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Homework answers / question archive / From the humdrum of the mid-2000s web apps, Apple radically changed the mobile world with the iPhone, offering well-designed apps of their own and curating apps that were accepted into the App Store

From the humdrum of the mid-2000s web apps, Apple radically changed the mobile world with the iPhone, offering well-designed apps of their own and curating apps that were accepted into the App Store

Computer Science

From the humdrum of the mid-2000s web apps, Apple radically changed the mobile world with the iPhone, offering well-designed apps of their own and curating apps that were accepted into the App Store. That influence has been far reaching, prompting Google to push their boundaries and develop material design, a design language that has become the distinctive hallmark of Android apps. When compared to the web world where some popular apps could get away with mediocre design, why do mobile apps face a higher design bar?

1) When compared to the web world where some popular apps could get away with mediocre design, why do mobile apps face a higher design bar?

2) Compare and contrast native mobile app design versus standard desktop app design. Discuss considerations for choosing one over the other. Elaborate on main advantages vs disadvantages.

3) Provide 2 generic comments related to this topic each 100 words

Rules:

Each question should be atleast 250 words

You must apply and use the basic citation styles of APA.

Use in-text citation and list the reference of your supporting source following APA’s style and formatting

 

Chapter 3 Creating Consumable Web Services for Mobile Devices What’s in this Chapter? ? Using web service languages (formats) ? Creating an example service ? Debugging web services ? Understanding web services What is a Web Service? • A web service enables two electronic devices to communicate over the Internet. • The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) defines web service as “a software system designed to support interoperable machine-tomachine interaction over a network.” • In practice this means a server communicating over port 80 or port 443 in plain text to the client. What is a Port? • A port is similar to a TV channel. News comes in on the news channel, sports on ESPN, and so on. Instead of watching the channels, computer applications are listening on port numbers. • The information coming to the computer on that port number is routed to the application listening on that port number. • For example, when your computer requests a web page from a web server, it issues the request through port 80. That traffic is delivered by the server's operating system to a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server application such as Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS) or the Apache Web Server. • Connecting with a file transfer protocol (FTP) client to the same server, the FTP software uses port 21. Both FTP and HTTP traffic are going to the same computer with the same address, so having different ports enables the server to route the traffic to the correct application. What is a Web Service? • The primary advantages web services provide are ease of access and ease of consumption. • Web services advantages stem from simplicity. Usage of web services for data exchange has exploded due to these advantages. • Web services are easy to access because they use the same World Wide Web technologies such as web browsers and web servers that power the Internet. • Another advantage of web services over other technologies is the consumability, which is the ability to understand what the server is communicating. Web Services : Languages • One of the reasons web services have been so successful is because of their self-describing nature. • Instead of giving a number like 5 and hoping the user of the web service knows that 5 is a weight, an age, or dollars, the 5 is described in a service like the below example which states the measurement is for length and is 5 inches. Web Services : Languages • Format choice is an important decision — it impacts the ease of accessing the web service and the performance of your application. When designing a web service, consider how the service will be accessed. • The two self-describing formats that have taken off for web services are XML and JSON. Web Services : Languages - XML • XML was designed as a way to describe documents, but it took off as a data interchange format after it was introduced. • XML was envisioned to be a simple human-readable language; for example, a person object can be represented like the below in XML: Web Services : Languages - XSLT • XSLT is used to transform a document into another representation. Initially it was envisioned as primarily changing XML data documents into representations for human consumption, such as XHTML. • Another common use is applying an XSLT transformation to one application's XML output to be used by another application that doesn't understand the original representation. • The below example shows how XSLT can transform an XML data fragment for display on a web page. Web Services : Languages - XQuery • XQuery is used to retrieve a subset of data from a full XML document, like a SQL query is used to retrieve a subset of data from a database. • The below example shows how to get the total amount paid for this sample order: Web Services : Languages - XQuery • JSON was created in 2001 and came into use by Yahoo in 2005. JSON has few rules, few base types, and is human readable. • JSON schema enables document validation, but this is rarely used. • JSON is a great format for transmitting data between systems because it is simple, text based, and self-describing. A person can be represented in JSON like the below: Web Services : Languages - JSON • JSON was created in 2001 and came into use by Yahoo in 2005. JSON has few rules, few base types, and is human readable. • JSON schema enables document validation, but this is rarely used. • JSON is a great format for transmitting data between systems because it is simple, text based, and self-describing. A person can be represented in JSON like the below: Transferring Nontextual Data • Both JSON and XML create human-readable text documents. • What happens if a service needs to transmit or receive an image, a video, or a PDF document, such as a check image for a financial service or a video clip for a public safety service? This type of nontextual data is called binary data. • When transmitting binary data as text, it needs to be Base64 encoded so it can be represented with the rest of the data. • Base64 encoding comes with two downsides. First, the size of the text representation increases by 33 percent. • Second, there is additional processing overhead by both the sender and receiver for encoding or decoding the Base64 data to binary and vice versa. Creating an Example Web Service • Create a consumable web service in a Linux Apache PHP environment • Three different service delivery technologies on the Microsoft .NET stack: • WCF • ODATA • ASP.NET MVC Creating the Database • The example services will expose a simple data model