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Homework answers / question archive / Wake Tech PSY 150 Chapter 3 Consciousness Test Bank Psychology in Your Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1)Consciousness is best defined as a
Wake Tech
PSY 150
Chapter 3 Consciousness
Test Bank Psychology in Your Life
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1)Consciousness is best defined as
a. your subjective experiences of the external world.
b. your ability to objectively pay attention to important information.
c. moving from a state of sleep to a state of wakefulness.
d. processing of sensory information without full awareness.
2. The idea that the activity of neurons in the brain produces consciousness is called
a. dualism.
b. materialism.
c. consolidation theory.
d. dissociation theory.
3. Which of the following is NOT an example of consciousness?
a. moment-by-moment subjective experiences
b. paying attention to your surroundings
c. reflecting on your thoughts
d. being in a persistent vegetative state
4. You want to convince your friend that the relationship between the conscious mind and the physical brain is best explained by the materialism view. To do this, you should provide evidence that
a. brain processes allow the experiences of the mind.
b. the mind and the brain are separate but interconnected.
c. conscious processing in the brain allows the unconscious mind.
d. the brain, not the mind, experiences altered consciousness.
5. Which of the following is a potential drawback of using automatic processing?
a. It can only be used to learn complex tasks.
b. It requires a lot of attention and effort.
c. We are not able to focus attention on other things.
d. We are less likely to remember relevant details.
6. Which of the following is most likely an example of an automatic process?
a. walking down the sidewalk
b. driving in stormy weather
c. taking a difficult test
d. threading a tiny needle
7. Which of the following is most likely an example of a controlled process?
a. blinking your eyes
b. walking around the block
c. chewing a bite of food
d. roller skating for the first time
8. Raya has been knitting for many years. Jade just started learning how to knit yesterday. For Raya, knitting is most likely a(n) process and for Jade, knitting is most likely a(n) process.
a. automatic; controlled
b. controlled; automatic
c. subjective; objective
d. objective; subjective
9. Which of the following best describes a Freudian slip?
a. A conscious thought that is verbally misleading.
b. A conscious thought that is expressed at an inappropriate time.
c. An unconscious thought that is expressed at an inappropriate time.
d. An unconscious thought that soon becomes conscious.
10. In an experiment, researchers found that when given the word pair ocean-moon, followed by the word detergent, participants typically said the word tide. Participants were then asked why they said tide. Which of the following explanations was a participant LEAST likely to give?
a. “My mom used Tide when I was growing up.”
b. “I see Tide commercials on television all the time.”
c. “The ocean-moon word pair reminded me of the tide.”
d. “I love the way Tide cleans my bright colors.”
11. In an experiment, researchers found that when given the word pair ocean-moon, followed by the word detergent, participants typically said the word tide. When asked to explain their word choice, participants were unaware that the word pair had influenced their response. This supports the concept of
a. subjective perception.
b. controlled processing.
c. conscious processing.
d. subliminal perception.
12. According to the global workspace model, consciousness is a function of
a. the degree of damage to certain brain regions.
b. stimulation of the visual processing areas.
c. activity in specific brain regions.
d. the level of arousal in certain brain regions.
13. In a research study, participants were shown images with houses superimposed on faces and asked whether they saw a house or a face. When they looked at the participants’ brain responses during this task, what did they find?
a. Brain activity changed depending on whether they said they saw a house or a face.
b. Brain activity was the same, regardless of whether they said they saw a house or a face.
c. Their brains emitted large, slow-wave activity equally for both images.
d. Their brains had activity in two regions, indicating that they saw both the house and the face.
14. Juan believes that the prefrontal cortex is responsible for consciousness. Pierre disagrees, saying that no single area of the brain is responsible for consciousness, and that instead specific areas process certain types of information. Pierre most likely believes in the
model of consciousness.
a. dissociation
b. activation synthesis
c. restorative
d. global workspace
15. To treat his epilepsy, doctors sever Liam’s corpus callosum. As a result, Liam will
a. experience a loss of consciousness.
b. be unable to walk.
c. have a split brain.
d. be unable to form new memories.
16. In a person with a normally functioning brain, the part of the brain that typically controls speech is the
a. left hemisphere.
b. right hemisphere.
c. occipital lobe.
d. parietal lobe.
17. The fact that the brain acts as an interpreter refers to the ability of the
a. right hemisphere to construct a world that makes sense.
b. left hemisphere to construct a world that makes sense.
c. right hemisphere to process speech.
d. left hemisphere to process speech.
