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Your social change blog is due to launch this week

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Your social change blog is due to launch this week.

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• Finish consolidating your collected information and enter it into your blog. Review content, citations, and presentation to ensure that you are putting your best professional foot forward.PhD Psychology Assignment Rubric: Final Assignment Social Blog Posting CATEGORY Content (70% of total possible points) Writing (30%of total possible points) EXCELLENT GOOD Blog posting demonstrates an excellent understanding of all of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Blog posting provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other sources, and discerning ideas. Blog posting demonstrates a good understanding of most of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Blog posting includes moderate detail, evidence from the readings, and discerning ideas. Blog posting demonstrates a fair understanding of the concepts and key points as presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Blog posting may be lacking in detail and specificity and/or may not include sufficient pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings. Blog posting demonstrates poor understanding of the concepts and key points of the text/s and Learning Resources. Blog posting is missing detail and specificity and/or does not include any pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings. (63–70 %) Blog posting is well organized, uses scholarly tone, follows APA style (when appropriate), uses original writing and proper paraphrasing, contains very few or no writing and/or spelling errors, and is fully consistent with graduate level writing style. Blog posting contains multiple, appropriate and exemplary sources expected/required for the assignment. (56–62 %) Blog posting is mostly consistent with graduate level writing style. Blog posting may have some small or infrequent organization, scholarly tone, or APA style issues, and/or may contain a few writing and spelling errors, and/or somewhat less than the expected number of or type of sources. (49–55 %) Blog posting is somewhat below graduate level writing style, with multiple smaller or a few major problems. Blog posting may be lacking in organization, scholarly tone, APA style, and/or contain many writing and/or spelling errors, or shows moderate reliance on quoting vs. original writing and paraphrasing. Blog posting may contain inferior resources (number or quality). (0–48 %) Blog posting is well below graduate level writing style expectations for organization, scholarly tone, APA style, and writing, or relies excessively on quoting. Blog posting may contain few or no quality resources. (24–26 %) (21–23 %) (0–20 %) (27–30 %) Instructor comments: FAIR POOR SCORE Total Score (100 possible percent): © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. points Page 1 of 1 Blogs in Plain English Blogs in Plain English Program Transcript LEE LEFEVER: You've seen the word. You've seen the websites. And you may even have one. But have you ever wondered, what's the big deal about blogs? This is Blogs in Plain English. To make sense of blogs, you have to think about the news and who makes it. We'll look at news in the 20th century versus the 21st century to make our point. In the 20th century, the news was produced professionally. When news happened, reporters wrote the stories. And a tiny group of people decided what appeared in a newspaper or broadcast. Professional news was mainstream, general, and limited. The 21st century marked the point where news became both professional and personal. A new kind of website called a weblog, or blog for short, came onto the scene that let anyone be a reporter and publisher, often for free. As blogs became popular, they created millions of news sources that gave everyone an audience for their own version of news. Of course, we're using the word news loosely. But really, isn't everything news to someone? With a blog, a business owner can share news about his business, a mother can share news about her family, or a sports star can share news with fans. These people are all bloggers. How did this happen? Well, blogs made sharing news on the web easy. Anyone with an idea can start a new blog with the click of a button, and share news minutes later. Here's how blogs work. Blogs are websites that are organized by blog posts. These are individual news stories, like articles in the paper. Bloggers simply fill out a form like this one to post a new story. With the click a button, the blog post appears at the top of the web page, just above yesterday's news. Over time, the blog becomes a collection of these posts, all archived for easy reference. Also, each blog post can become a discussion through comments left by readers. Blogs make the news a two-way street. But really, the focus is not about how blogs work. It's about what people like you do with them that matters. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 1 Blogs in Plain English Let's say you have a blog about green living and outdoor photography. It reflects your unique perspective. This helps you build relationships with your readers, and other bloggers with similar interests. Speaking of relationships, bloggers often work together. In addition to comments, you'll read each other's posts, quote each other, and link your blogs together. This creates communities of bloggers that inspire and motivate each other. Whether it's their ease of use, or the opportunities they offer, blogs have been adopted in a very big way. Since 2003, there have been over 70 million blogs created, each with its own version of news. So the big deal about blogs, is that they gave people like you the power of the media. And created a personal kind of news that appeals to a high number of small audiences. So it's up to you. What will you do with this new power? There's likely a group of people out there who want to hear what you have to say. I'm Lee LeFever. And this has been Blogs in Plain English. Blogs in Plain English Additional Content Attribution Used by permission of Common Craft LLC. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 2 Cultural Competency and Social Change Cultural Competency and Social Change Program Transcript [MUSIC] NARRATOR: Walden University's mission of affecting positive social change is defined by a commitment to improve the human and social condition by creating and applying ideas, strategies, and actions to promote the worth, dignity, and development of society. In the following video Maurice Williams, Program Director of the Williams Life Center; Andrea Ingram, Executive Director of the Grassroots Crises Center; and Holly Hoey, Vice President of Major Gifts of the United Way of Central Maryland, share their experiences in empowering others. So Maurice, as we talk about social change I know there's a story behind how you got into this field. I can just sense your passion and enthusiasm for what you do. MAURICE WILLIAMS: Well, I've always had an interest in the human condition. My undergrad was in psychology, so we studied a lot about the mind, human behavior. I've always been inquisitive. I want to know, how did we get here? Who are we? Why are we so different? Why are we so alike? What makes us who we are? And so, literally, that's why I got into it. Now as I started working in the field though, I saw that, wow. It's not about being inquisitive. There's really a lot of needs out here from people. It's a lot of pain out here. It's a lot of trauma. A lot of grief. A lot of loss. And I come from a family that has always been very community-focused. And so I got into working with people with disabilities. And then, next, I worked with adults who were on assistance, TANF assistance. And then I ended up working with children. And now it's like, wow. There it is. Children have such a vulnerability but such a purity. I can connect with them because children always remind me that we all were one of them at one time. And I'm fortunate enough to have gotten into a field that keeps me focused on, like Holly asked, what am I going to do good today? Who am I going to help? Not really save, but who am I gonna help progress further in their life? HOLLY HOEY: What about you, Andrea? ANDREA INGRAM: Well, I grew up in a large family, lot of kids. And I was in the middle. So middle children, we do a lot of mediating and all this kind of stuff. But I also grew up with a very keen sense of justice and fairness. When there are © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 1 Cultural Competency and Social Change seven kids in the family, you learn that life is not