North Lake College

PSYC 2301

Package Title: Test bank

Course Title: Real World Psychology

Chapter Number: Chapter 12

Question Type: Multiple Choice

1. Your textbook author defines abnormal behavior as a          .

1. 1. statistically frequent pattern of pathological emotion, thought, or action

1. 2. pattern of pathological emotion, thought, or action that results in increased functioning

1. 3. pattern of pathological behaviors, emotions, or thoughts

1. 4. pattern of rigid thought

2. According to your text’s complete definition of abnormal behavior, which of the following statistically infrequent behaviors would qualify as most abnormal?

1. 1. the belief believing that the CIA is following you

1. 2. having your entire body tattooed

1. 3. living a completely celibate life

1. 4. painting your face for every football game

3. Frances was diagnosed with a mental illness because she lost her job when she tested positive for marijuana use at a company that requires frequent random drug testing. This is an example of the                                approach to defining abnormal behavior.

1. 1. infrequent occurrence

1. 2. dysfunction

1. 3. legal

1. 4. violation of social norms

4. Based on the distress approach to defining abnormal behavior, which of the following would qualify as abnormal?

1. 1. Two teenagers kill and injure fellow classmates and teachers, but feel no remorse afterward.

1. 2. A father uses alcohol to get through the day, with no concern for the consequences.

1. 3. A West African woman is experiencing “brain fog.”

1. 4. A woman runs over a pedestrian and experiences remorse for over a month.

5. Sheila’s alcohol abuse causes her to be late to work or call out sick due to a hangover at least three times a week. Which criterion for diagnosing psychological disorders does this best represent?

1. 1. statistical infrequency

1. 2. dysfunctions

1. 3. personal distress

1. 4. violation of norms

6. Marissa suffers from panic disorder, in which she experiences unpredictable, unbearable episodes of panic that closely resemble the symptoms of a heart attack. What criterion for defining abnormality does this description of her disorder represent?

1. 1. danger

1. 2. dysfunctions

1. 3. distress

1. 4. deviance

7. Cultural diversity has a direct effect on which criterion for diagnosing psychological disorders?

1. 1. statistical infrequency

1. 2. dysfunctions

1. 3. distress

1. 4. deviance

8. Which of the following were treatments for abnormal behavior in earlier times?

1. 1. trephining (boring holes in the skull) and phrenology

1. 2. exorcism and phrenology

1. 3. torture and trephining (boring holes in the skull)

1. 4. phrenology and asylums

9. In early therapy of abnormal behavior,            was used to allow evil spirits to escape, while             was designed to make the body so uncomfortable it would be uninhabitable to the devil.

1. 1. purging; fasting

1. 2. trephining (boring holes in the skull); exorcism

1. 3. demonology; hydrotherapy

1. 4. hydrotherapy; dunking

10. The              assumes that abnormal behavior is due to physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured.

1. medical model

2. psychiatric perspective

3. psychobiological approach

4. mind–body hypothesis

11. Which of the following is true about the medical model of mental disorders?

1. Underlying physical illness was believed to cause mental illness.

2. The model encourages people to evade responsibility for their own actions.

3. Labels can influence patients to act in ways that confirm their diagnosis.

4. The model takes into account the psychological and social aspects of mental illness.

12.              is the specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders.

1. Psychology

2. Psychiatry

3. Psychobiology

4. Psychodiagnostics

13. According to Dr. Szasz, the medical model of mental illness           .

1. encourages people to believe they have no responsibility for their actions

2. lessens the social stigma associated with mental disorders

3. increases the opportunity for patients to take responsibility and seek treatment for their mental disorders

4. improves the medical professional’s ability to diagnose and treat patients with mental disorders

14. According to the humanistic perspective, anxiety is a result of                       .

1. unconscious, unresolved conflicts

2. blocked personal growth

3. faulty thinking

4. neurotransmitter imbalances

15. According to the behavioral perspective, obsessive-compulsive disorder is a result of                     .

1. unconscious, unresolved conflicts

2. blocked personal growth

3. faulty thinking

4. inappropriate conditioning and modeling

16. According to the cognitive perspective, anxiety is a result of                       .

1. unconscious, unresolved conflicts

2. blocked personal growth

3. faulty thinking

4. inappropriate conditioning and modeling

17. Evolutionary perspectives in explaining abnormal behavior emphasize                             in the development of psychological disorders.

