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Homework answers / question archive / CJUS 810 RESEARCH PAPER ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS OVERVIEW In developing your expertise in transnational organized crime (TOC) you will be writing a series of research papers
CJUS 810 RESEARCH PAPER ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS OVERVIEW In developing your expertise in transnational organized crime (TOC) you will be writing a series of research papers. All together the writing contained in all these papers combined would be quite significant project! You will find that in some modules, the research papers mimic our readings with respect to subject matter and some modules, the research papers do not mimic the reading. Again, the goal of these research papers is to stretch the depth and breadth of your knowledge. You should feel well prepared to teach a course in TOCs after completing this course. The research papers and PowerPoints you create could serve as the basis for such class. Additionally, you will find that this course and the course CJUS701 Comparative Criminal Justice Systems complement each other very well. INSTRUCTIONS • • • • • • • • Each research paper should be a minimum of 6 to 8 pages. The vast difference in page count is because some countries and/or crime/topics are quite easy to study and some countries and/or crime/topics have very limited information. In some instances, there will be a plethora of information and you must use skilled writing to maintain proper page count. Please keep in mind that this is doctoral level analysis and writing – you are to take the hard-earned road – the road less travelled – the scholarly road in forming your paper. The paper must use current APA style, and the page count does not include the title page, abstract, reference section, or any extra material. The minimum elements of the paper are listed below. You must use a minimum of 8 recent (some countries/crimes/topics may have more recent research articles than others), relevant, and academic (peer review journals preferred and professional journals allowed if used judiciously) sources, at least 2 sources being the Holy Bible, and one recent (some countries/crime/topics have more recent than others) news article. Books may be used but are considered “additional: sources beyond the stated minimums. You may use .gov sources as your recent, relevant, and academic sources if the writing is academic in nature (authored works). You may also use United Nations and Whitehouse.gov documents as academic documents. Again, this paper must reflect graduate level research and writing style. If you need to go over the maximum page count you must obtain professor permission in advance! Please reference the Research Paper Rubric when creating your research paper. These are minimum guidelines – you may expand the topics covered in your papers. 1) Begin your paper with a brief analysis of the following elements: a. Country analysis i. Introduction to the country ii. People and society of the country iii. What is the basic government structure? 2) Analyze the nature of organized crime in the assigned area (you may narrow the scope of your analysis through your introduction or thesis statement if needed) 3) Analyze the impact of organized crime in the assigned area on the government. Page 1 of 2 CJUS 810 4) Briefly propose policies that may be helpful in mitigating organized crime in the assigned area. 5) A Holy Bible comparison/analysis of the nature of the organized crime system, the impact on the country, or your proposed policy to mitigate the system. The following is an outline of the minimum points to be covered in your paper – Crime Typology Topics: These are minimum guidelines – you may expand the topics covered in your papers... 1) Analyze the nature of assigned crime/issue with respect to (at a minimum): a. Scope of the crime/issue b. Financial impact – if possible c. Human impact – if possible d. Analysis of various countries laws dealing with the crime/issue. 2) Briefly propose policies that may be helpful in mitigating the crime/topic on a specific country or transnational scale. 3) A Holy Bible comparison/analysis of the crime/topic Page 2 of 2
Outline
Transnational Organized Crime in Nigeria
Introduction
Analysis of the Country
People and Society of the Country
Government Structure of Nigeria
The Nature of Nigerian Organized Crime
Organized Crime's Effects in Nigeria
Nigerian Policies to Combat Organized Crime
Biblical Integration
References
Transnational Organized Crime in Nigeria
Organized crime has recently become a significant worldwide issue. This comes in the wake of rising crime rates and terror incidents across the globe. Many nations around the world have been concerned about organized crime. The majority of countries have seen an increase in criminal activity as a consequence of this. Organized crime is a term used to describe a collection of national or worldwide criminal organizations that criminals control. It refers to well-organized and well-planned establishments that are primarily engaged in illicit operations. These kinds of organizations' primary transactions are unlawful acts for monetary gain. These organizations may be driven by money or politics at times (Dalla Pellegrina et al., 2020). These organizations get funds by supplying illicit items with high demand, such as narcotics and weapons. Organized crime, such as drug trafficking and kidnappings, has been widespread in West African nations in recent years. The purpose of this study is to investigate organized crime in Nigeria.
