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 What are the three essential elements inside laser? Describe the purposes and functions of them, respectively

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 What are the three essential elements inside laser? Describe the purposes and functions of them, respectively. b) In the following four-level system, suppose the lifetime for the level 4, 3, and 2 are 10 ns, 10 us, and 100 ns, respectively. If there is a pumping absorption from 1 4, between which levels the laser emission can appear? Explain. 3 -2