1. unconscious, unresolved conflicts

2. blocked personal growth

3. exaggerated forms of an adaptive reaction

4. conditioning and modeling

18. Psychodynamic perspectives in explaining abnormal behavior emphasize                             in the development of psychological disorders.

1. unconscious, unresolved conflicts

2. blocked personal growth

3. exaggerated forms of an adaptive reaction

4. conditioning and modeling

19. Which of the following terms is no longer used in the current version of the DSM?

1. psychosis

2. neurosis

3. mood disorder

4. schizophrenia

20. In what percentage of court cases is the insanity plea used?

1. 10

2. 20

3. less than 1

4. 25

21.              is a legal term for people with a mental disorder that implies a lack of responsibility for their behavior and an inability to manage their affairs.

1. Neurosis

2. Psychosis

3. Insanity

4. Incompetence

22. The classification system produced by the American Psychiatric Association and used to describe abnormal behaviors is called the DSM, fifth edition. DSM is an abbreviation for          .

1. Diagnosis and Symptoms Manual

2. Diseases and Symptoms of Mental Disorders

3. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

4. Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management Manual

23. The purpose of the DSM is to provide         .

1. descriptions of disorders

2. explanations of the causes of disorders

3. treatment recommendations for disorders

4. definitive assessment guidelines

24. A psychologist evaluating a new client would most likely use the                     in diagnosing the client’s psychological disorder.

1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
2. Manual of Diagnosing Mental Disorders
3. Psychological Disorders Manual
4. Physician’s Desk Reference

25. Which of the following is true about the DSM?

1. It completely describes symptoms of mental and physical disorders.

2. It provides standardized diagnoses and case study examples.

3. It reflects a western European and American perspective of mental disorders.

4. It relies on psychologically based explanations for mental disorders rather than the medical model.

26. Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM?

1. It may be casting too wide a net and overdiagnosing.

2. It is not essential to scientific study.

3. It is low on validity, but high on reliability.

4. It can only be used to diagnose one disorder per patient.

27. Which of the following are classified as disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders?

1. excessive gambling and gender dysphoria

2. pyromania and kleptomania

3. bipolar disorder and depression

4. dissociative identity disorder and anorexia

28. Anxiety disorders are            .

1. characterized by overwhelming tension and irrational fears

2. the least frequent of the mental disorders

3. twice as common in men as in women

4. the most debilitating of all the psychiatric disorders

29. Anxiety is experienced by nearly everyone, and is not a mental disorder unless         .

1. you experience it more than once per month

2. its chronic intensity disrupts your life

3. your family has a history of anxiety disorders

4. other people begin to notice your symptoms

30. Chronic, uncontrollable, excessive worrying about nothing in particular is associated with          .

1. panic attack

2. hysteria

3. generalized anxiety disorder

4. obsessive-compulsive disorder

31. Elizabeth always seems to feel on edge and worried that something in her life will go wrong, but she cannot pinpoint the causes of her anxiety. These symptoms can be best classified as

                                                   .

1. panic disorder

2. generalized anxiety disorder

3. phobia

4. obsessive compulsive disorder

32. Sudden inexplicable episodes of intense fear with persistent concern of future occurrences are associated with             .

1. hysteria

2. general anxiety disorder

3. panic disorder

4. obsessive-compulsive disorder

33. Udo is frequently and suddenly overcome by intense fear, heart palpitations, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Udo is MOST likely suffering from           .

1. general anxiety disorder

2. panic disorder

3. hysteria

4. agoraphobia

34. Lola has not been able to control her worries for the last six months, and complains of insomnia and headaches. It is likely that Lola has            .

1. panic attacks

2. generalized anxiety disorder

3. obsessive-compulsive disorder

4. hysteria

35.                           is a complication of panic disorder, which results in anxiety about being in a place where escape is difficult or embarrassing.

1. Social phobia

2. Specific phobia

3. Agoraphobia

4. Acrophobia

36. The onset of panic attacks is associated with                               .

1. minimal exposure to stress

2. a frightening event or experience

3. a frustrating event

4. exposure only to maximum stress

37.                             is characterized by an intense, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

1. Panic attack

2. Panic disorder

3. Hysterical disorder

4. Phobia

38. Myron avoids hospitals, doctor’s offices, and people with injuries because he always faints at the sight of blood. Myron has a                   phobia.

