Homework answers / question archive / Alkhalidi 1 Inas Alkhalidi RWS305W-65 Professor: Matt Copeland 05/08/2021 Analysis of Scholarly Ethos in Dorantes and Joel’s Business and Finance Staff: Impact and Success at Private Colleges and Universities The top leadership department plays a critical role in shaping an organization's success

Alkhalidi 1 Inas Alkhalidi RWS305W-65 Professor: Matt Copeland 05/08/2021 Analysis of Scholarly Ethos in Dorantes and Joel’s Business and Finance Staff: Impact and Success at Private Colleges and Universities The top leadership department plays a critical role in shaping an organization's success

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Alkhalidi 1 Inas Alkhalidi RWS305W-65 Professor: Matt Copeland 05/08/2021 Analysis of Scholarly Ethos in Dorantes and Joel’s Business and Finance Staff: Impact and Success at Private Colleges and Universities The top leadership department plays a critical role in shaping an organization's success. However, their performance is influenced by the support provided by the mid-level leaders. Dorantes and Joel offer a comprehensive study concerning the impact and success of mid-level business and fiancé staff in higher institutions. The authors begin by creating awareness about the rapid growth of colleges and universities over the past decades. This analysis explores the use of ethos in Dorantes and Joel's article that focuses on the impact and success of business and finance employees in higher education institutions. First, the authors introduce their topic by mentioning the social, political, and economic impacts of colleges and universities. This approach helps in emphasizing the importance of researching the topic. Accordingly, the article highlights the research gaps within the higher education field, as previous studies have merely focused on executive administrators. While previous research has provided insight on higher education institutions' leadership, they have failed to target the lower-level administrations. An important aspect in this article is that the authors term the lower administration’s functions as an under-researched function (Pg. 1). Essentially, the idea, in this case, is to gain the reader's attention on the main focus of the research. The authors’ objectives go beyond the impacts and success of the lower administrators. Their study attempts to provide an insight into the relationships between staff functions, individuals, and their institutions. Alkhalidi 2 The use of ethos in the article is evident in how the authors review the literature presented by previous researchers. Dorantes and Joel proceed to establish a foundation for their research by indicating the trends brought by the increased number of institutions. First, the trends have significantly impacted economic, social, political, and cultural aspects within communities, nations, and societies. The second impact has been the rise of professionalization and bureaucratization of the leadership. Previous studies on these trends have brought a new perspective regarding organizational structures. In this case, the authors use previous literature to direct the audience towards the under-researched area. Further, the authors emphasize the role of professional development on staff and departments, institutions, higher education, and eventually society. Throughout the literature review, the authors cite credible sources that have attempted to explore the topic. For instance, literature on mid-level staff has addressed various issues such as job satisfaction, lack of career path, and development while neglecting the mid-level business employees (Pg. 2). The authors clarify the complexities introduced by the increased numbers of institutions. Between 2017 and 2018, there were 4,298 post-secondary institutions in the United States (Pg. 3). The comparison between the recent and previous figures provides the readers with a perspective of changes within the higher education sector. As such, the authors manage to convince the audience about the gaps in literature due to the changing environment. With the changing student demographics, higher institutions are expected to support students with disabilities, LQBTQ students, veterans, and unprepared students. By offering this perspective, the authors emphasize how the new work environments impact the business and finance staff. Thus, staff members in this area require mentorship to manage the complex roles in their institutions. Alkhalidi 3 The authors' chosen framework is appropriate for studying the relationships between the staff, their roles, and interactions within different levels. Bronfenbrenner's ecological environmental model dictates that individuals' development is impacted by everything in their environment (Pg.3). In this case, the authors connect different relationships concerning the business and finance staff. The model addresses a multi-level social interaction, where a person’s interaction with successive remote environments is deemed vital to their development. The author's methodology involves twenty-five individuals, where the participants are from different positions. For instance, the study includes assistant vice presidents, chief financial officers, or controllers. This approach aligns with the main focus of the research, the lower administrative departments. Most importantly, the respondents were chosen from different institutions that include suburban, rural, and urban institutions. In this case, the authors have an opportunity to obtain diverse information. The study design reinforces the authors' ethos, as it seeks to get information directly from the staff about their experiences. An important consideration by the authors is the inclusion of survey questions. The authors mention that some interviews were conducted over the phone, while others were conducted in-person (Pg. 5). In this case, the authors portray honesty by highlighting the nature of the research methodology. The authors introduce the findings by first summarizing the nature of the participants, where most of them are identified as whites. Their attempts to appeal to the readers' emotions are constrained by the fact that the participants were requested to rate their performance. In this case, rating one's own performance increases the likelihood of bias, as they may present false information. As indicated in the results, about half of the respondents rated their performance as above average. Regarding the departmental environment, participants seemed to have a good working relationship with their supervisors. Presenting the results about mentorship in Alkhalidi 4 percentage form contributes to the ethos, as it gives the reader a proper overview of the responses. The authors present the findings in a detailed manner while avoiding the use of accusatory language that may mislead the readers. For instance, the authors quote the response from one participant as “When I began my career, I did not want to make a mistake…” (pg. 8). As a result, the authors practice honesty by avoiding the use of personal opinions. The model applied in the study aligns with the main topic, as it illustrates interactions from different perspectives and how they relate to each other. The article is presented in a comprehensive manner, as different topics are included to improve readability. Finally, the authors disclose the limitations of their research reinforce their passion for acquiring a deeper understanding of the topic. Essentially, this factor is aimed to encourage more research on the topic using a larger sample, as the authors highlight the small number of the respondents as a major constraint. Conclusively, the authors demonstrate great concern for the topic by establishing the connections between different aspects within the higher education institutions' environment. By first exploring existing literature, the authors direct the readers to the gaps within their target topic. Indeed, Dorantes and Joel establish a new perspective within organizations, which offers important knowledge for finance staff and management in higher education institutions. The authors exhibit honesty in the way they conclude the results from the study, as they found no factors led to success and impact by business and finance staff in colleges and universities. In addition, they relate their findings with previous research that showed no individual or environmental factor influenced staff success and impact in higher education institutions. The authors have developed a better understanding among the readers, as the target audience would use the information to foster success and development in their respective Alkhalidi 5 institutions. The nature of their delivery also encourages other scholars to cite their findings, because their methods include the use of credible sources. Overall, the use of honesty in the authors’ tone contributes to the overall success of the article. Alkhalidi 6 Works Cited Dorantes, Andrew R., and Joel LA Peterson. "Business and Finance Staff: Impact and Success at Private Colleges and Universities." New Directions for Higher Education 2020.189 (2020): 57-70.