18. The part of the brain that is known as the interpreter is the hemisphere because it
.
a. left; tries to construct a world that makes sense
b. right; tries to construct a world that makes sense
c. left; processes speech
d. right; processes speech
19. In severe cases, which disorder may require the corpus callosum to be surgically severed?
a. dementia
b. epilepsy
c. Alzheimer’s disease
d. Parkinson’s disease
20. Angie had brain surgery. Although she can function quite normally, she is unable to verbally report the name of an object that is shown to her left visual field. However, when the same object is shown to her right visual field, she can verbally name the object. Based on this information, Angie’s brain surgery likely involved severing the
a. corpus callosum.
b. temporal lobe.
c. frontal lobe.
d. left hemisphere.
21. After split-brain surgery, a picture of a blue chair is shown to the client’s right hemisphere.
When asked what she saw, the client will most likely say that she saw
a. a chair.
b. nothing.
c. something blue.
d. a piece of furniture.
22. After split-brain surgery, a picture of a blue chair is shown to the client’s right hemisphere.
When given a pencil to draw what she saw using her left hand, the client draws
a. a chair.
b. nothing.
c. half of a chair.
d. another piece of furniture.
23. A split-brain client is shown a frog in her right visual field. This information is processed by
a. the left side of her occipital lobe.
b. the right side of her occipital lobe.
c. both sides of her occipital lobe.
d. her prefrontal cortex.
24. Sienna is giving a verbal presentation in her political science class. During her presentation it is most likely that the is more active than the hemisphere.
a. left hemisphere; right
b. right hemisphere; left
c. parietal lobe; right
d. parietal lobe; left
25. A split-brain client is shown a frog in her right visual field. She is asked to identify what she sees. She most likely will be able to
a. point to the frog with her left hand.
b. point to the frog with both hands.
c. say the word frog.
d. write the word frog with her left hand.
26. Kate has suffered damage to her right hemisphere. Which of the following tasks is LEAST likely to be affected?
a. rearranging furniture
b. balancing her checkbook
c. stacking blocks
d. drawing a picture
27. The brain area that influences the secretion of melatonin is the
a. pineal gland.
b. reticular formation.
c. suprachiasmatic nucleus.
d. substantia nigra.
28. The part of the brain that is NOT involved in maintaining sleep/wake cycles is the
a. suprachiasmatic nucleus.
b. pineal gland.
c. hypothalamus.
d. hippocampus.
29. If you want to increase the production of melatonin, you should
a. sit under a bright light.
b. go outside during the day.
c. sit in a completely dark room.
d. go for a walk at sunset.
30. Which of the following actions does NOT typically happen during sleep?
a. analyzing danger
b. controlling body movements
c. finding comfortable body positions
d. experiencing conscious awareness
31. At what sleep stage does your breathing become more regular and your awareness of external stimulation decrease?
a. REM
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. stage 4
32. Sleeping people who show theta waves on their EEGs are most likely in sleep.
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. REM
33. As you sleep through the night, REM sleep
a. increases relative to the other stages.
b. decreases relative to the other stages.
c. is more likely to involve dreaming.
d. is less likely to involve dreaming.
34. REM sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
a. increased brain activity.
b. dreaming.
c. body paralysis.
d. K-complexes.
35. REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because the
a. person is not really asleep.
b. person’s body is asleep, but the person’s brain is active.
c. person’s brain is asleep, but the person’s body is active.
d. person has no awareness of being asleep.
36. You tell your friend Betty about a dream in which you were a giant cupcake. Betty tells you the dream was meaningless and was only caused by random neural firings during sleep. Based on this you know that Betty most likely believes in the theory of dreaming.
a. restorative
b. activation-synthesis
c. dissociation
d. circadian rhythm
37. Dreams that happen during REM sleep are . Dreams that happen during non- REM sleep are .
a. dull; highly emotional
b. highly emotional; dull
c. easily understandable; highly illogical
d. highly emotional; highly illogical
38. Elizabeth is awake and alert while playing a video game. Her brain activity will most likely be characterized by waves.
a. alpha
b. beta
c. theta
d. delta
39. As Isaac reads his textbook, he gets more and more drowsy and is just about to fall asleep. His brain activity will most likely be characterized by waves.
a. alpha
b. beta
c. theta
d. delta
40. You are lying by the pool, relaxing with your eyes closed, and feeling drowsy. In this situation, the type of brain waves that would most likely show up on your EEGs are
a. delta.
b. alpha.
c. beta.
d. theta.