fair. And my parents had a strong sense of justice also and were great examples. So when I went out into the world, I felt an obligation, a responsibility, to try to make life better for people that didn't have as well as I did. Because to me it's a sense of justice and fairness to include people in mainstream who are left out for whatever reason. They're left out because of poverty. They're left out because of mental illness. Or they're left out because of their personality. They're just left out. Because of relationships. So it's just because of, I think, being raised with a keen sense of fairness and justice and wanting to have an impact on that. I found that I really loved crisis work because when people are in crisis there's such energy there and motivation to make things different. And there's a real opportunity to make things different and to make some really significant changes. And reach some really significant resolutions in your life that really might out you on a different path. HOLLY HOEY: I say that I'm in this field by default. But it worked out to my benefit because I absolutely love what I do. I wasn't a middle child. But I've always been a mediator. Always. I don't know. Are you OK? Is everyone OK? Let's make sure everybody gets along. And so that's just my personality. But I have a degree in interior design. And so I did design work for five years. And I race walked a marathon for Leukemia Society and had to raise money. Here we go. Here goes my life story. MAURICE WILLIAMS: Wow, that's how it started. Wow. HOLLY HOEY: And I had to raise money, which I found to be so simple. And people kept saying, how are you raising all that money? And I said, it's because I believe in it. If I could talk about it and I believed in it and I really had a case for why I was raising money, I found to be very easy. And so here goes my career change. I loved it and I said, I'm not fulfilled in my previous job. And I just said, I'm going to make a life change. And it was the best change that I made. And 12 years later, here am. I love it at United Way. And I just feel that-- I connect the dots. That's my job. I connect the dots. I connect the dots with my volunteers, with donors, to people that need help. And United Way does the same thing with partners. And I just, I feel, that that's where my skill set is, is that if I can bring these people together to affect change, I've done my job. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 2 Cultural Competency and Social Change So we're talking about how our organizations influence social change. And I think this is actually the most exciting part to discuss because, being at United Way for over 12 years, I think that my job every day is extremely rewarding and fulfilling. What United Way of Central Maryland does is to, again, mobilize the community to improve people's lives. We are touching lives and changing lives as it relates to helping people sustain their lives, stabilize, and then getting them out of that spiraling poverty and getting them to self-sufficiency. My job is to educate and communicate and inform individuals about the most pressing needs in this community. MAURICE WILLIAMS: I, like you, Holly, believe that social change is very, very important for our organization as well. The Williams Life Center, we service people who are born into the number one institution-- the first institution that we'll ever be a part of, which is the family. Unfortunately, their families fall apart for whatever reasons. Neglect, abuse, drugs, incarceration. Some families and some parents want to take care of their kids but they just don't have the resources and the capabilities to do so. And so we at the Williams Life Center, we bring them in. Some children come into our program and they've already lost a lot. And maybe they're now 14 already when they come into the system. And some of them have a long way to go. And they may falter and they may not be successful in the program that we provide to them. But then there are others, which far outweigh the ones that don't make it, that will come in and, although they have the emotional baggage that they have and the traumas that they've experienced, we watch them grow. And we watch them become connected to a family. And so that is so rewarding. Because we see that is our duty to ensure that these children, no matter what their previous life would have been like, that when they come in our agency, we're going to take care of them. Bottom line. We're going to take care of them. And if they're in an environment that is not meeting the standard, we move them. And then those that aren't meeting the standard but we can work with them to get them higher, we do that. And so that's how we believe we affect social change. Because this is another child who may not grow up be an abuser himself. ANDREA INGRAM: Yeah. Well, to me social change is very personal, which you talked about volunteers, you talked about your families and kids. I think large change starts with one person and it goes from that person to their family to their congregation. An example that I would like to talk a little bit about is we do a lot of © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 3 Cultural Competency and Social Change services for people with mental illness. And they're in our shelter programs, but we also have a mobile crisis team and we go out with the police. We also do some training with the police department on how to better manage situations with a person who's perhaps having a psychotic episode, maybe behaviorally out of control, resulting in some family conflict and so forth. There's one person that we respond to all the time. When she's not in treatment, it can be pretty outrageous, including just challenging the police, very confrontational, could even be sexually oriented. When the police went to lunch at this day program, there she was. And it was at a point in her life where she was in treatment. And the police were just amazed. They sat down with her, were able to talk with her, see her when she is in treatment and is doing well. And were even able to talk to her about how should we behave we come out and you're crisis. MAURICE WILLIAMS: Wow. ANDREA INGRAM: So that she could even have some input into how the police and the mobile crisis team would respond to her. That one thing transfers to other police officers. MAURICE WILLIAMS: Yes, it does. ANDREA INGRAM: Transfers to how they act when they respond to other people who are having a mental health crisis. Because they can see the person behind the crisis. And when you see the person behind the crisis, you handle it a little differently. So that, to me, is social change one person at a time. MAURICE WILLIAMS: When we think of social change, sometimes I think we think of somebody standing behind a podium saying, let's do it. And there's hundreds of thousands of people out there on the lawn listening. But it's really one person at a time. ANDREA INGRAM: Yeah. MAURICE WILLIAMS: And sometimes in our jobs we have to remind ourselves how important what we do really is. I was in Walmart two weeks ago a foster family came up to me and said, hey, Mr. Williams. And I turned around and it was a 16-year-old who I'd placed there over a year ago with her foster mother. And the 16-year-old has a son who was born about a year or so ago. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 4 Cultural Competency and Social Change The son was born with extreme health needs. And so working with this child though, she broke down. She said I'm a 12th grade. My child is sick. The child was in the hospital for like three months at a time. And we said to her, we will help you through this. We're going to ensure that you graduate. We're going to ensure that this baby is taken care of. And we stuck with her. And so when I walked away after we spoke, I looked back at them again and I said to myself, wow. That could have never happened had we not really worked to keep this girl together. To keep this baby together. And to keep this family together. So sometimes little glimpses will come that says, you know what, Maurice? What you guys are doing is really important. And so it is. One individual at a time. It really is. [MUSIC] © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 5 PSYC 8700: Psychology and Social Change Blog Guidance and Suggestions: Social Change Blog For information about how blogs work, watch this brief video on the Common Craft website: "Blogs: Explained by Common Craft" Blog Sites The following sites can host your blog. Most are free sites, but others may require a nominal fee. Explore the host sites to see which one works best for you. • • • • • blogger.com classblogmeister.com edublogs.org wordpress.com teachersfirst.com You will provide your Instructor with all relevant information for accessing your blog (i.e., blog site name and link) in Week 10. 