Analysis of the Country
Nigeria, with its abundant natural riches, is the most populated nation on the African continent. Nigeria stretches approximately 923 768 square kilometers. The country lies in the south-eastern part of West Africa. Nigeria is also well-known in the entertainment business because of the Nollywood films it produces. Nigerian Nollywood films account for a significant portion of the entertainment business since they are primarily intended to exhibit the world of Nigeria's culture and way of life. Nigeria has the highest GDP in Africa. Nigeria has developed a favorable entrepreneurial climate for its vast population, mostly the young, due to natural resources such as gas and oil. Despite people's complaints about increasing corruption, this favorable economic climate has grown during the past two decades (Eselebor & Kehinde, 2020). In terms of crime, Nigeria is rated the first in Africa. This corruption is always visible, even in many humorous videos made by Nigerian performers, who often express their dissatisfaction with the administration. Given the country's continuous political and religious conflicts, creating a better entrepreneurial climate is a success. Even though the country's economic climate has improved, poverty remains a concern. In Nigeria, almost half of the population lives in poverty. The nation may be described as complicated, with difficult-to-understand characteristics (Eselebor & Kehinde, 2020). This is due to the country's multiethnic, multireligious, and multicultural makeup.
People and Society of the Country
With a population of 192 million people, Nigeria is the world's sixth most populous nation. This population is made up of people from many ethnic groups who follow various cultural traditions. Nigerian people, as well as formal government and commercial operations, communicate in English. The country has more than 250 local dialects as a result of its ethnic variety. Hausa is Nigeria's second most widely spoken language, although it is the unofficial language and West Africa's oldest written language. Yoruba and Igbo, the uniting languages of the Southeast and Southwest before colonialism, are the two most widely spoken indigenous languages in Nigeria (Eselebor & Kehinde, 2020). In Nigeria, pidgin is a widely used unauthorized language. It is a Yoruba or Igbo translation of English. Pidgin mainly developed during the colonial period, when the British needed a way to interact with merchants. Nigeria is a multiethnic nation with a diverse ethnic population. Only three of the 250 ethnic groups are widespread throughout the country. Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa-Fulani are the three most prevalent ethnic groups. Because of Nigeria's enormous ethnic variety, various ethnic groups have distinct cultures. The Efik-Ibibio culture of southern Nigeria is known for its adoption of the lion as a cultural emblem. This culture is linked with meals that include veggies as the primary ingredient. The Edon culture is the second kind of culture in Nigeria, and its adherents are religious and believe in two realms: the visible and spiritual worlds (Shaw & Reitano, 2019). Yoruba culture is mainly practiced in western Nigeria, and it is bronze and sculpture works are well-known.
Government Structure of Nigeria
A federal system governs Nigeria, with the legislative, the judiciary, and the executive being the three major branches of the government. The president is the country's leader, and its Constitution contains the laws that govern the country. The House of Representatives and the Senate are Nigeria's two legislative houses (Eselebor & Kehinde, 2020). Nigeria is split into three levels of government: federal, state, and local, collaborating to meet people's needs following the Constitution.
The Nature of Nigerian Organized Crime
Nigeria's organized criminal organization is a widespread problem that affects all of West Africa. Terrorist attacks in west African nations are often similar, explaining why a standard organization impacts the area. The genesis and character of organized crime may be deduced from current political actions and stages in Nigeria. Organized crime is said to have begun in West Africa and Nigeria in the 1970s. This includes changes in oil prices, the dollar's decoupling from gold, and inflation (Mejdoubi, 2019). This economic situation at the time may have contributed to the fact that many individuals resorted to crime to make ends meet.
Various atrocities have been attributed to Nigerian organized criminal organizations. Nigerian criminal groups are said to have existed for the last sixty years. To begin with, Nigeria's organized criminal organizations are connected to drug trafficking and prostitution. These are the primary operations carried out by organized criminal organizations to raise funds. Nigerian drug trafficking groups have developed to include individuals from ethnic clans at all levels. Furthermore, it is thought that organized criminal organizations in Nigeria have political cover or influence (Shaw & Reitano, 2019). Their activities are said to be backed up by the political elite at times. These organized criminal organizations are promised security and protection from the political elite if they are not backed up.
