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The ability of neurons to modify their structure and function in response to experiential factors or injury Immature "uncommitted" cells that can mature into any type of neuron or glial cell needed by the brain The production of new neurons in the nervous system, sometimes to replace neurons that have died or been damaged Neurotransmitter substances that are released by neurons and circulate within the nervous system to affect the sensitivity of many neurons to their natural transmitter substances Nerve cells that constitute the basic building blocks of the nervous system Chemical substances that are released from the axons of one neuron, travel across the synaptic space, and bind to specially keyed receptors in another neuron, where they produce a chemical reaction that is either excitatory or inhibitory The branch of the autonomic nervous system that slows down bodily processes to conserve energy and reduce arousal All of the neurons that connect the central nervous system with the sensory receptors, the muscles, and the glands A brain stem structure having sensory and motor tracts whose functions are involved in sleep and dreaming A procedure that provides a visual display of the absorption of a radioactive substance by neurons, indicating how actively they are involved as the brain performs a task The area of the frontal lobe just behind the eyes and forehead that is involved in the executive functions of planning, self-awareness, and responsibility
- The ability of neurons to modify their structure and function in response to experiential factors or injury
- Immature "uncommitted" cells that can mature into any type of neuron or glial cell needed by the brain
- The production of new neurons in the nervous system, sometimes to replace neurons that have died or been damaged
- Neurotransmitter substances that are released by neurons and circulate within the nervous system to affect the sensitivity of many neurons to their natural transmitter substances
- Nerve cells that constitute the basic building blocks of the nervous system
- Chemical substances that are released from the axons of one neuron, travel across the synaptic space, and bind to specially keyed receptors in another neuron, where they produce a chemical reaction that is either excitatory or inhibitory
- The branch of the autonomic nervous system that slows down bodily processes to conserve energy and reduce arousal
- All of the neurons that connect the central nervous system with the sensory receptors, the muscles, and the glands
- A brain stem structure having sensory and motor tracts whose functions are involved in sleep and dreaming
- A procedure that provides a visual display of the absorption of a radioactive substance by neurons, indicating how actively they are involved as the brain performs a task
- The area of the frontal lobe just behind the eyes and forehead that is involved in the executive functions of planning, self-awareness, and responsibility.
- Chemicals that produce alterations in consciousness, emotion, and behavior
- Protein molecules on neurons' dendrites or soma that are specially shaped to accommodate a specific neurotransmitter molecule
- The voltage differential between the inside and outside of a neuron (about -70 MV) caused by the unequal distribution of ions inside the neuron's membrane and outside in the fluid surrounding the neuron when the neuron is at rest
- A structure extending from the hindbrain into the lower forebrain that plays a central role in consciousness, sleep, and attention, in part by alerting and activating higher brain centers (ascending portion) and by selectively blocking some inputs to higher regions in the brain (descending portion)
- The process whereby transmitter substances are taken back into the presynaptic neuron so that they do not continue to stimulate postsynaptic neurons
- Specialized neurons that carry messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain
- The branch of the peripheral nervous system that provides input from the sensory receptors and output to the voluntary muscles of the body
- Cortical strips in the front portions of the parietal lobes that receive sensory input from the opposite side of the body
- The branch of the autonomic nervous system that has an arousal function on the body's internal organs, speeding up bodily processes and mobilizing the body
- The microscopic space between the axons of one neuron and the dendrites of another over which the nerve impulse is transmitted
- Chambers within the axon that contain the neurotransmitter substance
- A major sensory integration and relay center in the forebrain, sometimes referred to as the brain's sensory switchboard
- An area of the left temporal lobe that is involved in speech comprehension
Expert Solution
- Neural Plasticity
The ability of neurons to modify their structure and function in response to experiential factors or injury
- Neural Stem Cells
Immature "uncommitted" cells that can mature into any type of neuron or glial cell needed by the brain
- Neurogenesis
The production of new neurons in the nervous system, sometimes to replace neurons that have died or been damaged
- Neuromodulators
Neurotransmitter substances that are released by neurons and circulate within the nervous system to affect the sensitivity of many neurons to their natural transmitter substances
- Neurons
Nerve cells that constitute the basic building blocks of the nervous system
- Neurotransmitters
Chemical substances that are released from the axons of one neuron, travel across the synaptic space, and bind to specially keyed receptors in another neuron, where they produce a chemical reaction that is either excitatory or inhibitory
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that slows down bodily processes to conserve energy and reduce arousal
- Peripheral Nervous System
All of the neurons that connect the central nervous system with the sensory receptors, the muscles, and the glands
- Pons
A brain stem structure having sensory and motor tracts whose functions are involved in sleep and dreaming
- Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
A procedure that provides a visual display of the absorption of a radioactive substance by neurons, indicating how actively they are involved as the brain performs a task
- Prefrontal Cortex
The area of the frontal lobe just behind the eyes and forehead that is involved in the executive functions of planning, self-awareness, and responsibility.
- Psychoactive Drugs
Chemicals that produce alterations in consciousness, emotion, and behavior
- Receptor Sites
Protein molecules on neurons' dendrites or soma that are specially shaped to accommodate a specific neurotransmitter molecule
- Resting Potential
The voltage differential between the inside and outside of a neuron (about -70 MV) caused by the unequal distribution of ions inside the neuron's membrane and outside in the fluid surrounding the neuron when the neuron is at rest
- Reticular Formation
A structure extending from the hindbrain into the lower forebrain that plays a central role in consciousness, sleep, and attention, in part by alerting and activating higher brain centers (ascending portion) and by selectively blocking some inputs to higher regions in the brain (descending portion)
- Reuptake
The process whereby transmitter substances are taken back into the presynaptic neuron so that they do not continue to stimulate postsynaptic neurons
- Sensory Neurons
Specialized neurons that carry messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain
- Somatic Nervous System
The branch of the peripheral nervous system that provides input from the sensory receptors and output to the voluntary muscles of the body
- Somatic Sensory Cortex
Cortical strips in the front portions of the parietal lobes that receive sensory input from the opposite side of the body
- Sympathetic Nervous System
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that has an arousal function on the body's internal organs, speeding up bodily processes and mobilizing the body
- Synaptic Space
The microscopic space between the axons of one neuron and the dendrites of another over which the nerve impulse is transmitted
- Synaptic Vesicles
Chambers within the axon that contain the neurotransmitter substance
- Thalamus
A major sensory integration and relay center in the forebrain, sometimes referred to as the brain's sensory switchboard
- Wernicke's Area
An area of the left temporal lobe that is involved in speech comprehension
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