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Homework answers / question archive / Assignment Instructions: For this Assignment, you will write a 6-8-page paper discussing the developmental concerns across three life stages using the case study provided
Assignment Instructions: For this Assignment, you will write a 6-8-page paper discussing the developmental concerns across three life stages using the case study provided. Use at least three academic sources from the Library. Read the Carlos: Case Study which I have attached in the other attachment uploaded. Carlos is a well-nurtured, well-groomed, and polite 9-year-old boy. Molly, Carlos? mother, has brought him to your office because Carlos appears to be struggling in school both academically and socially. The purpose of this paper is for you to present a developmental profile of the child that explains their individual growth using biological, social, psychosocial, cognitive, and environmental theories. Include the following in your paper: ? ? ? ? ? Evaluate the impact that environmental influences (e.g., SES, maternal nutrition, teratogens, etc.) have on the biological development of unborn and newly born children as applied to the case provided. Explain the developmental concerns of early childhood using the theories and concepts learned involved in the case provided. Describe the developmental concerns of middle childhood using the theories involved in the case provided. Explore the impact of multiculturism and diversity as applied to the case provided. Design at least three interventions to address the presenting concerns in the case provided. The Assignment should: Follow Assignment directions (review grading rubric for best results). ? Use correct APA formatting per the APA Publication Manual, (6th ed.). ? Demonstrate college-level communication through the composition of original materials in Standard English. ? Be written in Standard English and be clear, specific, and error-free. ? Your paper should include: ? Title Page ? ? Main Body of the paper Reference Page Case Study: Carlos Molly provided a brief description of her background during the initial intake. She is the second oldest of five children born in a traditional Hispanic family. She was raised in the Catholic faith. Her parents divorced when she was 12 years old. Molly’s mother is a preschool teacher and her father is a mechanic. Molly’s father is also re-married and has two young children with his wife. Her father and stepmother live in a near-by state. Molly has not seen them since Carlos was seven years old but speaks to her father by phone a few times per year. Molly’s older brother is currently incarcerated on drug related changes and is expected to be released in the next five years. Her younger sister died in a car accident returning home from a high school dance her senior year in high school. Molly’s youngest two siblings have families of their own and live out of state. Molly stated that she gave birth to Carlos when she was 19 years old. She met Carlos’ father in high school. They dated on and off before the pregnancy. She did not seek immediate medical attention when she realized she was pregnant but was prompted by a friend at around 6 months to see an obstetrician. Carlos’ father, Mike, was the youngest of two boys born in a Caucasian family. His parents divorced when he was very small. He does not know his father well as he distanced himself from the family following the divorce. His mother remarried shortly after and Mike reports a turbulent relationship with his stepfather. Mike began attending the alternative school after being caught trying to sell street drugs in 8th grade. Molly reported a turbulent relationship with Carlos’ father. She stated that he drank alcohol often. He was violent towards Molly at times and would grab, yell, and push her. Molly’s mother did not approve of their relationship and cut ties with Molly after learning of the pregnancy. She lived with Carlos’ father for most of the pregnancy but there were times when she would have to seek shelter with friends when he was violent or kicked her out of the apartment. She further reports that she smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol to the point of intoxication prior to learning of the pregnancy. Molly indicated that the pregnancy and delivery were relatively uneventful. Carlos was 7 pounds at birth. She states that she had a difficult time nursing him and at the time, the pediatrician reported that Carlos was behind the normal growth pattern. She also reported that Carlos cried a lot and was often difficult to console. When Carlos was approximately 9 months old, Molly sought assistance from a local battered women’s organization. Molly and Carlos were placed in a group home with other mothers and their children. She returned to live with Carlos’s father when Carlos was approximately 1-yearold but had to return to the group home shortly thereafter. She worked as a waitress during this time. Molly relied on friends to care for Carlos while she worked and reported that he did not have stable daycare until he was 2 years old when he began attending the daycare center where Molly’s mother worked. Molly remembered that Carlos did not seem upset when left with friends nor was he excited when she returned. She described this behavior as Carlos being “a good baby”. Carlos’ father took Molly to court to secure visitation. Carlos would spend some weekends with his paternal grandparents but much less time with his father. She was awarded $200.00 a month child support. Molly stated that over the years she receives much less and often doesn’t receive any child support to help with expenses. When Carlos was approximately three years old, they returned to live with her mother. Molly continued to work as a waitress. Carlos would stay with friends or attend daycare while Molly