consisting of two tables: • Leagues and DerbyNames • Some of the Gravity Works staff are Roller Derby fans. They noticed the players had interesting names and decided their information (which is publicly available) would make a good example service. Creating the Database • The web example will expose a simple data model consisting of two tables: Leagues and DerbyNames. • Some of the Gravity Works staff are Roller Derby fans. They noticed the players had interesting names and decided their information (which is publicly available) would make a good example service. Using Windows Communication Foundation • Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) is a .NET Framework library designed for developers to create communication endpoints for software. • Web services are software communication endpoints, so on the surface WCF seems like an ideal choice for creating consumable web services. • Unfortunately, WCF is designed for a broad number of communication scenarios, and this broad set of capabilities introduces a lot of complexity that is not necessary for web services. • WCF supports reliable sessions, transactions, TCP, named pipes, Microsoft Message Queuing, activity tracing, and Windows Management Instrumentation Required Software Installation • This project will use the below software: • • • • ASP.NET 4.0 Visual Studio 2010 IIS 7.5 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 New WCF Service Application Add Reference Dialog Box Add New Item Add New Class View Markup Add Reference Dialog Box Add Global.asax Dialog Box Discoverable Service URLs : Page 56 Using Open Data Protocols : OData • The Open Data Protocol (OData) is a web protocol for querying and updating data in a standard way. • OData has many querying capabilities such as getting the count, expanding related entities, paging, and many filter options. • OData is a great choice for applications that are dealing with CRUD operations. Instead of writing boilerplate code to read, update, delete, and insert data, OData gives a robust set of operations with little work. • OData is a great choice for web services that create, read, update, and delete data without complex business rules. Empty Web Application Dialog Box ADO.NET Entity Data Model Dialog Box Add New WCF Data Service ADO.NET Entity Data Model Dialog Box Chrome Showing JSON result Using ASP.NET MVC 3 • ASP.NET MVC is a web framework released by Microsoft. It follows the model-view-controller pattern. • Open Visual Studio and Select File – New Project • From the new project dialog box, select the Web node from the Installed Templates tree and then select ASP.NET MVC3 Web Application • Name the project MVCDerbyService and click OK to create the project. Create new ASP.NET MVC3 Web Application Project Add New Item Menu Add New Controller Context Menu Tools • Understanding why a web service is not working correctly can be difficult because most of the code running is standard software and not code written by you or your team. • Most of the code delivering web services consists of the libraries being leveraged, the platform the code is running on, the web server code running, and the operating system code. Using ASP.NET MVC 3 • ASP.NET MVC is a web framework released by Microsoft. It follows the model-view-controller pattern. • Open Visual Studio and Select File – New Project • From the new project dialog box, select the Web node from the Installed Templates tree and then select ASP.NET MVC3 Web Application • Name the project MVCDerbyService and click OK to create the project. Fiddler • When debugging web services, it is important to have the capability to see the raw requests and responses. • Fiddler is a free Windows tool that does just that. Find installation instructions and the download at http://www.fiddler2.com. • Fiddler shows the raw HTTP traffic for the Windows system on which it is running. This means the tool will show the raw HTTP service request and HTTP response if the system running • The two most important features of using Fiddler to debug web services successfully are the filters and composer. • When Fiddler is running it captures all the HTTP traffic on the machine on which it is running. This is typically too much data, which obscures the web calls that are important Wireshark and MAC HTTP Client • When needed to capture traffic on Macintosh or Linux platforms turn to Wireshark (http://www.wireshark.org/download.html), a free, open source debugging tool that is much more advanced than Fiddler or the Mac HTTP client. • Wireshark is an advanced packet analysis tool used for HTTP traffic analysis as well as any other network traffic, such as debugging IP phones. • For those not developing web services on the Windows platform, Wireshark will be a crucial tool. Wireshark and MAC HTTP Client • When needed to capture traffic on Macintosh or Linux platforms turn to Wireshark (http://www.wireshark.org/download.html), a free, open source debugging tool that is much more advanced than Fiddler or the Mac HTTP client. • Wireshark is an advanced packet analysis tool used for HTTP traffic analysis as well as any other network traffic, such as debugging IP phones. • For those not developing web services on the Windows platform, Wireshark will be a crucial tool. Web Sockets • The HTTP protocol is designed for servers to respond to client requests. The client asks for a resource and the server delivers that resource. • A problem arises if the server wants to deliver a resource to the client. • Using Web Sockets a web server is able to deliver new data to the client without the client having to ask for the new information. • As support becomes more mainstream, web applications for things like e-mail, weather, traffic information, and so on will benefit from the ability for servers to notify clients when there is more current information Web Service Call Backs • Sometimes a web service needs to call another one after it is finished. • If a web service is exposed that delivers faxes, the fax will take a long time to send. When submitting the fax request, the calling service should make the request and then disconnect instead of waiting for the result. • The calling service eventually needs to know the result of the fax. • To enable this web service, callbacks are used. Summary • This chapter covered a lot of ground. Initially the chapter discussed overall web service concepts before diving into specific implementations of example services on a variety of technologies. The first walkthrough created an OData web service on the Linux platform. The next set of walkthroughs focused on three Microsoft technologies on the Windows platform: WCF, OData, and ASP.NET MVC. After understanding the walkthroughs, you learned that OData is a good choice for creating CRUD services without complex business logic very quickly. You have learned WCF provides a lot of functionality and customization, but much of it is not needed for web services. You have learned ASP.NET MVC is a great platform for developing web services with complex business logic, because it provides extreme flexibility without complex features getting in the way.

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