1 © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. Final Assignment: PSYC 8700 Social Change Blog Instructions Technology is increasingly providing tools that allow people to easily and quickly communicate far beyond the limitations of personal or professional relationships, local communities, and geographic borders. In particular, the emergence of social media has transformed the capability of individuals to reach out, engage, communicate, influence, educate, and even inflame and provoke. Social media has also vastly increased the potential to misinform. A blog (derived from “weblog”) is a website or web page that typically communicates an individual or small group’s point of view, outlook, perspective, or interest. A blog can be a potentially powerful forum for sharing any kind of information—from the most personal or frivolous to ideas that have the potential to change public policies and human behavior. Through blogging, interactions among individuals can increase access to information as well as encourage vigorous exchange of ideas and opinions. Blogs can be (and are) powerful tools for social change. In this course, you will create and launch a blog that will be used for a focused discussion on a specific social change or social justice issue of your choice—and on psychology’s role in that issue. In the Week 1 Learning Resources you review various definitions and illustrations of social change. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) defines social justice as “the view that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and opportunities.” Consider the varying and overlapping definitions of both terms as you determine the issue that you will address in your blog. I. Overarching View of the Final Assignment ? To begin, you will select a social change or social justice topic and pose a question or action related to this topic that addresses the issue from the perspective of a developing psychologist. Throughout the course, you will gather research-based evidence that supports and informs your perspective and position on that question or action. ? Your blogging goal will be to address the social change or social justice topic by synthesizing your own thoughts about the issue, supporting your thoughts through review and citation of the relevant scholarly literature and through adding your perspective as a developing psychologist to this issue. Your blog should also analyze how theoretical frameworks shape behavior and action with regard to your selected social change or social justice topic. ? You will develop content for the blog throughout the course. You will launch the blog in Week 10. 1 © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. II. Preparation ? Watch the brief “Blogs: Explained by Common Craft” video, located in the Week 1 Learning Resources, for a quick overview of how blogs work. Review other information contained in the “Laureate Blog Guidance and Suggestions” document, also located in the Week 1 Learning Resources. ? Review the blog post “Guide to Blogging for Peace and Social Change,” located in the Week 1 Learning Resources. This guide offers entry-level information about getting started with blogging. Many other reliable resources about blogging can be found online as well. ? Search for and review various websites and blogs related to social change and social justice issues at the local, domestic, or global level, including those with an international focus and/or those developed by individuals outside the United States. Consider how the content, goals, and presentation of these sites might help you hone the focus and design of your own blog. Note: “Guide to Blogging for Peace and Social Change” offers a selection of existing blog sites focused on social change. Applying targeted search terms will take you to topics of interest. ? Register for listservs and newsfeeds on sites of interest to receive e-mails and postings that may inform your choice of topic as well as the continuing development of your blog. ? Select a topic. Based on your review of blogs, additional research, and, most importantly, your own interests and passions, think about a social change or social justice topic for your Final Assignment. What question or action, related to this topic, would you like to focus on that addresses the issue from the perspective of a developing psychologist? ? Begin to consider the platform you will use for publishing your blog. Review the guidance offered in “The 15 Best Blogging and Publishing Platforms on the Internet Today. Which One is for You?” This article is located in the Week 1 Learning Resources. Many other blog-related sites offer platform suggestions as well. Keep in mind that most blogging services have a free basic version but may charge for additional features. Important: If you are new to blogging, allow time to review various platforms and experiment with setting up your blog well before your Final Assignment—the blog launch—is due in Week 10. Most blog platforms offer plenty of tutorial help, but first-time users are encouraged to begin this part of the assignment early. Development of your blog will be an ongoing project throughout the course. You will be responsible for reaching the course submission milestones described in the next section. 2 © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. III. Course Submissions By Week 3 you will do the following: ? Develop a professional introduction of yourself to blog reader(s). ? Select the social change or social justice topic that will be the focus of the blog and pose a related question or action that addresses the issue from the perspective of a developing psychologist. ? Analyze how a selected theoretical framework(s) shapes the behaviors and actions demonstrated in or around your social change or social justice topic. By Week 5 you will do the following: ? Determine relevant literature to use in developing and supporting your blog, including the theoretical frameworks that are appropriate for your topic. ? Develop a description of the role of psychology with regard to your social change or social justice topic. ? Evaluate the impact of ethnic inequalities on the psychological well-being of the population(s) affected by your social change or social justice topic. ? Analyze any concerns regarding ethnic inequality as they pertain to your social change or social justice topic. ? Analyze the role of psychology in impacting historical biases and oppression and addressing social change or social justice movements for targeted oppressed populations. ? Determine the platform you will use for publishing your blog. Review the guidance offered in “The 15 Best Blogging and Publishing Platforms on the Internet Today. Which One is for You?” By Week 7 you will do the following: ? Finalize an introduction to your social change or social justice topic as it will appear on your blog. Include an explanation of the relevance of this topic to the field of psychology and the role and responsibilities of psychology with regard to the issue. ? Develop an explanation of how theoretical frameworks shape behavior or action with regard to your social change or social justice topic. ? Provide an explanation of psychology’s role as an advocate for the greater society and how this is evident or demonstrated in your social change issue or social justice movement. 3 © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. By Week 8 you will do the following: ? Begin to finalize the components that will be incorporated into your initial blog posting. With Instructor feedback in mind, you will construct a compelling, focused, and cohesive commentary about your social change or social justice topic and the question or action that you are addressing within that topic. Note: Keep in mind that all elements and issues that you have submitted to the Instructor must be evident in your blog posting. This blog is expected to be a substantial, research-based statement of interest to other psychologists who are focused on social change issues and psychology. By Week 10 you will do the following: ? Consolidate all of the finalized information you have collected into your initial blog posting. All of the elements you have developed will be presented as a cohesive, rigorous, and professional statement directed toward the professional community. ? Launch your blog. ? Provide your Instructor with all relevant information for accessing your blog (i.e., blog site name and link). ? Submit an analysis of the impact of mass/social media on individual and societal behavior and the importance of mass/social media’s influence on social change movements and social justice agendas. Your blog will serve as your Final Assignment for this course and will be verified by your course Instructor. Throughout the course, you will be informing the development of your blog through weekly Discussions as well as submitted Assignments in Weeks 3, 5, and 7. Your Instructor will provide evaluative feedback on these Assignments. Your Final Assignment is due by Day 7 of Week 10. Note: Continuation of your blog beyond this course is up to your discretion; however, your blog could serve as a support for a Walden Scholars of Change project (per appropriate submission) and/or dissertation topic development. This blog will support the development of an interactive atmosphere and facilitate collegial and professional discourse. 