Georgia Military College

PATHO HCR 240

MOD 2

Patho- Ch 4 -Quiz

1)Which enzymes assist in repairing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) defects by recognizing a defect, cleaving the abnormal chain, and removing the distorted regions?

 

2. -Select the statement that best describes the difference between ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

 

3. -A male child asks the nurse what chromosomes he would receive from his father. The best response would be:

 

 

4. -Which term accurately describes the position of a gene on a chromosome?

 

 

 

 

 

5. -A nurse understands that the cell cycle of duplicating somatic cells is called:

 

 

 

 

6. -Chromosomes contain all the genetic content of the genome. There are 23 pairs of different chromosomes in each somatic cell, half from the mother and half from the father. One of those chromosomes is the sex chromosome. What are the other 22 pairs of chromosomes called?

 

 

 

7. -Which material has been produced using recombinant DNA technology?

 

8. -An instructor is teaching students about recombinant DNA technology and the impact of its results on pharmacology. Select the response that best identifies a result of the technology.

 

9. -When an infant is born with gene mutations in his/her cells, the errors may be a result of all of the following except     of base pairs.

 

10. -Which statement is true concerning DNA structure and function?

 

 

 

 

11. -After reading about an international effort organized to develop a map to link genetic variations and complex diseases, a client asks the nurse what this effort is called. What is the nurse's best response?

 

12. -A nurse conducting a genetics class says that one type of RNA delivers the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome. Which type of RNA is the nurse referring to?

 

 

 

 

13. -Select the option that best describes the nitrogenous group that has two nitrogen rings and includes adenine and guanine.

 

14. -Select the base used in transmitting genetic information needed for protein synthesis that replaces thymine in a ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure.

 

15. -Splicing of mRNA during processing permits a cell to:

 

16. -Which statement is true concerning mitochondrial DNA?

 

 

17. -A nurse recognizes that no two clients have the same susceptibility to disease and that this is partly due to:

 

18. -A nurse is reading a report that refers to a gene on band 2, region 2 of the short arm of the X chromosome. The nurse understands that the location of the gene would typically be documented as which of the following?

 

 

19. -From the following list, which medications have been developed utilizing recombinant DNA technology?
    1. insulin, for clients with diabetes
    2. erythropoietin to help the body generate more RBCs
    3. tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve a clot in the brain

 

20. -Most human traits are determined by multiple pairs of genes, many with alternate codes, accounting for some dissimilar forms that occur with certain genetic disorders. What type of inheritance involves multiple genes at different loci, with each gene exerting a small additive effect in determining a trait?

 

21. -Which process is considered one of the primary approaches to gene therapy?
    1. Replace defected genes
    2. Silence deleterious genes

 

22. -The International HapMap Project was created with two goals. One is the development of methods for applying the technology of these projects to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The other is to map the

of the many closely related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genome?

 

 

23. -When discussing linkage studies, the instructor mentions that color blindness is found in a small section of the X chromosome and has been linked to development of which disease?
    1. Hemophilia A
    2. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

 

24. -Which pregnant couple should the nurse refer to genetic counseling regarding the risk of an additional chromosome 21?

 

25. Triplet codes of three bases are the genetic codes used in transmitting genetic information necessary for which one of these?

 

26. Multifactorial inheritance is similar to polygenic inheritance because both involve which of these?

 

27. Crossing-over of chromatid segments during meiosis division 1 results in:

 

28. The nurse knows that during the transcription process, which of these is true of RNA?

 

29. Gene therapy (insertion of genes into the genome of multicellular organisms) is accomplished by:

 

30. Which fact underlies the application of RNA interference in the treatment of disease?

 

31. Which statement is not true concerning chromosomes?

 

32. Which statement is true?

 

33. A nurse conducting a genetics class explains that RNA differs from DNA in which ways?
    1. RNA is a single-strand molecule.
    2. RNA sugar is ribose.
    3. RNA's pyrimidine base is uracil.

 

34. A nurse working in a genetics office understands that messenger RNA is formed through:

 

35. A nurse working in a genetic clinic understands that the process of transcription is initiated by which of the following?

 

36. The process of spermatogenesis results in which of the following?

37. A nurse understands that the cell cycle of duplicating somatic cells is called:

 

38. A nurse in a genetic clinic reads that a client's karyotype includes a broken "p." The nurse interprets this to mean which of the following?

 

39. Homozygotes are what people are called in whom the two alleles of a given pair are the same (AA or aa). Heterozygotes are what people are called who have different alleles (Aa) at a gene locus. What kind of trait is expressed only in homozygous pairing?

 

40. There are two main approaches used in gene therapy: transferred genes can replace defective genes, or they can selectively inhibit deleterious genes. What are the compounds usually used in gene therapy?

 

41. Like DNA, RNA is a long string of nucleotides encased in a large molecule. However, there are three aspects of its structure that makes it different from DNA. What are these aspects?
    1. The sugar in each nucleotide of RNA is ribose.
    2. RNA is a single-stranded molecule.
    3. RNA’s thymine base is replaced by uracil.

 

42. A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant DNA technology. Which statement about recombinant DNA is most accurate?

 

43. A 5-year-old child has just been diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. What information about how this condition is inherited should the nurse provide to the parents?

 

44. A pregnant woman carrying both a dominant (brown) and a recessive (blue) gene has a husband who has a recessive gene that pairs with her recessive gene. The woman asks what color eyes their baby will have. The best response would be:

 

45. The production of proteins requires both DNA and a second type of nucleotide called ribonucleic acid (RNA). The process is accomplished by which options?
    1. The transcription of the DNA code onto messenger RNA
    2. The translation of messenger RNA code by transfer RNA

 

46. A researcher is involved in the investigation of an individual's genetic abnormality. Which situation could the researcher most likely rule out as the genetic cause of a mutation?

 

47. When comparing and contrasting the various forms of RNA, the pathophysiology instructor identifies that ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is unique in that it:

 

48. Which concept in gene therapy can be used to control viral infection by preventing the synthesis of viral proteins?

49. The process of gene expression is increased by which of the following?

 

50. Which method of genetic mapping focuses on the measurement of enzyme activity?

 

51. Which feature of a DNA molecule allows for precise replication?

 

52. Which conceptual model would be most helpful for a nurse to develop to show a client's family history of an inherited trait?

 

53. A nurse planning a community education class on genetics includes which term as the complete set of proteins encoded by a genome?

 

54. Which term is used to define the complete set of proteins encoded by a genome?

 

55. On rare occasions, accidental errors in duplication of DNA occur. What are these called?

 

56. A client asks the nurse, “What makes one cell different from another if they all have the same DNA?” Which is a possible answer the nurse could give?

 

57. An individual's muscle cell is undergoing the process of protein synthesis. During the process of translation, what event will take place?

 

58. A nurse conducting a staff development class on chromosomes knows they understand the material when the staff correctly states that normal women have 50% of their X chromosomes from their mothers and 50% from their fathers using which terminology?

 

59. Following meiosis, which replicates germ cells and results in the formation of gametes, how many chromosomes do the gametes possess?

 

60. Which statement is true concerning a human body’s chromosomes?
    1. It stores genetic information.
    2. It contains 46 single units.
    3. One pair determines the individual’s sex.
    4. 22 gene pairs are autosomes.

 

61. Which of the following is the best definition of a haplotype?

 

62. A client's history and physical document that the client is a carrier of hepatitis C. This means that the client has which trait?