1. What is a horse's average temperature?

90-101 degrees

2. What is a horse's average pulse?

30-40 beats per a minute

3. What is a foals average pulse?

70-120 beats per a minute

4. What is a yearlings average pulse?

45-60 beats per a minute

5. A rate higher then 50 shows?

signs of physical stress (excitement, nervousness, pain, diseas)

6. Where can the pulse be read?

facial artery, fetlock, or behind elbow

7. How do you read the pulse?

count beats for 15 seconds then times by 4. take it three times and calculate average.

8. What is the average respiration?

15-18 breathes per a minute

9. How do you read the respiration?

watch rib cage, watch nostrils

10. What does CRT stand for?

capillary refill time

11. What are the mucus membranes?

nose, eye, gum lines

12. If gums are moist pink?

healthy good blood circulation

13. if gums are pale pink?

capillaries have retracted, indicator of fever or blood loss

14. If gums are bright red?

capillaries are enlarged, indicated toxicity or mild shock

15. If gums are gray or blue?

severe shock, from depression or illness

16. If gums are yellow?

liver problems

17. How to test for dehydration?

skin pinch, skin should go down within 2 seconds, longer it stays up the more dehydrated the horse is.

18. arterial bleeding?

squirting, bright red, under pressure

19. Venous bleeding?

oozing, dark red blood

20. How to treat bleeding?

first: stop the bleeding with direct pressure for five minutes
second: assess the situation and decide if the vet is needed