4 © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 1 SEXUALITY AND GENDER Friar J Walden University Online 2 SEXUALITY AND GENDER Sexuality and Gender Gender and sex are assigned during birth. This is because gender is tied to the biological make up of a human being. However, as people grow into adults, this might change. The biological aspect remains constant but one might develop the urge to behave or become like the opposite sex. In society today, we have people who are trapped in bodies that they feel are not sexually meant for them. For example, a person assigned the female gender at birth might feel that they are able and develop the urge to behave like a male or even undergo transformation into a male. This has become a major cultural issue in society today as such incidents of people swapping genders are on the rise. This poll was therefore conducted among male and female respondents. The male respondents were asked whether they wanted to become girls when they were growing up. In order to create a comparison on the views of males and females on this societal issue, female respondents were also asked whether they wanted to become boys when they were growing up. Majority of the male respondents gave a firm no as their answer to the question whether they ever wanted to become girls when they were growing up. This shows that femininity among men is viewed as a sign of weakness. This is evident in the explanations given by the male respondents about whether they wanted to become girls when growing up. Most of the male respondents scoffed or laughed at the question. This is to show that society views the idea of femininity in males as a joke or something that is not acceptable. As a result, majority of the male respondents never even wanted to be identified as being feminine when growing up. 3 SEXUALITY AND GENDER The female respondents on the other hand were quite open to the idea of being identified as males. While none of the female respondents wanted to become boys when growing up, a good number of them admitted that they were tomboys at some point when growing up. This shows that the American society is more open to the idea of women displaying signs of masculinity. However, society is not open to the idea of men showing signs of femininity. Society holds men up to higher standards. This is why we see that men are not allowed by society to be feminine (Johnston, 2018). This is treated as a sign of weakness. As a result, most of the male respondents scoffed about the idea of being girls or feminine. All the male respondents did not express the desire to be girls unlike girls who were open to being boys or masculine. This shows that gender standards and expectations in society are different among ales and females. While in some cultures change of gender is acceptable, majority of the people are still not open to this. This is why we have transgender men and women go through a lot of discrimination in the society. Society expects people to stick to the gender assigned to them at birth. Men are expected to be tough and masculine while women are expected to be feminine. However, the society is more open to women who display characteristics associated with the male gender such as showing signs of masculinity or dressing like males. However, the American society is not welcoming and kind to men who display femininity or even dress up like females. The difference in the standards that society holds males and females is something that has been shown in the responses given by both male and female respondents. Men who display feminine characteristics are considered sissys by the American society. Furthermore, men who are considered sissys are at risk of being disowned by their families. This 4 SEXUALITY AND GENDER means that society would not accept men who are feminine. As a result, men have to be comfortable in their own skin, even when they feel like they want to become girly. This is because they need to ensure that they fit into the societal expectations and therefore avoid being rejected (Johnston, 2018). Female respondents who desired to be male when growing up did not express fear of being disowned by their families or being given certain labels by the society. In conclusion, the responses given by men and females regarding the desire to be of the opposite gender varied. This shows that the American society is more welcoming to women who display male characteristics as opposed to men who display female characteristics. This therefore shows that gender equality and equity are concepts that have not fully developed in the American society with regards to gender and sexuality. 5 SEXUALITY AND GENDER References Johnston L. (2018). Gender and Sexuality: Precarious Places. Progress in Human Geography, 2(7) 776-801. 1 Social change Blog Friar J Walden University Online 2 Social Change Blog One of the most persistent social injustices that exist in the United States, despite years of struggle to overcome it, is the issue of income inequality. In the period after the Great Recession, the income inequality gap has continued to widen in the United States even further. Economists have tried to find out possible reasons for the same, mostly because of the negative impacts of income inequality. Of particular interest, however, is the social injustice that comes with income inequality. Most of the pay disparities that exist in the country are a direct result of racial, gender and sexual orientations such that most of the people in the high-income percentile come from the white community while those in the lower-earning percentiles are from different nonwhite communities (Palomino et al., 2010). The existence of pay disparity has persisted in the United States despite different policies and social justice movements that have tried to mitigate this issue. Psychology plays an important role in pay disparity that exists on the lines of race and gender. To understand the role that psychology has played in ensuring pay disparity between white and nonwhite communities and between male and female workers in the country, psychologists from Rice University identified some of the myths associated with pay disparity between males and females. According to them, there still exists disparity basing on gender affiliation because of the strong belief that women do not do equal work, they leave work to have and raise children, they choose less lucrative vocations, and they do not ask for what they want (Rice University, 2018). These myths have formed the basis of employers reimbursing female employees relatively less than their male counterparts for a similar workload. Considering the findings of this research, the employers' psychology contributed by the negative myths has contributed to a social injustice that women are subjected to in terms of pay. 3 Also, in the period of slavery, enslaved Africans and Native Americans were used to offer free labour for white Americans. As a result, a psychological Association of coloured races offers free or rather cheap labour (Williams, 2021). Consequentially, this notion has ensured that African American workers and other communities of nonwhite ethical origin continue to be reimbursed relatively less than their white counterparts (The Guardian, n.d). Again, psychology has played a big part in ensuring pay disparity. The social injustices from ethnic inequalities have a psychological impact on the wellbeing of the affected populations. Research by Platt et al. (2016) concludes that females are more likely to suffer from mood disorders like depression and anxiety because of work-related stressors than their male counterparts. This prevalence of mood disorders has been found out to be partially due to the effect of structural gender discrimination that females are subjected to in the work environment. Because of the pay disparity between males and females doing the same amount of work, job satisfaction levels among females reduce, which contributes to mental health-related issues, including anxiety and depression. The findings of this research indicate that ethnic inequalities have a negative psychological impact on their victims' well-being. Apart from psychology being used to find solutions to ethnic disparity, it has also impacted the historical biases and oppression that the victims have suffered. In one particular research, the authors conclude that Psychology has played a part in the pay disparity that exists between males and females for the same job. One of the ways psychology has been employed is through the differences in negotiation behaviours and experiences between male negotiations and female negotiations (Hightower et al., 2018). This research concludes that female negotiations are always filled with greater backlash from the party being negotiated with than their male counterparts. 