1. arminianism

belief that salvation is offered to all humans but is conditional on acceptance of god's grace. different from calvinism, which emphasizes predestination and unconditional election

2. great awakening

religious revival that swept the colonies. participating ministers, most notably johnathan edwards and george whitefield, placed an emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality

3. molasses act

tax on imported molasses passed by parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the french west indies

4. new lights

ministers who took part in the revivalist, emotive religious tradition pioneered by George Whitefield during the great awakening

5. old lights

orthodox clergymen who rejected the emotionalism of the great awakening in favor of a more rational spirituality

6. paxton boys

armed march on philadelphia by scotts-irish frontiersmen in protest against the quaker establishment's lenient policies toward native americans

7. poor richard's almanack

widely read annual pamphlet edited by Benjamin Franklin. Best known for its proverbs and aphorisms emphasizing thrift, industry, morality and common sense

8. proprietary colonies

colonies-maryland, pennsylvania, delaware-under the control of local proprietors, who appointed colonial governors

9. regulator movement

eventually violent uprising of backcountry settlers in N.C, against unfair taxation and the control of colonial affairs by the seaboard elite

10. royal colonies

colonies where governors were appointed directly by the King. Though often competent administrators, the governors frequently ran into trouble with colonial legislatures, which resented the imposition of control from across the atlantic