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1. For the Conclusion Discussion:

Please respond to all of the following items and number your responses as you write about them:

(1) What topic in this course did you find the most interesting and why?

(2) What topic in this course did you find the most uninteresting and why?

(3) What did you find difficult in this course?

(4) What did you find easy in this course?

(5) If you ever take another course similar to this course, what would you do differently in that course?

(6) Why do you think it is important to understand tools such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel in a programming course such as this course?

(7) How would you feel about taking an online programming course?

2. Please make every effort to contribute your own thoughts and not just mimic another person’s responses.

3. If someone else before you states what you were going to say, then state the person’s name, and explain the other person’s point in more detail, why you agree with them, and provide an example to further explain the point.
 

I need a tutor to help me answer these questions in a correct way.
I have attached the the class notes to refer to the topics we have been through this semester. And I’m sending other student’s example for REFERENCE ONLY.

CSC133 Introduction To Computer Science Using C++ Lecture Notes Version 4 Professor Picioccio MIDDLESEX COUNTY COLLEGE CSC133-NJP COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Version 4 Lecture Notes INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE USING C++ Page 1 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Lecture Notes I. Basic Concepts A. Hardware versus software B. Computers: 1. Perform arithmetic and comparisons capabilities 2. Follow precise instructions to perform an operation 3. Execute instructions quickly and accurately C. Information Processing Cycle: 1. Input Devices a. The keyboard is the most common input device b. The mouse is also a common input device 2. Output Devices a. Computers produce information and send it to the outside world. b. A video monitor is a common output device. 3. Process Information a. The processor, or central processing unit (CPU), processes information and performs all the necessary arithmetic calculations. 4. Store Information a. Memory and storage devices are used to store information b. Primary storage is the computer’s main memory c. Secondary storage uses disks or other media D. The CPU 1. The CPU is a complex collection of electronic circuits. 2. Interprets and executes instructions 3. Performs arithmetic and logical data manipulations 4. Communicates with the other parts of the computer system 5. The Computer’s Memory a. RAM (random access memory): (1) Is used to store program instructions and data temporarily (2) Unique addresses and data can be stored in any locatio (3) Can quickly retrieve information (4) Will not remain if power goes off (volatile) b. ROM (read-only memory): (1) Information is stored permanently on a chip (2) Contains startup instructions and other permanent data. E. Data and information storage 1. Bit Basics a. A bit (binary digit) b. Is the smallest unit of information c. Can have two values: 1 or 0 d. Can represent numbers, codes, or instructions 2. Bits as Numbers a. Each switch can be used to store a tiny amount of information, such as: (1) An answer to a yes/no question (2) A signal to turn on a light b. Larger chunks of information are stored by grouping bits as units MIDDLESEX COUNTY COLLEGE CSC133-NJP COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Version 4 Lecture Notes INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE USING C++ Page 2 __________________________________________________________________________________________ (1) 8 bits (byte) = 256 different messages 3. Bits as Instruction a. The computer stores instructions as collections of bits. b. For instance, 01101010 might instruct the computer to add two numbers. c. Other bit instructions might include where to find numbers stored in memory or where to store them. 4. Bits, Bytes, and categories of quantities a. Byte = 8 bits (1 character on the keyboard or one click) b. Kilobyte (KB) = 1 Thousand Bytes c. Megabytes (MB) = 1 Million Bytes d. Gigabytes (GB) = 1 Billion Bytes e. Terabytes (TB) = 1 Trillion Bytes F. Data Organization 1. bit = BInary Digit (1) Smallest representable value (2) 2 patterns (a) ASCII (b) EBCDIC 2. byte = 8 related bits 3. field = group of related bytes 4. record = group of related fields 5. file = group of related records (sometimes called a table) 6. database = group of related records or files G. Processing With Software Programs 1. Software programs are: a. Stored in memory b. Instructions that tell the computer what to do c. Designed to solve problems 2. Software programs can be: a. Purchased b. Leased c. Written H. The Language of Computers 1. Machine Language a. Numeric codes to represent data 2. High-level language a. Fall between machine language and natural human language 3. Compliers a. Translates high-level language into machine language 4. Natural Languages a. Include the languages spoken by humans I. System software is a class of software that includes 1. The operating system a. Tasks of the operating system (1) Communication with peripherals (2) Coordination of concurrent processing (3) Memory management (4) Monitoring of resources and security MIDDLESEX COUNTY COLLEGE CSC133-NJP COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Version 4 Lecture Notes INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE USING C++ Page 3 __________________________________________________________________________________________ (5) Management of programs and data (6) Coordinating network communications b. Where the Operating System Lives (1) Some computers store their operating system in RAM (2) Some computers store their operating system in ROM (3) Others include only part of it in ROM while the remaining system is loaded into memory (called booting) (4) Most of the time it works behind the scenes 2. Utility Programs a. Translate files so different software can read them b. Guarding against viruses c. Allow files and directories (folders) to be managed on storage devices J. How does a person get started to properly write software? 