4 The oppression has also been partly because of the differences in confidence levels between males and females. Because of the limited confidence levels that females have compared to their male counterparts, they may suffer in silence. By understanding the role that psychology plays in impacting historical bias and oppression, we can use the same to address social change for the targeted population. Females can be empowered using different training pieces to boost their levels of confidence and shape negotiation skills to ensure that they are in a position to speak out their minds regarding the pay disparity that exists among them. In this case, by finding out their disparities, we can use the same to develop effective strategies for providing solutions to pay disparity issues (Antonucci et al., 2019). The publishing sites that I will use to disseminate this information to my academic audience is Weebly. Weebly is a blogging site that provides channels for disseminating my research on social change and social justice to my targeted audience. My audience can subscribe to my blog and therefore receive notifications when I post new content that can be read. Also, this site offers an option for connecting with my audience and interacting with them by understanding their viewpoints and responding to them. Weebly allows subscribers to post comments directly on the site that can be read by other members. Because of the ability to interact by commenting directly, open discussion forums are greatly improved, and it offers a unique chance for peer review and brainstorming to find solutions to ethnic inequality and pay disparity. 5 References Antonucci, T. C., Bial, M., Cox, C., Finkelstein, R., & Marchado, L. (2019). The role of psychology in addressing worldwide challenges of poverty and gender inequality. Zeitschrift für Psychologie. Retrieved from https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/full/10.1027/2151-2604/a000360 Hightower, C. D., McCord, J. L., Hay, M., Doyle, B. G., & Harman, J. L. (2018). IO Psychology Has an Important Role to Play in Gender Differences in Negotiation. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 11(3), 398-403. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/27c2704ae964e6941e912c55565d6f2e/1?pqorigsite=gscholar&cbl=996338 Palomino, F., & Peyrache, E. A. (2010). Psychological bias and gender wage gap. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(3), 563-573. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268110001356 Platt, J., Prins, S., Bates, L., & Keyes, K. (2016). Unequal depression for equal work? How the wage gap explains gendered disparities in mood disorders. Social Science & Medicine, 149, 1-8. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953615302616 Rice University (2018) Psychologists: Women are not to blame for the wage gap. Science Daily. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180531131104.htm The Guardian (n.d) Pay gap between ethnic minority and white staff smallest since 2012, says ONS. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/money/2020/oct/12/pay-gap-ethnicminority-white-workers-ons 6 Williams, W. (2021) Wage Gaps by Race. Investopedia. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/wage-gaps-by-race-5073258 1 Social Change and Social Justice Friar J Walden University Online 2 Social Change and Social Justice: Gender Inequality Introduction Across the world, the inequity between males and females is a topic of concern as gender inequality, and stereotyping has become part of the human culture for several years. Gender inequality involves a social process where men and women are treated unequally. This treatment can result from variations concerning cultural norms, biology, and psychology. Besides, the distinctions are not only empirically grounded but also socially constructed (Lips, 2003). Social change and social justice is a concept constantly faced in people’s daily lives. This is due to the fact that society itself is transforming all the time. Sociologists across the world are researching to find out the answers and explanations to three main questions related to social change: factors of social change, whether it is good or bad, and its impact. On the other hand, psychology is a complex concept that encompasses several fields and sub-fields of research including social behavior, human development, and cognitive process associated with social change and social justice. The psychological theories play a role in explaining gender inequality, demonstrating theoretical claims, results as well as limitations. Therefore, this paper will discuss gender inequality as a social change and justice concepts in psychology. Theoretical Framework The journal “Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures” argues that harmonizing benevolent and hostile sexism constituents exists across humanities. “Male dominance creates hostile sexism (HS), but men’s dependence on women fosters benevolent sexism (BS)--subjectively positive attitudes that put women on a pedestal but reinforce their subordination” (Glick et al., 2000). The research outcomes disclosed that BS and 3 HS are comprehensible constructs, which relate positively worldwide. The outcome challenges the dominant concept of prejudgment as opposition in that an affectionate. Superior thought reflects inequality as well as is a culturally universal compliment to hostile sexism (Glick et al., 2000). Besides, in the article “Gender and Health” by World Health Organization, “gender inequality and discrimination faced by women and girls puts their health and well-being at risk.” Girls and women normally experience significant barriers compared to boys and men to accessing healthcare services as well as information. These barriers include lower literacy level; lack of awareness and training between a health system and healthcare providers of the particular health challenges and needs of girls and women; mobility restriction; discriminatory attitudes of healthcare providers and communities; and lack of rights to decision-making powers (World Health Organization, 2019). Therefore, gender is hierarchical and creates disparities, which interconnect with other economic and social inequalities. In other words, gender-based judgment intersects with other discrimination aspects such as disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, and geographic location. In addition, the research conducted by Lauzen, dozier, and Horan used an example of “prime-time TV channels” on the six transmission networks in the course of the 2005 to 2006 season. The study aimed to find out the social roles and responsibilities of male and female characters. The results demonstrated that women characters occupy interpersonal responsibilities involving friends, romance, and family (Lauzen et al., 2008). On the other hand, men characters are expected to dwell on work-related responsibilities. Furthermore, programs engaging a single or several female creators or writers are likely to portray both male and female characters in 4 interactive responsibility. “Although programs employing all-male writers and creators are more likely to feature both female and male characters in work roles” (Lauzen et al., 2008). Role of Psychology Psychologists and psychology have played several roles in encouraging greater society. There are reports that psychologists are progressively engaging in study to discover approaches that address different social issues that affect various behavior patterns as well as develop beneficial strategies to help victims. As a result, to contribute to social justice and changes in society, psychologists have to be open-minded in attending to the community’s issues and concerns such as gender inequality. For example, the research conducted by Stewart et al. (2001) “international experts from several fields highlighted the importance of the context of women’s lives. The consensus was that emphasis should be on health promotion, public health, health policy and broad determinants of health, rather than focusing solely on services.” Therefore, in the case of gender injustice, the psychologist, in their literature, they should encourage the community to maintain, understand, as well as resolve their cultural identification (Stewart et al., 2001). There is also a need for the community to understand the interaction of sexual orientation, culture, and gender on needs and behavior. Conclusion Globally, the inequity between males and females is a topic of concern as gender inequality, and stereotyping has become part of the human culture for several years. This paper has discussed gender inequality as a social change and justice concepts in psychology. The paper has also provided me with an insight into how different works of literature perceive the issue of gender inequality, including the character women and men plays in television channels and in 5 what manner World Health Organization demonstrates how gender inequality puts the health of girls and women at risk. In addition, the paper has also highlighted some of the roles of psychology in encouraging the greater society. Therefore, it is evidence that psychology is a complex concept that can help solve issues related to social change and justice. 