was at work. The assistance that Molly received from her mother was very helpful but at times would lead to disagreements about how best to care for Carlos. When Carlos turned five years old, Molly relocated across town into a two-bedroom apartment. She indicated that Carlos regressed when they moved into the new apartment by speaking “baby-talk” and had a couple of weeks in which he had several incidences of enuresis. She stated that she used punishment at the time and that helped end the accidents at night. Carlos was behind his peers academically when he began kindergarten because he did not know his colors except for primary colors; he couldn’t count to 20 consistently; and he did not know the alphabet in full. He would interact with the other children for only brief periods of time and most of these interactions ended with Carlos getting angry. Molly stated that the teachers as well as Carlos’ pediatrician indicated at the time that this was normal. Molly reports that she married Carlos’ stepfather when Carlos was 6 years old. Carlos continued to see his paternal grandparents until he was five years old, but these visits have tapered off significantly. Carlos now sees his biological father once every 3-6 months for brief visits. Carlos has two younger sisters both of which are under 3-years-old. Molly stated that she is currently working at a preschool and her husband delivers appliances. Carlos is currently in the 4th grade. Molly indicated that Carlos accepts that his stepfather is in authority but does not seem to have the relationship she thinks he should with his stepfather. Carlos tends to be an average student but struggles to maintain even a B/C average. Molly has noticed that it takes Carlos more time to grasp concepts and believes this is because he is not very interested in school. She stated that his teachers have indicated that Carlos appears very shy and not engaged most of the time. Carlos generally complies with directions but will, at times, talk back. Teachers report that Carlos can do the work but often does not appear interested. He tends to stay to himself and when he interacts with other children, it ends quickly with Carlos appearing upset or angry. At home, Carlos is generally compliant but will talk back or slam doors when asked to complete a chore. He tends to be dismissive of his younger sisters. Your initial impression of Carlos is one of a quiet and respectful little boy. He sat quietly next to his mother as she discussed her concerns. When interacting with you, Carlos was initially hesitant, but he appropriately answered questions. As his mother tended to the younger siblings, Carlos handed her necessities out of the diaper bag and sat quietly on the coach. Carlos reported that he has few friends at school. Molly reported that Carlos is uncoordinated and physically smaller than other boys his age. Carlos tends to spend a lot of time alone which Molly attributes to the busy work schedules she and her husband have. He usually plays video games or draws. He indicated that he is made fun of at school and on the bus. He would like to be a professional baseball player when he grows up because his dad likes baseball too. Carlos expressed to you his desire to not get into trouble at school anymore and to do better with his studies. Overall, Carlos was engaging and responsive throughout the initial interview.
Carlos Developmental Profile
Impact of Environmental Influences on the Biological Development of Unborn and Newly Born Children.
Most living organisms are significantly affected by, particularly, their early experiences. Consequently, depending on the child’s early environmental influences, their normal development is also disrupted (Domínguez-Perles et al., 2019). Furthermore, depending on the responses needed to cope with early environmental influences may impact long-term effects on the adult organism. For instance, the turbulent relationship of Carlos’ parents resulted in Molly not attending important obstetrician appointments, which are crucial for the unborn child resulting in relatively uneventful pregnancy and delivery.
Additionally, even after Carlos's birth, he lacked parental care, and even his mother stated that it was challenging for Molly to nurse Carlos during the time after his birth. For this reason, the pediatrician concluded that Carlos was experiencing a slow growth rate compared to his mates (Gentner & Leppert, 2019). Notably, on the biological development of either the unborn or the newly born children, the impact of the environmental influences particularly affects the unborn being born in an uneventful way and relatively small. In contrast, for the newly born, the environmental effects are long-term effects where the children experience a slow growth rate, especially during their middle childhood.
Development Concerns of Early Childhood.
The parent’s actions greatly impact early childhood development during pregnancy. In this case, Molly realized she was pregnant and still used drugs like alcohol and tobacco, which greatly impacted Carlos early childhood development. Carlos’ mothers used to smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol till antoxification (Anderson & Burnett, 2017). According to research, around half of the pregnancies reported in the United State are particularly unplanned, thus resulting to young parents drinking alcohol when still pregnant, for example, Carlos’ mother, Molly. Additionally, reviewing Carlos early childhood development, it was evident that he was showing signs of both behavioral and neurocognitive difficulties linked with the fact that his mother was taking alcohol while still pregnant. For example, Carlos was a slow learner in class, and when it comes to relationship matters, Carlos was described by teachers as someone who was very shy; thus, most of his time he would prefer to spend alone.
