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Homework answers / question archive / Overview  Microgrids are defined areas of interconnected buildings or energy loads - including critical facilities -powered by distributed energy resources that can interconnect with the broader electric grid, and can operate independently, or island from the grid

Overview  Microgrids are defined areas of interconnected buildings or energy loads - including critical facilities -powered by distributed energy resources that can interconnect with the broader electric grid, and can operate independently, or island from the grid

Physics

Overview 
Microgrids are defined areas of interconnected buildings or energy loads - including critical facilities -powered by distributed energy resources that can interconnect with the broader electric grid, and can operate independently, or island from the grid. Microgrids help to integrate clean energy technologies and battery storage and are particularly useful when addressing the local impacts of climate change, helping to keep critical facilities operational during extended power outages. 
In this project, we will design a microgrid to meet the demands of our classroom community. For each of you generated an electricity load profile. These have been aggregated together to form the demand curve for the entire classroom community. 
Task 
Run the PVWatts Calculator cf., for a 1 kW PV system with default parameters set for the ZIP code, 02115. Download the "Hourly" results from the PV Watts analysis. 
You may use Excel, Matlab, or Python for the following analysis. 
For every hour of the year you should have two data points: 
1. Supply: The "AC System Output (W)" data from PV Watts 2. Demand: Assume the load curve is constant every day. (This is a gross assumption, but a more thorough analysis would require more detailed electricity use information.) Replicate the daily load curve to align with the 8,760 hours in the year generated by PVWatts. 
Determine how much solar capacity is required to generate as much energy in a year as is consumed. 
To do this, multiply the PVWatts output by a constant until the sum equals the sum of the demand of the year. Even when the yearly supply energy equals the yearly energy demand, there are times when excess power is produced, or demand exceeds local supply from the PV panels. This difference must be supplied by the electric grid. However, a true microgrid can run without sending or receiving power to the big grid. 
Determine the smallest battery required to store excess power and meet demand at all hours. 
To do this, use the data and simulate the battery state-of-charge (SOC): when supply is greater than demand, increase the SOC and when demand is greater than supply decrease the SOC accordingly. Ensure, at all times, that the SOC is between 0 Wh and whatever battery capacity you choose. 
Submission 
1. How much would such a PV and battery system cost to buy? 2. What would the levelized cost of energy be if the lifetime was 20 years? 
Submit your answers to these questions as a brief (1 page) writeup saved as a PDF. I will be looking at: 
O Clarity of writing When you make a statement - ask yourself "so what?" If there is an answer, you need to keep going.) O Quality of writing (remember from grade school that a paragraph is at least 3 sentences, spelling and grammar should be checked) o Correctness of results O Logic of how you arrived at this answer 
Also submit any spreadsheets, code, and datafiles in a separate zip file. I will be looking for: 
o Quality (was time put into creating this work?) O Clarity (comments and indentations are present in code or headers and colors are used wisely for ease of reading spreadsheets) 
 

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