6 References Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B., Adetoun, B., Osagie, J. E., Akande, A., Alao, A., Brunner, A., Willemsen, T. M., Chipeta, K., Dardenne, B., Dijksterhuis, A., Wigboldus, D., Eckes, T., Six-Materna, I., Expósito, F., & Moya, M. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 763–775. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.763 Lauzen, M. M., Dozier, D. M., & Horan, N. (2008). Constructing Gender Stereotypes Through Social Roles in Prime-Time Television. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150801991971 Lips, H. M. (2003). The Gender Pay Gap: Concrete Indicator of Women’s Progress Toward Equality. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 3(1), 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2003.00016.x Stewart, D. E., Rondon, M., Damiani, G., & Honikman, J. (2001). International psychosocial and systemic issues in women’s mental health. https://doi.org/DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s007370170003 World Health Organization. (2019). Gender and health. Www.who.int. https://www.who.int/health-topics/gender#tab=tab_1 Final Assignment: Social Change Blog Begin to finalize the components that will be incorporated into your blog posting. Address feedback that you have received from your Instructor as you construct a compelling, focused, and cohesive statement about your social change or social justice topic and the question or action that you are addressing within that topic. Keep in mind that all of the research-based information supporting the elements/issues that you have submitted to the Instructor must be evident in your blog posting. This blog is expected to be a substantial, research-based statement of interest to other psychologists who are focused on social change issues and psychology. For the introduction to your blog topic, utilize the literature and research information provided in your previous Assignment submissions in Weeks 3, 5, and 7 to summarize and present (i.e., make your case for) the goal/intent of your social change blog. Indicate why it is currently relevant regarding both social change and the field of psychology, based on your research and subsequent findings regarding your chosen topic. Succinctly present your scholarly argument. Unlike the Assignments in Weeks 3, 5, and 7 your blog does not need to be written using APA formatting, and may represent your personal style or the publishing site requirements as it relates to design, structure, et cetera. However, be mindful it still must represent a scholarly assignment at the doctoral level (presentation, wording, grammar) and must include elements of all three Assignments from Weeks 3, 5, and 7 regarding the review of the literature related to your social blog issue. It should facilitate an ongoing discussion from a scholarly perspective. Social Change Communication Plan Social Change Communication Plan Program Transcript In an age of advanced media and communication technology, people are moving away from answering home phones, reading print newspapers and shopping only in brick and mortar retail outlets. Businesses have to go where customers are, and they are online using social media. Technology can also be used to market social change messages. There are several advantages for using social media to promote social change. Speed, for one, is a major benefit. On demand videos and podcasts offer instantaneous access to advertising versus having to wait for a television ad to air, word of mouth advertising to spread or a mass mailing to be delivered. Interestingly, the meaning of word of mouth advertising has changed over the years, thanks to virtual applications like email and blogging. People can now discuss their opinions online by posting product reviews. Another advantage of using social media is cost. Social media channels, such as blog sites, are often free or low cost compared to expensive print ads. To generate positive public relations, companies can use social media to reach their customers, employees and other influential persons. Businesses are becoming more sophisticated at using social media channels to reach consumers. BMW, for example, created a Facebook page to launch their new 1 Series of compact coops and convertibles. They wanted to assure customers that even though the cars were smaller and less expensive, they would live up to the industry standard of all other BMWs. The company also held a graffiti car contest, hosted on Facebook, where people could submit illustrations of the 1 Series coops decorated however they would like. This contest swept across Facebook and it received more than 9,000 submissions in its first week. More than 2,000 people became fans, or linked to the site. Starbucks started a blog based site that allows customers and employees to interact online. Posts range from rants from employees about company policy to posts from customers on the day's flavors. Starbucks designed the site so that the conversations could not be edited, so both good and bad things are listed about the company. This gave the site credibility in the eyes of the consumer. And therefore, Starbucks could receive more honest feedback. If the company wanted to influence negative feedback, they could implement new changes to alter the criticism. This, of course, cannot be done for every disgruntled employee or unhappy customer. But by paying close attention to the blog, Starbucks stays in sync with its employees and consumers. When Popeye's Chicken wanted to reach out to consumers, they begin to use Twitter and Facebook. They designed a page that has a link to the Popeye's © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 1 Social Change Communication Plan website, where consumers can learn about the company, nutrition information, find locations and print out coupons. This use of social media is helping Popeye's build brand awareness, create a community of patrons as well as spur impulse purchases. Customer service is another reason why more and more companies are using social media. By monitoring these sites, companies like Southwest Airlines ensure a good customer experience. They employ a team to receive feedback to conversations on numerous social media sites in order to respond to their customers quickly. An example of a missed customer service opportunity is the blissful ignorance UHaul showed after an unhappy customer posted comments on Twitter. He complained online about his experience with the company. And within a few days, it had snowballed into hundreds of posts from consumers, all about the same type of negative experience. The original complainant tried several times to contact U-Haul directly and did eventually exchange emails with the CEO, but he ultimately chose to use another company. Companies of all sizes can benefit from the use of social media tools. If used and maintained properly, the possibilities are limitless. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 2 Final Assignment: Social Change Blog Begin to finalize the components that will be incorporated into your blog posting. Address feedback that you have received from your Instructor as you construct a compelling, focused, and cohesive statement about your social change or social justice topic and the question or action that you are addressing within that topic. Keep in mind that all of the research-based information supporting the elements/issues that you have submitted to the Instructor must be evident in your blog posting. This blog is expected to be a substantial, research-based statement of interest to other psychologists who are focused on social change issues and psychology. For the introduction to your blog topic, utilize the literature and research information provided in your previous Assignment submissions in Weeks 3, 5, and 7 to summarize and present (i.e., make your case for) the goal/intent of your social change blog. Indicate why it is currently relevant regarding both social change and the field of psychology, based on your research and subsequent findings regarding your chosen topic. Succinctly present your scholarly argument. Unlike the Assignments in Weeks 3, 5, and 7 your blog does not need to be written using APA formatting, and may represent your personal style or the publishing site requirements as it relates to design, structure, et cetera. However, be mindful it still must represent a scholarly assignment at the doctoral level (presentation, wording, grammar) and must include elements of all three Assignments from Weeks 3, 5, and 7 regarding the review of the literature related to your social blog issue. It should facilitate an ongoing discussion from a scholarly perspective. PhD Psychology Assignment Rubric CATEGORY Content (70% of total possible points) Writing (30%of total possible points) EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOR SCORE Paper demonstrates an excellent understanding of all of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other sources, and discerning ideas. Paper demonstrates a good understanding of most of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper includes moderate detail, evidence from the readings, and discerning ideas. Paper demonstrates a fair understanding of the concepts and key points as presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper may be lacking in detail and specificity and/or may not include sufficient pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings. Paper demonstrates poor understanding of the concepts and key points of the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper is missing detail and specificity and/or does not include any pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings. (63–70 %) Paper is well organized, uses scholarly tone, follows APA style, uses original writing and proper paraphrasing, contains very few or no writing and/or spelling errors, and is fully consistent with graduate level writing style. Paper contains multiple, appropriate and exemplary sources expected/required for the assignment. (56–62 %) Paper is mostly consistent with graduate level writing style. Paper may have some small or infrequent organization, scholarly tone, or APA style issues, and/or may contain a few writing and spelling errors, and/or somewhat less than the expected number of or type of sources. (49–55 %) Paper is somewhat below graduate level writing style, with multiple smaller or a few major problems. Paper may be lacking in organization, scholarly tone, APA style, and/or contain many writing and/or spelling errors, or shows moderate reliance on quoting vs. original writing and paraphrasing. Paper may contain inferior resources (number or quality). (0–48 %) Paper is well below graduate level writing style expectations for organization, scholarly tone, APA style, and writing, or relies excessively on quoting. Paper may contain few or no quality resources. (24–26 %) (21–23 %) (0–20 %) (27–30 %) Instructor comments: Total Score (100 possible percent): © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. points Page 1 of 1 Blogs in Plain English Blogs in Plain English Program Transcript LEE LEFEVER: You've seen the word. You've seen the websites. And you may even have one. But have you ever wondered, what's the big deal about blogs? This is Blogs in Plain English. To make sense of blogs, you have to think about the news and who makes it. We'll look at news in the 20th century versus the 21st century to make our point. In the 20th century, the news was produced professionally. When news happened, reporters wrote the stories. And a tiny group of people decided what appeared in a newspaper or broadcast. Professional news was mainstream, general, and limited. The 21st century marked the point where news became both professional and personal. A new kind of website called a weblog, or blog for short, came onto the scene that let anyone be a reporter and publisher, often for free. As blogs became popular, they created millions of news sources that gave everyone an audience for their own version of news. Of course, we're using the word news loosely. But really, isn't everything news to someone? With a blog, a business owner can share news about his business, a mother can share news about her family, or a sports star can share news with fans. These people are all bloggers. How did this happen? Well, blogs made sharing news on the web easy. Anyone with an idea can start a new blog with the click of a button, and share news minutes later. Here's how blogs work. Blogs are websites that are organized by blog posts. These are individual news stories, like articles in the paper. Bloggers simply fill out a form like this one to post a new story. With the click a button, the blog post appears at the top of the web page, just above yesterday's news. Over time, the blog becomes a collection of these posts, all archived for easy reference. Also, each blog post can become a discussion through comments left by readers. Blogs make the news a two-way street. But really, the focus is not about how blogs work. It's about what people like you do with them that matters. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 1 Blogs in Plain English Let's say you have a blog about green living and outdoor photography. It reflects your unique perspective. This helps you build relationships with your readers, and other bloggers with similar interests. Speaking of relationships, bloggers often work together. In addition to comments, you'll read each other's posts, quote each other, and link your blogs together. This creates communities of bloggers that inspire and motivate each other. Whether it's their ease of use, or the opportunities they offer, blogs have been adopted in a very big way. Since 2003, there have been over 70 million blogs created, each with its own version of news. So the big deal about blogs, is that they gave people like you the power of the media. And created a personal kind of news that appeals to a high number of small audiences. So it's up to you. What will you do with this new power? There's likely a group of people out there who want to hear what you have to say. I'm Lee LeFever. And this has been Blogs in Plain English. Blogs in Plain English Additional Content Attribution Used by permission of Common Craft LLC. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 2 Cultural Competency and Social Change Cultural Competency and Social Change Program Transcript [MUSIC] NARRATOR: Walden University's mission of affecting positive social change is defined by a commitment to improve the human and social condition by creating and applying ideas, strategies, and actions to promote the worth, dignity, and development of society. In the following video Maurice Williams, Program Director of the Williams Life Center; Andrea Ingram, Executive Director of the Grassroots Crises Center; and Holly Hoey, Vice President of Major Gifts of the United Way of Central Maryland, share their experiences in empowering others. So Maurice, as we talk about social change I know there's a story behind how you got into this field. I can just sense your passion and enthusiasm for what you do. MAURICE WILLIAMS: Well, I've always had an interest in the human condition. My undergrad was in psychology, so we studied a lot about the mind, human behavior. I've always been inquisitive. I want to know, how did we get here? Who are we? Why are we so different? Why are we so alike? What makes us who we are? And so, literally, that's why I got into it. Now as I started working in the field though, I saw that, wow. It's not about being inquisitive. There's really a lot of needs out here from people. It's a lot of pain out here. It's a lot of trauma. A lot of grief. A lot of loss. And I come from a family that has always been very community-focused. And so I got into working with people with disabilities. And then, next, I worked with adults who were on assistance, TANF assistance. And then I ended up working with children. And now it's like, wow. There it is. Children have such a vulnerability but such a purity. I can connect with them because children always remind me that we all were one of them at one time. And I'm fortunate enough to have gotten into a field that keeps me focused on, like Holly asked, what am I going to do good today? Who am