Pathophysiology

Section A

Post-concussion Syndrome is one of the most common post-traumatic brain syndromes, with over 40 to 80% of people have experienced mild traumatic brain injury reporting symptoms for the syndrome (Walker & W. Lacey, 2020). Post-traumatic syndrome symptoms normally occur within 7 to 10 days of the injury and last for three months or up to a year.  Some of the symptoms of post-concussion syndrome include Severe headaches, dizziness, insomnia, amnesia, and memory impairment. According to Graham (2016), non-contact aerobic exercises play a major role in rehabilitating individuals suffering from prolonged post-concussion symptoms as long as the individual ensures they do not get injured while exercising. Exercises increase the brain chemicals that promote neuroplasticity and neurogenesis hence enabling a swift recovery (Huether & McCance, 2019). However, the best prevention activity for the post-concussion syndrome is to avoid head injuries in any activity. Head injuries are the main cause of post-concussion syndrome; therefore, individuals should protect themselves from head injuries. Some of the activities to protect oneself from head injuries include fastening seatbelts when in a car, using helmets whenever necessary, and taking actions to prevent falls, such as improving lighting in the house.

Section B

SIADH is the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The syndrome is a condition in which the body secretes an excessive antidiuretic hormone, thus increasing water retention in the body (Wisse, 2019).  Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone has several different causes. Some of the common causes include medicines such as type two diabetes drugs, antidepressants, and cancer drugs. However, there are also rare causes such as mental disorders or rare diseases of the hypothalamus.  An individual diagnosed with SIADH does not secrete enough water; hence there is an excess of water in the blood diluting substances such as sodium in blood while making the individual's urine more concentrated (Huether & McCance, 2019). Therefore, the patient's mother should expect the patient to display symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, complaints of severe headaches, issues with balance that may cause the patient to fall, and mental changes that cause confusion, memory problems, and strange behaviors. In severe cases, SIADH may even result in seizures or a coma.  However, several treatment options are depending on the cause of SIADH. In cases of a tumor affecting the hypothalamus, the patient will undergo surgery to remove the tumor. In cases of medicine causing SIADH, the patient will have to switch the medicine they are using. Therefore, the diagnosis of the cause of the syndrome is the guiding factor in the syndrome's treatment procedure.