cash disbursements section provides expected payments during the period-payments for purchases of raw materials,supplies,equipment,wages and salaries,operating expenses and taxes.

The difference between cash available and cash disbursements is the ending cash balance.

Given,Cash receipts = $42,560

Cash disbursements = $24,320

Ending cash balance(Dec 31,2022) = $59,280

Beginning cash balance(Jan 1,2022) = Ending cash balance + Cash disbursements - Cash receipts  

= $[59,280 + 24,320 - 42,560]

   = $41,040

please see the attached file for the complet solution.

2)

Sales = $6,200

Sales return = $540

Final amount due = Sales - Sales return

= 6,200-540

= $5,660

Credit terms = 2/10, n/30

2% discount will be allowed on final amount due.

Sales discount = 5,660 x 2%

= $113

Cash received = Final amount due- Sales discount

= 5,660-113

= $5,547

According to net method following journal entry will be made on September 18:

General Journal	Debit	Credit
Cash	5,547
Accounts receivable		5,447