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Amend  Questions    1

History

Amend  Questions 


 

1. What are the four main provisions of the 14th Amendment? 





 

2. Will Smith says that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction & for every revolution there is a counter-revolution. What does he mean by this in the context of the 14th Amendment?






 

3. What impact did the Supreme Court have on the application of the 14th Amendment in 

  • Slaughterhouse Cases
  • U.S. vs. Cruikshank 
  • Civil Rights Cases
  • Plessy vs. Ferguson 





 

4. What is the Lost Cause myth & how did it permeate into American culture? 





 

5. How was violence used against African-Americans and their supporters to forcibly prevent them for enjoying their freedoms? 

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Question 1

Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause are all included in the 14 amendment's first section.

 

Question 2

 The 14th Amendment is a topic that is rarely discussed in the public sphere, given its significance. Unlike the first and second amendments, the tenets of the tenth amendment have had a profound impact on how Americans view citizenship and the rights to equality and freedom that all citizens of the United States enjoy today.

Will Smith means that  the promise of America is at its core, and even if you don't remember every word, that's fine. And thus it goes like this:. A citizen of the United States is one who was born in the country. In addition, everyone in the United States enjoys what's known as "equal protection" under the law. As a result, no one can take away our rights or legal protections without due process.

Question 3

  1. During the Slaughterhouse Cases of 1873, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment's privileges and immunities provision was no longer protected by the Constitution. Since then, the slaughtering business in New Orleans has been controlled by just one company. It was claimed that the monopoly violated slaughterhouses' rights as U.S. citizens and deprived them of property without adequate legal process, therefore they filed suit.
  2. Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the 14th Amendment apply solely to state action, not to individual citizens' abuses of civil rights, the Supreme Court said in Cruikshank v. United States. State legislatures and courts in the South would be the only places where African Americans' civil rights would be safeguarded. According to the Supreme Court, the 15th Amendment did not create the right to vote, but it did create "the right of exemption from the prohibited discrimination" on the basis of race, color, or previous servitude, in addition to interpreting the 14th Amendment's Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses.
  3. The Supreme Court generally limited the application of the 14th Amendment's protections to the state and local level in its early judgments regarding this amendment. The Supreme Court's judgment in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that racial segregation in public places did not violate the 14th Amendment's equal protection provision helped cement the infamous Jim Crow laws in the South for decades to come.
  4. In May 1896, the Supreme Court ruled 7-1 against Plessy, stating that while Louisiana law offered legal equality between whites and blacks, it did not and could not force the elimination of all "discriminations based on race." Although the lawyers for Plessy argued that the Louisiana law implied black people were inferior, the court rejected their arguments, and supported the state legislatures' inherent capacity to control health care, safety, and morals—known as the "police power"—and to determine the validity of legislation. Laws that distinguish passengers by race are unlawful because the Constitution "is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among people," according to Justice John Marshall Harlan.

Step-by-step explanation

Question 4

The Lost Cause, an interpretation of the American Civil War seen by most historians as a fiction that aims to maintain the honor of the South by painting the Confederate defeat in the best possible light. Asserts that it was the Union's overwhelming advantage in manpower and resources that led to the defeat, while reminiscing about an antebellum South where slave masters and their slaves were apparently benign and pleased. To overturn Reconstruction and restore white dominance in the Jim Crow period, it was used as the philosophical basis for racial violence and terrorism. National reconciliation was made possible by its widespread acceptance by all sides, but civil rights for African Americans had to be sacrificed in order to do so. For every big conflict, there is a battle for the preservation of its memory. Emotional, logistical, and physical difficulties are common in the aftermath of conflict. The harvest of conflict is always accompanied by great loss.

 

Question 5

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s is largely remembered through the powerful images that appeared in newspapers and on television during that time period. As the protests spread across the country, the public was exposed to pictures of young people who were determined to shape their own futures. With antagonism, ambivalence from the federal government, and mob and police violence thrown at them, they were forced to flee Protests and political organizing by African Americans, such as voter registration drives and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, were used as a means of retaliation against racist policies. It was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that were the most significant accomplishments. It's hard not to be moved by the visuals, which may be both upsetting and uplifting at the same time. However, they are unable to present the tale of the Civil Rights Movement in their entirety. They need to be placed in their context.

Civil Rights Act of 1866 and Amendments 13, 14, and 15 to the Constitution allowed African Americans to participate in the political process, acquire land from previous owners, seek employment, and use public accommodations during an era following the Civil War. Progress toward freedom for former slaves was quickly met with opposition from those who had fought for it, and those who had fought against it began to devise ways to undermine it.