Option b

Marginal revenue product of X equals = Marginal product of X* marginal product of output = 10*5 = $ 50

Since 2000 , overall growth of global trade has doubled because of the following factors -

1 great expansion in the use of so-called global value chains (GVCs) by large manufacturers and retailers, involving the outsourcing of parts of the production process to firms located in different countries.

2 growth of China as a export oriented economy

3 globalisation and more integration

4 increase in multilateralism

However after 2007-8 ,world recession ,pace of growth has slowed and even turned negative due to cyclical fluctuations and structural imbalances

Due to Covid -19 , growth in world Trade will further decrease as the pandemic has adversely impacted almost every nation in the world

Presently Nations are trying to

1 reduce their dependency on the global value supply chains and be self reliant on their own

2 nation wants to decrease dependence on China as the most important factor in global value chains

3 protectionist policies are being taken by nations

4 blow to financial structure of the world due to less demand and less consumption and investment  

So it is less likely that growth will be same as in 2000's.

P(getting B- or better) = P(getting B- or better given submitted the assignment)*P(submitted the assignment) + P(getting B- or better given not submitted the assignment)* P(not submitted the asssignment)

P(getting B- or better) = 0.8*75% + 0.4* 25%

P(getting B- or better) = 60% + 10%

P(getting B- or better) = 70% answer (a)

(B ∩A1),(B ∩A2). . .(B ∩An) are mutually exclusive events:

P(B) = P(B ∩ A1) + P(B ∩ A2) + · · · + P(B ∩ An)

as P(B ∩ Ai) = P(B|Ai)P(Ai)

P(B) = P(B|A1)P(A1) + P(B|A2)P(A2) + · · · + P(B|An)P(An)

This is called total probability.