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Please discuss the topic Subjective Relativism which is an epistemological issue
Please discuss the topic Subjective Relativism which is an epistemological issue. Question: What's wrong with being a subjective relativist, in your view?
Please read the chapter two information on subjective relativism and watch the video. Attached you will find some additional information on this topic that addresses the related Ethical Relativism issue. Be sure to understand the distinction between them. We will return to this topic later on in Chapter 11.Create your post and respond to two classmates.
Ethical Relativism problem
EthicsDefinition: The study of character, morals, human conduct, and human values, right and wrong.
1. Ethical Relativism: An individual prescriptive or descriptive stance regarding the theory that there are no morally binding universal standards for all peoples. Descriptive=and empirical study. Normative=what ought to be or what we should do.
2. Cultural Relativism: A descriptive or prescriptive stance regarding the relativity of values in cultures.
3. Both 1 and 2 are in contradistinction to Ethical Objectivism.
4. Ethical Objectivism: One or more moral principles are objectively binding on all peoples. A normative stance (i.e. implies obligation).
5. Ethical Absolutism: When a theory admits of no exceptions (i.e. “an exceptionless command” such as Kant’s Categorical Imperative).
6. “Although all ethical absolutists are ethical objectivists, not all ethical objectivists are ethical absolutists.
Ethical objectivists believe that universal moral principles exist but that many of these principles allow for exceptions.”( see p.215)
Five Problems with Ethical Relativism
a) Ethical Relativism in no way guarantees tolerance; rather, each individual society decides arbitrarily what it wants to be tolerant about.
b) Ethical Relativism can justify brutal and inhumane actions.
c) There is at least one universal moral principle that can be found.
d) Genuine moral progress requires a transcultural moral standard, but ethical relativism rules out there being such a standard, and so cannot account for the moral progress that has in fact taken place.
e) If we leave decisions of right and wrong up to the majority of each society, then on issues for which the vote is close, the rightness of an action, such as capital punishment, could vary from day to day.
Stewart Kelly, Thinking Well, an Introduction to Critical Thinking, (Mayfield Publishing Co., 2001), pp. 207-218.
Also, I need response to this student please
Subjective relativism is the action of something being approved by one person, but it may be disapproved by another. Not everyone will agree and approve of behavior at the same time, at the space place. Every person has their own beliefs and morality of what they believe is right. We can not impose what we believe on what others believe in. Each individual has a different morality and most do not have the same rightness from wrong actions. For example, in the video, the speaker states, " people say everything is relative, even truth..." This inference is wrong because truth to an individual might not be true for another.
In my opinion, it is not best to be a subjective relativist because every individual has their own beliefs and what they think is right or wrong. Not everyone is going to like being told something is one way or the other. Something I feel is right of doing; another individual might find it is a bad idea.
and this one too
Ethics is concerned with the definition of deciding what is good or bad and morally right or wrong. Subjective relativism holds the idea that an individual chooses to what is right or wrong for themselves. It is based on the notion that what is right for a particular individual may not be right for another person. Therefore, each individual decides what is right for them and what is wrong. For example, abortion might be the right thing to do for a specific person and wrong for someone else. An individual is in charge of their values which vary from one person to another. There is no concept of moral principle is subjective relativism, and each behavior and action is based on an individual's desire.
I believe that subjective relativism is wrong because it gives individuals room to claim that their actions are morally right if they approve of it, regardless of the harm it might have on others. This would mean that even in the most severe cases of an evil action, there are no universal concepts of wrong or right. Also, I believe that subjective relativism is wrong because each person would have their own rules that might distort society's peace. This lacks a concept of the guiding principles of right and wrong. Molarity guides people on what is wrong and right and what characters an individual is supposed to develop, and which characters not to create. Subjective relativism denies culture and society the right to decide what is right or wrong. In deciding on any moral opinion, each person is capable of being in error. Therefore, subjective relativism is wrong because whatever individuals think is right for them cannot be suitable for the entire population.
Expert Solution
Subjective Relativism
Subjective relativism refers to the view that a given act is morally acceptable if someone approves it to be correct. In a philosophical context, it declares that a person has authority over their moral life. Every individual is said to be the source of their moral principles in life (Merlo & Pravato, 2020). In this reasoning, people have the right to decide on what they view as wrong or right.
In subject relativism, an act can either be right or wrong. Therefore, it means action can be right for a particular person but be wrong for another person. Individuals who believe in subject relativism justify this by different mechanisms (Merlo & Pravato, 2020). They argue that the constitution entitles them to freedom. It entails the freedom of conscience. All individuals have the right to think and make a reasonable conclusion on ethical and social issues without anyone objecting to them to do so.
In my view, relativists are wrong as the wrongness or rightness of a situation is determined by a person or individual cultures. Relativists do not believe in making errors because they conclude their moral rightness or wrongness based on their opinions. As a result, individuals contrast in moral opinions to those put in place by society. Therefore, they oppose moral absoluteness. Some actions may be regarded as ethically right in particular cultures, and they may be ethically wrong in others. Individuals are left to decide on their moral life and moral principles regardless of what some cultures dictate. Such individuals may justify actions seen as inhuman by some communities, but they are okay with the actions. In my opinion, good morals will exist only in societies that allow a breed of many cultures in place to determine the rightness or wrongness of a situation.
Response 1
Hello,
This is an interesting discussion post; continue with the great work! For a long time, I have met people who have had different people who do things that are regarded wrong in my community. For instance, marrying one’s relative is permissible in some cultural groups; this can be regarded as taboo in mine. This conveys the idea of subjective relativism. What do you think would happen to society if everyone believed their actions are morally right? We would live in a society full of wicked and immoral individuals.
Response 2
Hello,
Subjective relativism as a concept insinuates that every action can be morally right if the doer can justify it. Is it right to judge the action based on the beliefs of the individuals? Can this approach be used to judge the rightness or wrongness of an action? I support your view that subjectivism could be used as a loophole by people to do what is wrong. People can use it as a tool to justify their evil deeds.
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