41. After Mork has gone through one full sleep cycle, his heart beats faster, his breathing grows fast and irregular, and his closed eyes begin to move back and forth. Mork is most likely experiencing
a. REM behavior disorder.
b. REM sleep.
c. stage 1 sleep.
d. stage 4 sleep.
42. After Mork has gone through one full sleep cycle, his heart beats faster, his breathing grows fast and irregular, and his closed eyes begin to move back and forth. A researcher who is monitoring Mork’s EEG activity will most likely see waves.
a. theta
b. delta
c. alpha
d. beta
43. Tasha is a sleep-deprived college student. In class today, Tasha found her eyes rolling and her arm twitched. Tasha was most likely experiencing
a. REM behavior disorder.
b. stage 2 sleep.
c. narcolepsy.
d. stage 1 sleep.
44. Aaron is asleep. His breathing has become more regular and he is less sensitive to external stimulation. The researcher can confirm that Aaron is in stage 2 sleep by looking for
on Aaron’s EEGs.
a. alpha waves
b. K-complexes
c. beta waves
d. delta waves
45. You tell your friend Betty about a dream in which you were a giant cupcake. Betty says it means that you have an unconscious desire to drop out of college and become a baker. Betty’s statement is describing the content of the dream.
a. manifest
b. activation-synthesis
c. latent
d. consolidation
46. In her dream, Lisa has just won the lottery. Her friend interprets the dream as Lisa’s unconscious obsession with money and wealth. Her friend’s statement indicates that she is focusing on the content of the dream.
a. manifest
b. latent
c. activation-synthesis
d. consolidation
47. Odin is asleep when his neighbor starts banging on his window. Odin barely moves, and when he does finally wake up, he is confused and disoriented. Before he was awakened, Odin was most likely in sleep.
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 4
d. REM
48. Rhianna had been asleep for 30 minutes when she was awakened by her roommate screaming at her to pick up the phone. Rhianna was extremely confused, so she grabbed her shoe and said “Hello?” Before she was awakened, Rhianna was most likely in sleep.
a. REM
b. stage 1
c. stage 2
d. stage 4
49. Linnea said that last night she had dreams about daily activities, such as what she was going to wear to school and what pen to bring to class. Based on the nature of the dreams, it is most likely that Linnea had the dream in sleep.
a. non-REM
b. REM
c. stage 4
d. lucid
50. Esther dreams that she is swimming. Esther’s psychoanalyst suggests that her dream represents a hidden desire for sexual intimacy. The psychoanalyst would most likely say that in the dream
a. swimming is the manifest content.
b. swimming is the latent content.
c. unconscious sexual desire was just a result of neural activity.
d. the images about swimming were just a result of neural activity.
51. Which of the following statements does NOT describe an adaptive function of sleep?
a. Sleep enables the brain to restore itself.
b. Activity is limited during sleep, keeping us safe from harm.
c. Sleep strengthens neural connections.
d. Sleep allows us to imagine and dream.
52. After playing a difficult soccer match that wore his body out, Jon slept for an extra 4 hours. Jon’s extra sleep is best explained by theory.
a. circadian rhythm
b. dissociation
c. restorative
d. consolidation
53. Becky, a 35-year-old mother, sleeps whenever her 6-month-old baby does. Even though Becky and her infant get the same amount of sleep, Becky will spend time in
sleep compared with her baby.
a. more; REM
b. less; REM
c. more; stage 4
d. less; stage 4
54. Four people of different ages volunteer to take part in a sleep study that monitors their brain waves. The volunteer who will likely spend the most time in REM sleep is a
a. 3-year-old girl.
b. 13-year-old girl.
c. 3-month-old boy.
d. 30-year-old man.
55. Mandy typically gets a good night of sleep. However, last night, she stayed up all night studying for her exam. After this one night of sleep deprivation, the next day Mandy will most likely have trouble
a. moving heavy boxes up the stairs.
b. figuring out the answer to a complex physics problem.
c. jogging a mile around the track.
d. reading a book in a quiet room.
56. Circadian rhythms can best be described as
a. heartbeats that trigger a change in blood circulation.
b. the changes that occur in wakefulness after jet lag and shift work.
c. biological clocks that control hormones, temperature, and sleep cycles.
d. the time between sunrise and sunset, which determines sleep patterns.
57. One major cause of insomnia is
a. a lack of REM sleep.
b. altered theta waves.
c. narcolepsy.
d. worrying about sleep.
58. Your roommate says that you seem to wake up dozens of times in the night, gasping for air, but are totally unaware of it. Based on this information, you may be experiencing
a. narcolepsy.
b. insomnia.
c. REM behavior disorder.
d. sleep apnea.