1. physical

2. specific

3. medical

4. generalized

39. Alyssa feels uncomfortable talking in crowds, and her professor has assigned her an oral presentation to give in front of the class. She is afraid of “making a fool” of herself and starts to have symptoms that are similar to a panic attack. What anxiety disorder best classifies her condition?

1. panic disorder

2. social anxiety disorder

3. generalized anxiety

4. agoraphobia

40. Social anxiety disorder is also known as               .

1. panic disorder

2. social phobia

3. generalized anxiety

4. agoraphobia

41. Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

1. posttraumatic stress disorder

2. manic depression

3. hysteria

4. panic disorder

42. A person who is so afraid of something such as a spider that he or she would jump out of a speeding car to escape it has a(n)                              .

1. anxiety

2. agoraphobia

3. claustrophobia

4. phobia

43. Leroy refuses to dance because of an intense, irrational fear of being negatively evaluated by others. Leroy has a(n)                          phobia.

1. emotional

2. social

3. evaluation

4. situational

44. Persons with anxiety disorders who are hypervigilant are thought to have         .

1. faulty cognitive processes

2. generalized anxiety disorder

3. maladaptive learning patterns

4. obsessive compulsive disorder

45. According to learning theory, the development of an anxiety disorder may be related to        , while the maintenance of that disorder may be related to                  .

1. operant conditioning; imitation and modeling

2. operant conditioning; vicarious learning

3. classical conditioning; operant conditioning

4. classical conditioning; imitation and modeling

46. According to learning theory, anxiety disorders are most likely caused by          .

1. functional conditioning

2. concurrent conditioning

3. modeling and imitation

4. defense mechanisms

47. This is a biological explanation for the development of anxiety disorders.

1. There may be a psychological predisposition to fear what is dangerous.

2. Some individuals may have a social predisposition for becoming easily aroused.

3. Biochemical disturbances due to caffeine, nicotine, or hyperventilation may play a role.

4. Some individuals just become more easily aroused than others for no reason.

48. Our fast-paced lives, increased mobility, and decreased job security and family support are believed to

be important in the increase in             over the past few years.

1. anxiety disorders

2. mood disorders

3. PTSD

4. OCD

49. A Japanese phobia characterized by an intense dread of embarrassing others does not exist in Western cultures. This demonstrates            .

1. ethnocentrism

2. a cultural difference in emphasis on others versus individuals

3. the presence of more social phobias in Japan

4. an emphasis on collectivism

50. Depressive disorders are best characterized by           .

1. frequent melancholia, blues, or grief

2. sad, empty, or irritable moods that interfere with functioning, pleasure, and life interests

3. any depression of mood that also includes suicidal thoughts

4. recurring or persistent episodes of depressed mood, with or without psychotic thinking and suicidality

51. Morris is having trouble sleeping, has lost his appetite, is too tired to go to work, and cannot concentrate on simple television shows. It is most likely that Morris is experiencing a          .

1. generalized depressive disorder

2. generalized anxiety disorder

3. depressive disorder

4. bipolar disorder

52. Someone who is experiencing                      has an excessive and unreasonable state of excitement, and is extremely active and easily distracted.

1. hyperarousal

2. mania

3. compulsivity

4. elation

53. Someone who experiences episodes of mania and cycles between mania and depression has a        .

1. disruption of circadian rhythms

2. bipolar disorder

3. manic-depressive syndrome

4. cyclothymia disorder

54. Brenda has been up for days and forgot to pay the rent but is handing out money to the homeless. When a police officer tries to talk to her about why she is wearing only her bra and underwear in a public place, she answers rapidly, but her thoughts are flying from one idea to another. The police officer would be correct in suspecting that Brenda has                                      .

1. drug-induced multiple personalities

2. a personality disorder

3. a bipolar disorder

4. hypothermic shock

55. A major difference between depressive disorders and bipolar disorder is that only in bipolar disorder do people experience                  .