1. Programmers begin with an algorithm 2. An algorithm: a. Is a set of step-by-step instructions (written in a natural language, e.g., English) b. Is ambiguous c. Consists of error-prone generalities d. Is translated into the vocabulary of a programming language (such as C++) 3. An algorithm example containing Food for Thought: a. Combine 2 slightly beaten eggs with 1 tsp vanilla extract, ½ tsp cinnamon, 1 cup milk b. Dip 6 slices of bread in mixture c. Fry in small amount of butter until golden brown d. Serve bread with maple syrup, sugar, or tart jelly MIDDLESEX COUNTY COLLEGE CSC133-NJP COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Version 4 Lecture Notes INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE USING C++ Page 4 __________________________________________________________________________________________ II. The Programming Development Process A. Major phases: 1. Problem identification a. Provides a high level description of what needs to be done b. Identifies the major goals of what needs to be accomplished 2. Requirements analysis a. Gathers information on what the program should do b. Is similar to conducting an investigation 3. Requirements specifications a. Identifies the inputs, processes, outputs b. Identifies the functionality of the processes 4. Design of potential solution a. Diagrams the inputs and outputs b. Defines the data to be stored and processed c. Defines complex logic and formulas d. Defines the programming logic needed for complex logic 5. Implementation a. Translating the design into a programming language such as C++, Java, and Visual Basic b. Typing in the program code c. Compiling the code (1) Following programming language syntax (2) Converting source code into object code (a) Program text is typed into the text editor (such as C++, Java, and Visual Basic) (b) Compiler translates the program text into an object file (c) Linkage editor combines several object files to create an executable module (d) Object module is built which is the actual file that is executed d. Executing (running) the program (1) The operating system is first loaded (if not already done) (2) The executable C++ or Java or Visual Basic file is placed into primary memory (3) The program is executed e. Testing the program (1) Making sure the program works correctly (2) Activities to evaluate the testing process (a) Proper input is entered (b) Proper output is generated [1] To the printer [2] To the screen [3] To a data file(s) [4] Combination of all the above f. Types of errors (1) Syntax – violate the rules of the language (2) Logic – program works, but works incorrectly 6. Installation of fully tested and working software 7. Operation and maintenance MIDDLESEX COUNTY COLLEGE CSC133-NJP COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Version 4 Lecture Notes INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE USING C++ Page 5 __________________________________________________________________________________________ B. Understanding Algorithms: 1. Definition: a. Is a sequence of instructions to document programming logic b. Identifies how a specific problem should be solved c. Is a series of elementary operations and instructions about the order in which a problem should be solved d. Two methods of writing algorithms: flowcharts and pseudocode 2. Pseudocode: a. Describes the essential steps needed to complete the logic of a program b. Is written in an English-like format c. Is more commonly used today d. Is closer to programming language terminology 3. Important algorithm constructs: a. Sequence (1) Series of steps, one after the other (2) Example: (a) Pick up the jar (b) Hold the jar with one hand (c) Unscrew the lid of the jar (d) Take out the quantity wanted (e) Screw the lid back on to the jar (f) Put the jar back where it belongs b. Selection (1) Choice is selected from alternative paths (2) Examples: Single level: (a) If grade number > 70, then The student passes the course Else The student does not pass the course (b) Nested levels: If temperature >= 212, then Water = Boiling Else If temperature > 32 , then Water = Drinkable Else Water = Freezing End if End if c. Iteration (1) Repeating a series of steps a. Usually repeated until a condition is met to stop repeating (2) Simple repetitive examples: (a) Beat mixture briskly until firm (b) Open and close a door twice (3) A programmable example: MIDDLESEX COUNTY COLLEGE CSC133-NJP COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Version 4 Lecture Notes INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE USING C++ Page 6 __________________________________________________________________________________________ a. Display a message 3 times: Set count to 1 While count 0 Calculate Count = Count + 1 Calculate Sum = Sum + Number Input Number End while Compute Average = Sum / Count Display Count, Sum, Average MIDDLESEX COUNTY COLLEGE CSC133-NJP COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Version 4 Lecture Notes INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE USING C++ Page 8 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Algorithm Challenges: a. Write separate algorithms and at least one full test case for each of the following: (1) Make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich where there is a choice of two types of bread, two types of peanut butter, and three types of jelly. Input the peanut butter choice, jelly choice, and bread choice, and explain how to make the sandwich after the choices are determined. (2) Input and then add two daily sales amounts together, display them, calculate and then display the total of the numbers, determine which is the larger number, display the larger number, determine their average, display the average. (3) Input and sum 2 test grades, then input and sum 3 quiz grades, calculate the test average and display it, calculate the quiz average and display it. Then, determine whether the quiz or the test average is larger, and display which one is larger. (4) Input two variables to determine which of the following to bring with you based on the weather by building a selection structure for all the possible weather conditions: (a) An umbrella is needed if it is raining (b) Boots are needed if it is snowing (c) A jacket is needed if the temperature is below 70 degrees (d) A coat is needed if the temperature is below 40 degrees (e) Otherwise, just bring yourself Display the items that should be brought with you. (5) Read in an unknown set of numbers until a negative number is read in, accumulate each number but do not include the negative number, calculate the average of the numbers, display the count, sum and average. MIDDLESEX COUNTY COLLEGE CSC133-NJP COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Version 4 Lecture Notes INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE USING C++ Page 9 __________________________________________________________________________________________ III. The C++ Environment A. A simple program: Comments: // Simple Program 1 // // Purpose: To demonstrate the parts of a simple C++ program Compiler Directive: #include Main Function: int main( ) { cout 10) 11 cout = low) && (pressure months; // Respond to the user's menu selection. switch (choice) { case 1: charges = months * ADULT; break; case 2: charges = months * CHILD; break; case 3: charges = months * SENIOR; } // Display the monthly charges. cout