Furthermore, Molly smoked heavily while still pregnant for Carlos. According to research by scientists, tobacco use during pregnancy is linked with early childhood biological concerns like uneventful delivery, placenta Previa, and low birth weight (Anderson & Burnett, 2017). All this is evident in Carlos’ case, where during his birth, his mother confessed to having experienced relatively uneventful pregnancy and delivery. Additionally, Carlos recorded around seven pounds which were relatively low birth weight.
Development Concerns of Middle Childhood.
Normally, during the middle childhood period, children are especially involved in tremendous physical activities, social-emotional, cognitive, and language development. Furthermore, during this period, children learn the roles that will adequately prepare them for adolescence and adulthood. Additionally, during middle childhood, children also develop fundamental skills and abilities to build positive and strong social relationships. Notably, during middle childhood development, children experience a slow but steady growth rate until the onset of puberty, which happens in late middle childhood development.
However, in the case of Carlos, it was all the vice versa. For instance, Carlos would interact with his peers for a short duration, and most of the time, the interaction would end briefly after Carlos gets angry. Furthermore, even the teachers made several observations where Carlos would perform a task though not interested. Notably, on his social-emotional development, he was still poor; for example, when they moved to a new apartment, he showed no interest, and actually, he regressed on the issue.
In terms of growth rate, Carlos was uncoordinated, and when compared to other boys of his age, he was physically smaller. Relating Carlos case to reports from several scientists, children who are especially exposed to psychoactive drugs as they continue developing and growing during their middle childhood development, the children face hard times during learning like major development delays, inability to pay attention, increased irritability, and poor self-control. Where all of this was experienced by Carlos; for instance, he did not clearly understand the alphabet, he could not count consistently, and apart from primary colors, he did not understand the others.
Impact of Multiculturalism and Diversity
In achieving the full degree of cultural diversity, multiculturalism is the key. Additionally, diversity happens only when individuals from different philosophies, religions, nationalities, ethnicities, and races come together to form either a family or community (Deighton et al., 2018). According to psychologists, maintain that a truly diverse society or family clearly understands, knows and appreciates the cultural differences in its people or family members. In sociology, multiculturalism describes how a developing child handles and deals with cultural diversity. Therefore, multiculturalism expresses the ideology that community especially influences growing children by enriching them by respecting, preserving, and motivating them on the cultural diversity.
From Carlos's case, looking at the impacts of multiculturalism and diversity, I would categorize multiculturalism and diversity as simply melting pot theory. Additionally, in simple terms, the melting pot theory of multiculturalism maintains that numerous immigrant parents will tend to stick together, abandoning their cultures. Eventually, their children become wholly assimilated into the predominant society (Gilton, 2020). In this case, despite Carlos parents coming from different backgrounds, Carlos seems unbothered in following either his mother’s or father’s diverse culture. However, it is worth noting that in the United States, the melting point theory is often encouraged in an illustrative manner where it is compared to a situation where pots are smelt by the foundries with the elements carbon and iron to form a strong metal.
Interventions
In providing interventions in the presenting concerns in Carlos case, I would first recommend that Molly and his son partner among communities, health professionals, and even close friends to ensure that they both receive effective guidance on physical activity. Hence, health professionals should give the families a chance or opportunity to highlight their physical activity concerns and challenges. Furthermore, I would recommend Molly, especially in his status, to try and communicate with the community resources to assist her in developing and promoting the physical activity in Carlos.
Secondly, since parents are essentially the greatest influencers of their children’s level of physical activity, I would recommend Molly to make it a plan to always participate in one or two activities with Carlos, like playing baseball, Carlos favorite. This way, not only is Molly emphasizing the importance of frequent physical activity, but she will also be showing Carlos that physical activities can be fun. Notably, parent’s encouragement and motivation for their children to be physical activity greatly increase child’s activity level.
Lastly, to obtain optimal development and growth, children require various healthy foods rich in insufficient vitamins, minerals, energy, carbohydrates, and proteins. Furthermore, since children are growing steadily, they require at least three meals per day and snacks. However, especially in middle childhood, children are often affected by external influences like their peers on the attitude towards food and their eating behaviors. Therefore, I would recommend Molly to particularly have the most influence on Carlos’ attitudes towards food and eating behaviors. Therefore, Molly needs to ensure that healthy foods are available for Carlos and that she can be a role model to Carlos by practicing healthy eating behaviors.
Carlos Developmental Profile Outline
Thesis statement: Notably, on the biological development of either the unborn or the newly born children, the impact of the environmental influences particularly affects the unborn being born in an uneventful way and relatively small