1. hallucinations or delusions

2. depression

3. manic episodes

4. biochemical imbalance

56. Which of the following is true regarding bipolar disorder?

1. It is associated with a 90% suicide rate.

2. It involves depression, mania, and anxiety disorders.

3. It is associated with hyperactive behavior and rapid speech.

4. Manic episodes usually last three times as long as depressive episodes.

57. The risk for bipolar disorder in the general population is between                    .

1. 10 and 20%

2. 5 and 20%

c) 0.5 and 1.6%

d) 2.5 and 5%

58. Antidepressants are prescribed for depressive and bipolar disorders because they appear to affect the amount or functioning of             in the brain.

1. norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

2. myelin

3. endorphins and serotonin

4. acetylcholine and dopamine

59. According to evolutionary theories of depression,                                                  .

1. moderate depression may allow us, with time, to adapt to a real loss

2. those who experience severe depression are most likely to survive

3. those who are moderately depressed are more likely to find a mate

4. those with moderate depression are less likely to experience anxiety

60. Seligman found that when faced with a painful situation from which there is no escape, animals and people enter a state of helplessness and resignation. He called this                         .

1. autonomic resignation

2. helpless resignation

3. resigned helplessness

4. learned helplessness

61. An attributional theory of depression suggests that depression is more likely when people attribute their failure or unpleasant circumstances to an                       cause.

1. internal, stable, and global

2. external, unstable, and specific

3. internal, unstable, and global

4. external, stable, and specific

62. “I'm stupid” is a(n)              attribution, “I’ll always be stupid” is a(n)             attribution, and “I'll never pass any of my classes” is a(n)                 attribution.

1. inferior; external; expansive

2. external; unstable; specific

3. internal; stable; global

4. personal; eternal; academic

63. Zuri makes internal, stable, and global statements about her poor test performance. She is MOST likely to experience                 , which may be related to            .

1. autonomic resignation; self-esteem

2. helpless resignation; anxiety

3. resigned helplessness; bipolar disorder

4. learned helplessness; depression

64. People who attribute bad outcomes to themselves and good outcomes to external factors are more prone to   than people who do the opposite.

1. anxiety

2. bipolar disorder

3. depression

4. schizophrenia

65. A group of severe disorders that is characterized by severely disturbed perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior is            .

1. schizophrenia

2. multiple personality disorder

3. borderline psychosis

4. neurotic psychosis

66. Which of the following is CORRECT regarding schizophrenia?

1. One in 1000 people develops schizophrenia.

2. Schizophrenia usually develops in adolescence or young adulthood.

3. Almost 20% of all hospitalized patients suffer from schizophrenia.

4. Schizophrenia is a curable illness.

67.              refers to ‘split mind,’ while             refers to “split personality.”

1. Psychosis; neurosis

2. Insanity; multiple personality

3. Schizophrenia; dissociative identity disorder

4. Paranoia; borderline

68. Schizophrenia is more severe in                               .

1. men

2. women

3. older adults

4. children

69. Schizophrenia is associated with            .

1. euphoric mood

2. episodic lows

3. delusions and hallucinations

4. obsessive thoughts

70. Sensation and perception in schizophrenia are           .

1. blunted

2. enhanced/excessive

3. either blunted or excessive

4. the same as in people without this disorder

71.                        is the term for sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus.

1. Delusion

2. Illusion

3. Hallucination

4. Flight of ideas

72. Perceptions for which there are no appropriate external stimuli are called          , and the most common type among people suffering from schizophrenia is                             .

1. hallucinations; auditory

2. hallucinations; visual

3. delusions; auditory

4. delusions; visual

73. Hallucinations can be defined as                         .

1. false thoughts

2. imaginary sensory perceptions

3. no emotional response

4. abnormal patterns of speaking

74. This is an example of a hallucination.

1. hearing voices that aren’t really there

2. seeing a bridge and thinking it is the gateway to heaven

3. smelling a flower and believing its odor belongs to a skunk

4. walking into a tree because you didn’t see it

75. A              is a combination of words and phrases into incomprehensible sentences.

1. pragmatic error

2. word salad

3. word soup

4. flight of ideas

76. When talking to his psychiatrist, a patient with schizophrenia said, “The pain in my head is the fusion of egg and sperm, but it only takes a father to make a baby, then the world ends.” This is an example of a language disturbance called                                .

1. word salad

2. a pragmatic error

3. a neologism

4. cataleptic syntax

77.                        are a false or irrational beliefs maintained despite clear evidence to the contrary.