The development of organized crime in Nigeria is to blame for the drop in oil prices in Nigeria. Generally, businesses thrive where there is political stability. Organized crimes, therefore, led to instability in security and thus a downward turnaround for businesses. The oil companies were also affected, leading to the fall in prices. Nigerian drug traffickers are now regarded as the world's second most influential behind the Asian triads. Due to the rapid growth in deviant groups in the country, drug traffickers have developed and recognized worldwide to be among the leaders in the activity. Poor Nigerian laws may have aided the growth of this drug trafficking group (Thachuk & Lal, 2017). Nigeria did not have strong laws that restricted drug trafficking; this led to the establishment of the drug trafficking groups and their development to their present-day state.
Nigeria's organized criminal organizations are also linked to the country's increasing fraudulent operations and extortions. Conmen are a massive group of individuals who belong to these organizations. They are well-known for defrauding individuals who utilize credit cards and mobile banking. The scams are also perpetrated with the help of government-sponsored initiatives. Because they operate in tribal or ethnic hierarchies, Nigerian criminal groups or businesses have difficulty infiltration. Finally, human trafficking and abductions, particularly of women, are connected to illegal companies (Amavilah et al., 2017). This has been a common sight in the country as there were over one thousand cases of human trafficking in 2018, a significant increase compared to the previous years, like 2014 to be precise. Women and children continue to be hi-jacked in the country and used for criminal deals.
Typically, various organized criminal organizations have a route via which they attract new members. New members are always required to swear vows of loyalty to the organization via multiple methods. Nigerians do not use these methods of member recruiting organized criminal groups. People are drawn to these organizations because of the country's economic situation. Second, since they operate on ethnic lines, these organizations lack recruiting outlets (Uzuegbu-Wilson, 2019). Each ethnic group searches for its method of selecting new members.
Organized Crime's Effects in Nigeria
The increasing crime rate is one of the primary outcomes of any organized criminal group. Any managed criminal organization's immediate transactions are illegal. This is what they do daily to meet their requirements. When looking at the origins of organized crime in Nigeria, it's clear that the country's challenging economic conditions drove young and educated adolescents to engage in criminal activity to satisfy their demands. As the situation has deteriorated over time, the crime rate is anticipated to rise as more young people are forced to fend for themselves (Mejdoubi, 2019). The main illegal activity engaged by these businesses is drug trifurcation, which poses a danger to any country's growth.
Citizens have become more fearful as a result of criminal businesses operations. There is dread whenever there are crimes. For starters, people are concerned about these organizations' deceptive actions. Because these conmen and women may be located everywhere, the general public is quandary about conducting safe transactions (Uzuegbu-Wilson, 2019). Because of the increasing extortions, the public is also wary of using e-banking or mobile banking.
Nigerian Policies to Combat Organized Crime
In 2013, the European Union started a program in Nigeria targeted at reducing or eliminating drug trafficking. 'Response to Drugs and Related Organized Crimes in Nigeria' is the title of the project. The primary goal of this initiative was to assist the Nigerian government in its attempts to combat or control drug trafficking. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime assists governments in developing evidence-based drug-trafficking policies. Second, this initiative is intended to aid in creating laws that would help in the battle against drug trafficking. This is an essential element of the fight since it will restrict some organized criminal organizations' activities (Thachuk & Lal, 2017). The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes is intended to collaborate with Nigerian authorities such as the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency as part of this initiative to guarantee that the drug war is won.
Biblical Integration
Nigerian organized crime may be linked to God's Day of Judgment. God will pass judgment on those who have soiled themselves on this day, and they will be punished (Revelation 19). God's punishment of those who had corrupted themselves symbolizes the many measures used by the Nigerian government to combat organized crime. Different laws and regulations have been enacted, and when they are violated, the violators are punished (Amavilah et al., 2017). Just as God has given human natutre the laws and regulations to govern their activities, the ten commandments, the government of Nigeria needs to enact laws that will put an end to the crime rates in the country.