I going to help? Not really save, but who am I gonna help progress further in their life? HOLLY HOEY: What about you, Andrea? ANDREA INGRAM: Well, I grew up in a large family, lot of kids. And I was in the middle. So middle children, we do a lot of mediating and all this kind of stuff. But I also grew up with a very keen sense of justice and fairness. When there are © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 1 Cultural Competency and Social Change seven kids in the family, you learn that life is not fair. And my parents had a strong sense of justice also and were great examples. So when I went out into the world, I felt an obligation, a responsibility, to try to make life better for people that didn't have as well as I did. Because to me it's a sense of justice and fairness to include people in mainstream who are left out for whatever reason. They're left out because of poverty. They're left out because of mental illness. Or they're left out because of their personality. They're just left out. Because of relationships. So it's just because of, I think, being raised with a keen sense of fairness and justice and wanting to have an impact on that. I found that I really loved crisis work because when people are in crisis there's such energy there and motivation to make things different. And there's a real opportunity to make things different and to make some really significant changes. And reach some really significant resolutions in your life that really might out you on a different path. HOLLY HOEY: I say that I'm in this field by default. But it worked out to my benefit because I absolutely love what I do. I wasn't a middle child. But I've always been a mediator. Always. I don't know. Are you OK? Is everyone OK? Let's make sure everybody gets along. And so that's just my personality. But I have a degree in interior design. And so I did design work for five years. And I race walked a marathon for Leukemia Society and had to raise money. Here we go. Here goes my life story. MAURICE WILLIAMS: Wow, that's how it started. Wow. HOLLY HOEY: And I had to raise money, which I found to be so simple. And people kept saying, how are you raising all that money? And I said, it's because I believe in it. If I could talk about it and I believed in it and I really had a case for why I was raising money, I found to be very easy. And so here goes my career change. I loved it and I said, I'm not fulfilled in my previous job. And I just said, I'm going to make a life change. And it was the best change that I made. And 12 years later, here am. I love it at United Way. And I just feel that-- I connect the dots. That's my job. I connect the dots. I connect the dots with my volunteers, with donors, to people that need help. And United Way does the same thing with partners. And I just, I feel, that that's where my skill set is, is that if I can bring these people together to affect change, I've done my job. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 2 Cultural Competency and Social Change So we're talking about how our organizations influence social change. And I think this is actually the most exciting part to discuss because, being at United Way for over 12 years, I think that my job every day is extremely rewarding and fulfilling. What United Way of Central Maryland does is to, again, mobilize the community to improve people's lives. We are touching lives and changing lives as it relates to helping people sustain their lives, stabilize, and then getting them out of that spiraling poverty and getting them to self-sufficiency. My job is to educate and communicate and inform individuals about the most pressing needs in this community. MAURICE WILLIAMS: I, like you, Holly, believe that social change is very, very important for our organization as well. The Williams Life Center, we service people who are born into the number one institution-- the first institution that we'll ever be a part of, which is the family. Unfortunately, their families fall apart for whatever reasons. Neglect, abuse, drugs, incarceration. Some families and some parents want to take care of their kids but they just don't have the resources and the capabilities to do so. And so we at the Williams Life Center, we bring them in. Some children come into our program and they've already lost a lot. And maybe they're now 14 already when they come into the system. And some of them have a long way to go. And they may falter and they may not be successful in the program that we provide to them. But then there are others, which far outweigh the ones that don't make it, that will come in and, although they have the emotional baggage that they have and the traumas that they've experienced, we watch them grow. And we watch them become connected to a family. And so that is so rewarding. Because we see that is our duty to ensure that these children, no matter what their previous life would have been like, that when they come in our agency, we're going to take care of them. Bottom line. We're going to take care of them. And if they're in an environment that is not meeting the standard, we move them. And then those that aren't meeting the standard but we can work with them to get them higher, we do that. And so that's how we believe we affect social change. Because this is another child who may not grow up be an abuser himself. ANDREA INGRAM: Yeah. Well, to me social change is very personal, which you talked about volunteers, you talked about your families and kids. I think large change starts with one person and it goes from that person to their family to their congregation. An example that I would like to talk a little bit about is we do a lot of © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 3 Cultural Competency and Social Change services for people with mental illness. And they're in our shelter programs, but we also have a mobile crisis team and we go out with the police. We also do some training with the police department on how to better manage situations with a person who's perhaps having a psychotic episode, maybe behaviorally out of control, resulting in some family conflict and so forth. There's one person that we respond to all the time. When she's not in treatment, it can be pretty outrageous, including just challenging the police, very confrontational, could even be sexually oriented. When the police went to lunch at this day program, there she was. And it was at a point in her life where she was in treatment. And the police were just amazed. They sat down with her, were able to talk with her, see her when she is in treatment and is doing well. And were even able to talk to her about how should we behave we come out and you're crisis. MAURICE WILLIAMS: Wow. ANDREA INGRAM: So that she could even have some input into how the police and the mobile crisis team would respond to her. That one thing transfers to other police officers. MAURICE WILLIAMS: Yes, it does. ANDREA INGRAM: Transfers to how they act when they respond to other people who are having a mental health crisis. Because they can see the person behind the crisis. And when you see the person behind the crisis, you handle it a little differently. So that, to me, is social change one person at a time. MAURICE WILLIAMS: When we think of social change, sometimes I think we think of somebody standing behind a podium saying, let's do it. And there's hundreds of thousands of people out there on the lawn listening. But it's really one person at a time. ANDREA INGRAM: Yeah. MAURICE WILLIAMS: And sometimes in our jobs we have to remind ourselves how important what we do really is. I was in Walmart two weeks ago a foster family came up to me and said, hey, Mr. Williams. And I turned around and it was a 16-year-old who I'd placed there over a year ago with her foster mother. And the 16-year-old has a son who was born about a year or so ago. © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 4 Cultural Competency and Social Change The son was born with extreme health needs. And so working with this child though, she broke down. She said I'm a 12th grade. My child is sick. The child was in the hospital for like three months at a time. And we said to her, we will help you through this. We're going to ensure that you graduate. We're going to ensure that this baby is taken care of. And we stuck with her. And so when I walked away after we spoke, I looked back at them again and I said to myself, wow. That could have never happened had we not really worked to keep this girl together. To keep this baby together. And to keep this family together. So sometimes little glimpses will come that says, you know what, Maurice? What you guys are doing is really important. And so it is. One individual at a time. It really is. [MUSIC] © 2015 Laureate Education, Inc. 5