1. Cognitive disruptions

2. False premises

3. Delusions

4. Illusions

78. In the movie A Beautiful Mind, John Nash believed that the newspaper he was reading had a secret message hidden in it just for him. What type of delusion would this be called?

1. paranoid delusions

2. delusions of persecution

3. delusions of reference

4. delusions of grandeur

79. If someone believes that he or she is someone very important, such as Jesus Christ or Napoleon, what type of delusion would this be called?

1. paranoid delusions

2. delusions of persecution

3. delusions of reference

4. delusions of grandeur

80. Bob believes that the city has someone drive by his house in an ambulance every day to make sure that he is home, and he is afraid to leave home because he “knows” the ambulance will follow him. What type of delusion would this be called?

1. paranoid delusions

2. delusions of persecution

3. delusions of reference

4. delusions of grandeur

81.                   is an example of an emotional disturbance in schizophrenia.

1. Delusions of reference

2. Artificial words

3. A complete lack of emotional expression

4. Repetitive thoughts

82. Some people with schizophrenia have almost no emotional response of any kind, a condition called

                   .

1. delusional affect

2. artificial affect

3. flattened affect

4. inappropriate affect

83. Maintaining a nearly immobile stance is characteristic of            .

1. bipolar disorder

2. post-traumatic stress disorder

3. dissociative identity disorder

4. schizophrenia

84. People with schizophrenia may become                        and maintain a nearly immobile stance for hours at a time.

1. cataleptic

2. flat affective

3. delusional

4. undifferentiated

85. Previous classification of schizophrenia into paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, and undifferentiated was often criticized because                        .

1. it affected the self-esteem of patients with this disorder

2. it did not differentiate in terms of causes or responses to treatment

3. the undifferentiated category was the same as the disorganized category

4. these categories were misunderstood by both public and professionals

86. Under the previous classifications of schizophrenia, if a person was difficult to diagnose, in what “catch-all” category would he or she be placed?

1. residual

2. undifferentiated

3. paranoid

4. disorganized

87.              symptoms of schizophrenia refer to “excess” behaviors such as hallucinations, whereas            

symptoms refer to “deficits” such as flattened emotions or loss of activity.

1. Alpha; beta

2. Type a; Type b

3. Hyperactive; hypoactive

4. Positive; negative

88. Someone with schizophrenia who suffers from both hallucinations and delusions is displaying            

symptoms.

1. positive

2. negative

3. both positive and negative

4. undifferentiated

89. Someone with schizophrenia that suffers from both social withdrawal and limited or toneless speech is displaying                symptoms.

1. positive

2. negative

3. both positive and negative

4. undifferentiated

90. Which type of schizophrenia symptoms is associated with a better chance for recovery?

1. positive

2. negative

3. residual

4. undifferentiated

91. Which type of symptoms is more common when schizophrenia develops rapidly?

1. positive

2. negative

3. residual

4. undifferentiated

92. Which type of symptoms is more common when schizophrenia develops slowly?

1. positive

2. negative

3. residual

4. undifferentiated

93. The heritability of schizophrenia for identical twins is about            %.

1. 8

2. 28

3. 38

4. 48

94. Three of Yachi’s grandparents had schizophrenia, both of Yumiko’s parents have it, and Tabia’s identical twin was just diagnosed with it. Who is most likely to someday be diagnosed with schizophrenia as well?

1. Yachi

2. Yumiko

3. Tabia

4. They all have the same genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia.

95. The              suggests that schizophrenia is caused by an overactivity of dopamine neurons.

1. neurotransmitter theory

2. dopamine hypothesis

3. schizophrenogenic perspective

4. hyperneuronal activity model

96. The dopamine hypothesis is supported by which of the following findings?

1. Amphetamines decrease dopamine and produce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

2. Amphetamine-induced psychosis is less likely in persons with a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia.

3. Drugs that block the effects of dopamine in the brain reduce or eliminate symptoms of schizophrenia.

4. Amphetamines decrease dopamine and can produce the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

97. Psychotic symptoms similar to those found in schizophrenia can also occur with the use of          .

1. alcohol

2. microwave ovens

3. amphetamines

4. satellite TV

98. MRI studies of people with schizophrenia have found that they have          than people without schizophrenia.

1. smaller frontal lobes

2. larger cerebral ventricles

3. larger temporal lobes

4. smaller cerebral ventricles

99. PET scans show that some people with chronic schizophrenia have less activity in the           than people without schizophrenia.

