1. Which of the following refers to costs that are NOT taken into account when a price is assigned to a product or service?

external costs

2. 36. Which of the following is NOT an internal cost?

air pollution

3. 4. Which of the following best describes earth's early atmosphere?

No oxygen, high CO2, high CH4

4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Life first evolved 3.8 billion years ago and was heterotrophic.

5. Which is anoxygenic photosynthesis?

CO2 + 2H2S CH2O + 2S + 2H2O

6. Which of these occurred as a result of the loss of wolves from the Yellowstone ecosystem?

Willow trees disappeared over time.

7. With each increasing trophic level d15N values increase this much

3%

8. Net Primary Productivity is _________.

How much energy from producers is available to higher trophic levels.

9. Human development tends to _______ habitat edges, favoring _______ species.

a. increase; edge

10. 17. What is an endemic species?

b. A species found only in one region and nowhere else in the world.