59. Occasionally, Jessie will fall asleep at inappropriate times, for example, in the middle of talking to a customer at work. Based on this information, Jessie might be experiencing
a. narcolepsy.
b. somnambulism.
c. REM behavior disorder.
d. insomnia.
60. Your child wakes up during the first hour or two after going to bed and walks around his room with a glassy-eyed look. Based on this information, your child most likely has a sleep disorder called
a. sleep apnea.
b. somnambulism.
c. REM behavior disorder.
d. narcolepsy.
61. While dreaming that she is riding a bicycle, Millie actually moves around in bed making arm and leg motions similar to those of a cyclist. Millie is most likely experiencing
a. narcolepsy.
b. sleep apnea.
c. REM behavior disorder.
d. insomnia.
62. Hypnosis, meditation, and drug use all allow individuals to
a. change the quality of their consciousness.
b. achieve a sense of flow.
c. consciously change their behaviors.
d. spend longer time in REM sleep.
63. Which of the following is NOT associated with an altered state of consciousness?
a. intense concentration during an enjoyable activity
b. receiving a posthypnotic suggestion that affects behavior
c. listening to music while taking a walk
d. practicing mindfulness meditation
64. Altered consciousness can be achieved through all of the following EXCEPT
a. hypnosis.
b. psychoactive drug use.
c. meditation.
d. subliminal perception.
65. When a person experiences changes in memory, perception, or voluntary action as a result of suggestions made by another person they are most likely experiencing
a. hypnosis.
b. meditation.
c. flow.
d. REM sleep.
66. According to the sociocognitive theory, hypnosis
a. is a true, trancelike state.
b. is a state where conscious awareness is dissociated from the mind.
c. causes people to play the role of being hypnotized.
d. causes people to experience altered sleep patterns.
67. Which statement about hypnosis is true?
a. When hypnotized, a person experiences consciousness that is the same as sleeping.
b. When hypnotized, a person is under the complete control of someone else.
c. Hypnosis does not result in an altered state of consciousness.
d. Hypnosis can change a person’s pattern of brain activity.
68. According to the sociocognitive theory of hypnosis, people who are hypnotized are
a. acting out what they think is expected of them.
b. following the hypnotist’s directions to get attention.
c. in a state of consciousness where they are more willing to do as asked.
d. in a state of consciousness where their inhibitions are impaired.
69. According to the dissociation theory of hypnosis, people who are hypnotized are
a. acting out what they think is expected of them.
b. following the hypnotist’s directions to get attention.
c. in an altered state where awareness is separated from parts of consciousness.
d. in a state of consciousness where their inhibitions are impaired.
70. According to research, the most important factor in allowing a person to be successfully hypnotized is the
a. skill and experience of the hypnotist.
b. suggestibility of the individual to be hypnotized.
c. likability of the hypnotist.
d. size of the audience watching the hypnosis.
71. Marvello the hypnotist puts Van in a trance and tells him to cluck like a chicken whenever he sees a fire truck in the week following the show. Marvello is trying to influence Van’s behavior
a. by giving him a posthypnotic suggestion.
b. by creating hypnotic analgesia.
c. through dissociation theory.
d. through sociocognitive theory.
72. One way to achieve an altered state of consciousness is by focusing your attention on one thing, like your pattern of breathing. A deep sense of tranquility can be achieved through this process of meditation.
a. mindfulness
b. concentrative
c. transcendental
d. hypnotic
73. Which of the following correctly describes how meditation affects brain function?
a. Long-term practicing can lead to structural brain changes.
b. Short-term practicing can lead to structural brain changes.
c. Meditation and hypnosis affect brain function the same way.
d. Meditation does not affect brain function.
74. Which of the following is NOT associated with an altered state of consciousness?
a. runner’s high
b. religious ecstasy
c. automatic processing
d. flow state
75. Because of a heart condition, you decide to try transcendental meditation to improve your health. The benefit that you are most likely to experience is
a. lowered blood pressure.
b. greater physical strength.
c. increased intelligence.
d. diminished gray matter in the brain.
76. Meditation seems to affect cognitive processing in all of the following ways EXCEPT by
a. improving attentional processing.
b. preserving brain function during aging.
c. reducing stress.
d. reducing pain.
77. Lizbeth uses mindfulness meditation to achieve an altered state of consciousness by
a. focusing her attention on repeating a mantra.
b. allowing her thoughts to flow freely without reacting to them.
c. keeping her eyes open throughout the experience.
d. meditating for 20 minutes a day, twice a day.