1. frontal lobes

2. temporal lobes

3. frontal and temporal lobes

4. occipital lobes

100. Loss of gray matter as seen in schizophrenia refers to a decrease in                           .

1. neurons in the cerebral cortex

2. neurons in the brainstem

3. neurons in the limbic system

4. neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus

101. Two non-biological contributors to the development of schizophrenia may be           .

1. classical and operant conditioning

2. modeling and observational learning

3. prenatal and postnatal learning

4. stress and communication disorders in family members

102. According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia, people with an inherited predisposition for schizophrenia will experience a schizophrenic episode when they are exposed to                  .

1. extremely stressful life experiences

2. low levels of stress

3. moderate levels of stress

4. the same level of stress as anyone else

103. Which of the following are family communication patterns that place a person with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia at risk for becoming systematic?

1. parents providing contradictory messages to children

2. intelligible speech

3. nonfragmented communication

4. parents providing clear messages to their children

104. Relapse in patients who return home after hospitalization for schizophrenia is higher in families whose communication is characterized by                          .

1. criticism, hostility, and over-involvement in the life of the patient

2. word salad, neologisms, and circumstantial speech

3. emotional withdrawal and oversimplified interactions

4. telegraphic speech

105. Research on the biological and psychosocial theories of schizophrenia suggests that          .

1. biological theories are superior to psychosocial ones

2. psychosocial theories are superior to biological ones

3. biological, psychosocial, and unknown factors probably interact to cause schizophrenia

4. The studies are too poorly designed to draw any conclusions.

106.                     is characterized by persistent, unwanted, fearful thoughts and urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors.

1. Generalized anxiety disorder

2. Agoraphobia

3. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

4. Ritual abuse

107. Persistent, unwanted, fearful thoughts are                  .

1. phobias

2. compulsions

3. obsessions

4. ritual fixations

108. Which of the following MOST clearly illustrates an obsessive-compulsive disorder?

1. Morgan washes her hands 10 times after learning that the patient she just treated has hepatitis B.

2. Kendrick is so anxious about his speech for tomorrow that he reviews his notes 20 times.

3. Constant sexual thoughts have made Lauryn anxious for several months. She now carries a prayer book and feels pressured to read passages over and over everywhere she goes.

4. Mason's house was burglarized last week. He now checks the locks on his doors and windows five times a night, and listens to the radio to stop worrying about his safety.

109. Compulsions refer to                          , whereas obsessions refer to                         .

1. repeated ritualistic behaviors; exaggerated thoughts

2. rational thoughts; rational behaviors

3. exaggerated thoughts; repeated ritualistic behaviors

4. rational behaviors; exaggerated thoughts

110. If someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder tries to stop the compulsive behavior, he or she will likely experience increasing                              .

1. anxiety

2. depression

3. mania

4. mental wellness

111.                        disorders are psychological dysfunctions characterized by a major loss of memory without a clear physical cause, and are marked by a disturbance in the integration of identity, memory, or consciousness.

1. Dissociative

2. Displacement

3. Disoriented

4. Identity

112. The most severe dissociative disorder is           .

1. dissociative identity disorder

2. nervous breakdown

3. associative amnesia

4. dissociative fugue

113. A condition in which two or more distinct personalities are present at different times in the same person is called                            .

1. dissociative identity disorder (DID)

2. multiple identity disorder (MID)

3. plural personality disorder (PPD)

4. dissociative personality disorder (DPD)

114. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) was previously known as          .

1. multiple personality disorder (MPD)

2. multiple identity disorder (MID)

3. plural personality disorder (PPD)

4. dissociative personality disorder (DPD)

115. Some therapists consider DID to be           .

1. untreatable

2. a result of false memories

3. overdiagnosed

4. a well-researched disorder

116. The changing between one personality to another during DID occurs primarily due to                      .

1. neurotransmitter imbalances

2. stress

3. physical pain

4. high caloric intake

117. The presence of inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that significantly impair social and occupational functioning is characteristic of            .

1. nearly all mental disorders

2. the psychotic and dissociative disorders

3. personality disorders

4. anxiety disorders

118. Disregard for others, lack of a conscience, impulsive behavior, and superficial charm are characteristic of someone                 .

