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Homework answers / question archive / *Please answer the following QUESTIONS on the form provided below in the order that is indicated in the “Case Study Review Example” 1 What did you find most interesting about the case study? 2

*Please answer the following QUESTIONS on the form provided below in the order that is indicated in the “Case Study Review Example” 1 What did you find most interesting about the case study? 2

Sociology

*Please answer the following QUESTIONS on the form provided below in the order that is indicated in the “Case Study Review Example” 1 What did you find most interesting about the case study? 2. What was the author's primary position or main concern? 3. What evidence did he use to support his position? 4. What is the significance of the article as it relates to environmental science? 5. How might an average citizen respond to what you have read, and what can you do about it? . Case Study Review Example 1. What did you find most interesting? The impact that a lake's loss of water could have on great distances 2. What was the author's primary position or main concern? Reduced water supply in the not too distant future can threaten the south western region of the U.S and Mexico in the not too distant future 3. What evidence did he use to support the position? Miscalculation of water flow volume in 1922 granted and increases in farming and developments have demanded far more water than was anticipated. Massive water divergent projects in Colorado can impact water supplies to large regions and urban areas, i.e., Phoenix ,Los Angeles, Tucson, and Mexico Anticipated Climate changes will impact on river flows over the next 50 years Water levels in regional lakes are receding to 50 % of its maximum level from which water can produce power (Drawn off by Gravity) United Nations warning that water supplies are likely to become one of the most pressing environmental issues of the Twenty first century 4. What is the significance of the article as it relates to environmental science? Farming concerns, Impact on wild life, healthy atmosphere, industry, population density ,temperature 5. How might the average citizen respond to what you have read, and what can you do about this situation?? • Alert my community leaders threatened by similar conditions Join a local environmental protection organization Case Study Answer Sheet Spring 2021 Name Date Grade will be based on comprehensiveness within borders provided. You must use this form! Grades range from 100 to Unacceptable. All responses must be made within the space provided for each item. (1 PAGE ONLY !!!!) You lose 15 pts. If you use more than one page !!!!!) Print on one side. Case Study Chapter & Title: Responses Print all responses with 10-11 fonts !!!!! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 12:28 PM Fri May 7 84% Aa 10 a D FIGURE 11.1 California's water system uses hundreds of miles of aqueducts to deliver water over the mountains and across deserts from the Sierras and the Colorado Rockies. Source: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [HAER CA-298-AH-4 (CT)] Agriculture in arid southern California also was a modest affair before the aqueducts. Ranchers could graze livestock in the hills, but thirsty crops like almonds, oranges, and tomatoes couldn't survive in most of this dry country. Then irrigation turned the desert into a garden. Agriculture now uses 80 percent of California's water and produces a quarter of the food Americans eat. Most of this water originates as snowpack in the Sierra Nevada, the “snowy range” in Spanish. The Sierras catch and store moisture, in the form of snow and rain, coming in from the Pacific Ocean. Normally, snow has accumulated to depths exceeding 4 m (13 ft) at high elevations. Snow melts well into the summer, feeding the lakes and rivers that keep the region's aqueducts full. Snowmelt also powers the state's hydroelectric dams. When rivers no longer have enough water to run hydropower stations, electricity may become more expensive. Snowmelt in the Sierra has decreased for three related reasons. First is drought: Precipitation always varies over decades, but the drought leading up to the water-saving mandate was the worst ever recorded in the state. It may have been the worst in 1,000 years or more. Second is short winters: Global patterns of climate warming have produced warmer winters here, with shorter snow seasons, more precipitation that falls as rain instead of snow, and earlier melting in the spring. Third is rising temperatures and increased evapotranspiration: In a warmer climate, water evaporates faster and plants use more moisture than in a cool climate. Hotter temperatures raise water demands in valley farm fields, but they also reduce water supplies coming down from the mountains. How can water use be cut? Governor Brown's rule included restrictions on watering golf courses and cemeteries, bans on using potable water for landscape watering, and incentives to replace 50 million square feet of irrigated lawns with dry landscaping. Financial assistance was provided to help residents purchase water-saving washing machines, toilets, and shower heads. Agricultural water use restrictions were not specified, but better reporting of water use was required. A city that failed to comply could be fined $10,000 per day. By the time of the new rules, most Californians were already well aware of the crisis. Some cities had already started removing lawns and giving incentives for water-saving appliances. Farmers without legal water rights had been forced to idle half a million acres of land in 2014. The main disagreements voiced publicly about the water restrictions was that they didn't go far enough, or they did too little to address the vast amount of agricultural irrigation. In this chapter we will explore the world's water resources, how they are distributed, and how they are used. In the long run it remains to be seen whether water is really for fighting over or if the world's governments, cities, and farmers can accommodate a warming climate and its impacts on the water of life. Page 254 I tell you gentlemen; you are piling up a heritage of conflict and litigation of water rights, for there is not sufficient water to supply the land. jij U IK ... 254 Pg. 283 12:27 PM Fri May 7 84% Aa 10 a D CASE STUDY A Water State of Emergency t's often said in the American West that whisky is for drinking, and water is for fighting. This old line has new resonance lately in California, where many of the state's 39 million people, and the country's most productive farmland, have struggled with persistent drought. What the future holds is uncertain, but climatologists say it's unlikely that the coming decades will bring much relief to the drought. In spring 2015, California's governor, Jerry Brown, declared the state's first ever mandatory water use restrictions. Following 4 years of the worst drought in 120 years of record keeping, and after a year of unsuccessful efforts to encourage voluntary reductions, Governor Brown announced a mandatory 25 percent cut in water consumption. The cuts could be enforced with fines if necessary. At the time of the declaration, snowpack in the nearby Sierra Nevada Mountains, which normally provide one-third of the state's water, stood at less than 6 percent of normal. Both cities and farms in California have grown and prospered on imported water, delivered from the Sierra Nevada or even farther afield. In 1913, when the Los Angeles Aqueduct opened, Los Angeles was a city of 350,000. The aqueduct delivered water from the Owens Valley 200 miles away, and it was the beginning of a vast network of pipes, pumps, and canals that has allowed Los Angeles to mushroom to a city of 10 million, with another 8 million in the surrounding region. With almost no surface water in the city, every Angeleno depends on imported water, or on water pumped from underground, to drink, bathe, wash cars, and water lawns (fig. 11.1). jij C K ... 254 Pg. 283 12:27 PM Fri May 7 84% Aa 1» a Page 252 11 CHAPTER 11 Water: Resources and Pollution nie Years of historic drought and declining snowpack have threatened water resources that support California's cities, farms, and hydropower. ©Justin Sullivan/Getty Images LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: Where does our water come from? How do we use it? Where and why do water shortages occur? How can we increase water supplies? What are some costs of these methods? ? How can you conserve water? What is water pollution? What are its sources and effects? Why are sewage treatment and clean water important in developing countries? How can we control water pollution? Page 253 CASE STUDY : C IK ... 253 Pg. 283

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