78. Which of the following people is most likely experiencing flow?
a. Jill, who uses automatic processes when she commutes to work every day
b. Peter, who feels a runner’s high while running seven miles
c. Linda, who is trying to read 30 pages of her text for a quiz later today
d. Chris, who must clean the car before his girlfriend arrives in a few minutes
79. Three of the following people are practicing meditation to achieve an altered state of consciousness. Which person is NOT practicing one of the various forms of meditation?
a. Larry focuses attention on one thing, such as his breathing pattern.
b. Genevieve consciously tries to stop her inner thought processes.
c. Miguel is repeating a mantra.
d. Ariel is listening to her inner voice without responding.
80. When Marisol is running during marathons she gets a runner’s high. During these times she most likely experiences
a. altered consciousness.
b. dopamine release in the brain.
c. automatic processing of the running itself.
d. a shift in her breathing pattern.
81. Which of the following is NOT a psychoactive drug that alters consciousness?
a. stimulants
b. hallucinogenics
c. depressants
d. antibiotics
82. To be considered a stimulant, a drug must mental and activity.
a. increase; behavioral
b. decrease; behavioral
c. increase; emotional
d. decrease; emotional
83. To be considered a depressant, a drug must mental and activity.
a. increase; behavioral
b. decrease; behavioral
c. increase; emotional
d. decrease; emotional
84. Stimulant drugs have all of the following effects EXCEPT increasing
a. heart rate.
b. blood pressure.
c. mood.
d. sleep.
85. To be considered a hallucinogenic, a drug must
a. alter sensation and perception.
b. alter behavioral activity.
c. decrease emotional activity.
d. decrease mental activity.
86. Which of the following drugs is a stimulant?
a. cocaine
b. alcohol
c. heroin
d. codeine
87. Which of the following drugs is a hallucinogenic?
a. methamphetamine
b. MDMA
c. morphine
d. cocaine
88. Which of the following drugs is a depressant?
a. cocaine
b. methamphetamine
c. heroin
d. MDMA
89. Carla just took an amphetamine, which means that her heart rate and blood pressure will
a. fluctuate continuously.
b. remain unchanged.
c. increase.
d. decrease.
90. Methamphetamine increases the concentration of dopamine in the synapse, just like another stimulant, called
a. cocaine.
b. MDMA.
c. alcohol.
d. heroin.
91. Opiate drugs have the effect of
a. creating intense feelings of pleasure.
b. increasing heart rate.
c. increasing mental activity.
d. causing anxiety and restlessness.
92. Gina got drunk last night, which made her feel disinhibited and relaxed because alcohol is a(n)
a. hallucinogenic
b. opiate
c. depressant
d. stimulant
93. Heroin increases pleasure by receptors.
a. activating serotonin
b. inhibiting dopamine
c. blocking opiate
d. binding with opiate
94. After taking a drug at a party, Fawn became energetic, talkative, and lively. Which drug did Fawn most likely use?
a. alcohol
b. cocaine
c. heroin
d. marijuana
95. Meghan is under the influence of a drug. She feels energized and is also experiencing altered visual perception. Meghan most likely took the drug
a. MDMA.
b. marijuana.
c. heroin.
d. methamphetamine.
96. When Terry stopped using a certain prescription drug, he got very anxious and had severe headaches. Terry’s experience is most likely a result of
a. tolerance.
b. psychological dependence.
c. withdrawal.
d. addiction.
97. Which of the following is NOT a factor in the development of addiction?
a. attraction to novelty and risk taking
b. poor relationships with parents
c. inherited tendency to sensation seeking
d. personal beliefs that addiction is a choice
98. Penelope has been drinking coffee for the past 10 years. She says she needs the caffeine just to get through the day. Today, she has not had any coffee, and has a severe headache, fatigue, and shakiness. Penelope is most likely dependent on caffeine.
a. psychologically
b. socially
c. behaviorally
d. physically
99. Giacomo has used methamphetamines for a while. To feel the effects of the drug, he now has to take more of it than he used to, which means that Giacomo is experiencing
a. tolerance.
b. dependence.
c. withdrawal.
d. addiction.
100. Byron drinks five cups of coffee each day during the work week. Whenever he sleeps late on Saturdays, he wakes up with a headache that only goes away when he has a cup of coffee.
Based on this you know that Byron is most likely experiencing
a. tolerance.
b. psychological dependence.
c. withdrawal.
d. contextual cravings.
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