1. in the manic phase of a bipolar disorder

2. with schizophrenia in remission

3. with a narcissistic personality disorder

4. with an antisocial personality disorder

119. People who are defined as being “social predators” and “lacking in conscience and empathy” probably have            .

1. insanity

2. borderline personality disorder

3. leprosy

4. antisocial personality disorder

120. One of the biological theories of the cause of antisocial personality is           .

1. a lack of hemispheric dominance

2. brain damage during the birth process

3. abnormal autonomic activation during stress

4. an unusually small corpus callosum

121. People who come from homes characterized by emotional deprivation, harsh and inconsistent discipline, and distance in parental behavior can be diagnosed with              personality disorder.

1. antisocial

2. borderline

3. histrionic

4. narcissistic

122. Roger just cleaned out his girlfriend’s bank account and left without telling anyone where he would be. He never felt any remorse for his actions, and used the money to buy himself a new sports car and support his new mistress. Roger most likely has                                                  personality disorder.

1. antisocial

2. borderline

3. histrionic

4. narcissistic

123.                        is characterized by impulsivity and an instability in mood, relationships, and self-image.

1. Borderline personality disorder

2. Antisocial personality disorder

3. Schizophrenia

4. Dissociative identity disorder

124. People with                       generally tend to see themselves and others in absolute terms – as either perfect or worthless.

1. borderline personality disorder

2. antisocial personality disorder

3. schizophrenia

4. dissociative identity disorder

125. Janice cuts her arms when overwhelmed by emotion, abruptly changes from laughter to anger, and needs constant reassurance from others to feel any sense of self-worth. She is MOST likely to be diagnosed with                   disorder.

1. dissociative identity disorder

2. borderline personality disorder

3. multiple personality disorder

4. major depressive disorder

126. One possible cause of borderline personality disorder is           .

1. a childhood history of neglect

2. the modeling of consistantly positive behaviors

3. an impaired functioning of the occipital lobes

4. an impaired functioning of the parietal lobes

127. One possible cause of borderline personality disorder from a biological perspective is          .

1. impaired functioning of the frontal lobes and limbic system

2. impaired functioning of the temporal lobes

3. impaired functioning of the occipital lobes

4. impaired functioning of the parietal lobes

128. Jane has experienced numerous broken relationships, divorces, and lost jobs, primarily due to her overwhelming feelings of abandonment by others that ultimately destroy her relationships. Jane most likely has   personality disorder.

1. dissociative

2. borderline

3. multiple

4. depressive

129.                     is a culture-bound disorder that is characterized by delusions and cannibalistic impulses.

1. Anorexia cannibalis

2. Flesh-eating fetish

3. Windigo psychosis

4. Mandingo psychosis

130. One reason men may experience a lower rate of severe depression than women is because       .

1. they are more likely to externalize their emotions and problems

2. the genes responsible for depression are found on the X chromosome, and men have only one of these

3. they tend to cope better with negative feelings

4. they are genetically predisposed to hormonal and neurotransmitter fluctuations

131. Which of the following is a proposed reason why women are more likely to manifest major depression than men?

1. men keep their problems to themselves

2. women are less sexually active

3. women are more likely to fall into lowest socioeconomic groups

4. women exhibit learned behavior patterns

132. The prognosis (outcome) for people with schizophrenia is         in non-industrialized countries as/than in industrialized countries.

1. better

2. lower

3. the same

4. twice as severe

133. Nishimoto found which of the following culture-bound symptoms?

1. Anglo-American respondents reported lack of energy.

2. Vietnamese-Chinese respondents reported shortness of breath.

3. Mexican respondents reported problems with memory.

4. German respondents reported sudden anxiety attacks.

134. Which of the following is a culture-general symptom of depression?

1. grief and anger

2. obsessive thoughts

3. intense concentration

4. poor concentration

135. These are examples of culture-specific symptoms of depression.

1. anxiety and sad affect

2. somatization and guilt

3. poor concentration and lack of energy

4. loss of enjoyment and anxiety

136. Researchers have found that                        disorders are found only in particular cultures.

1. culture-specific

2. culture-bound

3. culture-general

4. culture-restricted

137. Windigo psychosis is an example of a             mental disorder.

1. culture-bound

2. culturally universal

3. functional

4. organic