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Wake Tech PSY 150 Chapter 2 The Role of Biology in Psychology Test Bank Psychology in Your Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1)The basic building blocks of the nervous system are the a

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PSY 150

Chapter 2 The Role of Biology in Psychology

Test Bank Psychology in Your Life

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1)The basic building blocks of the nervous system are the

a.            neurons.

b.            endocrine glands.

c.             dendrites.

d.            glial cells.

 

 

2.            Our body’s nervous system is built from billions of nerve cells, which are called

a.            neurotransmitters.

b.            neurons.

c.             axons.

d.            hormones.

 

 

3.            In the nervous system, each neuron communicates with

a.            one or two other neurons.

b.            a random subset of the other neurons in the nervous system.

c.             many other neurons in an organized network.

d.            all of the other neurons in the nervous system.

 

 

4.            Which of the following best summarizes the main function(s) of your nervous system?

a.            It allows the right side of your brain to communicate with the left side of your brain.

b.            It regulates the oxygen in your blood, protects you from pain, and helps your body eliminate waste.

c.             It allows you to receive sensory information, process that information, and then respond to it.

d.            It produces vital bodily fluids such as bile and regulates the body’s secretion of these fluids.

 

 

5.            Your nervous system allows you to do all of the following EXCEPT

a.            receive sensory input.

b.            perceive and remember information.

 

c.             make behavioral responses.

d.            alter genetic codes.

 

 

6.            The spinal cord is part of the       nervous system.

a.            sensory

b.            peripheral

c.             somatic

d.            central

 

 

7.            The brain and the spinal cord make up the           nervous system.

a.            central

b.            peripheral

c.             primary

d.            autonomic

 

 

8.            In the nervous system, the cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information are the

a.            axons.

b.            neurons.

c.             dendrites.

d.            glial cells.

 

9.            The part of the neuron that collects information from other neurons and integrates it is the

a.            axon.

b.            synapse.

c.             cell body.

d.            dendrite.

 

10.          The site where communication occurs between neurons is called the

a.            axon.

b.            synapse.

c.             cell body.

d.            dendrite.

 

11.          When a neuron is stimulated enough, it

a.            fires an action potential.

b.            becomes an agonist.

c.             achieves a resting state.

d.            becomes an antagonist.

 

12.          After an action potential is fired, it travels quickly along the

a.            terminal buttons.

b.            synapse.

c.             receptors.

 

d.            axon.

 

13.          Neurons are able to communicate when

a.            terminal buttons plug into receptor sites on adjacent dendrites.

b.            neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite.

c.             electric signals jump across the synapse to the adjacent neuron.

d.            chemicals released into the synapse are converted to neurotransmitters that bind with receptors.

 

14.          When inactive, the electrical charge inside a neuron is slightly more negative than the electrical charge outside of the neuron. This difference in electrical charge is the

a.            action potential.

b.            resting state.

c.             inhibitory signal.

d.            excitatory signal.

 

15.          In the nervous system, the job of the axons is to              other neurons.

a.            transmit action potentials to

b.            integrate information from

c.             detect information from

d.            release neurotransmitters to

 

 

16.          A myelin sheath is a fatty layer that protects the axon, so it is most like the

a.            remote control for a TV.

b.            insulation around a pipe.

c.             layers of a cake.

d.            thermostat of a heater.

 

17.          The first step in neural communication is transmission, where

a.            neurotransmitters are released from terminal buttons.

b.            the cell body sums incoming information, which leads to an inhibitory signal.

c.             neurotransmitters enter the synapse and bind to receptors.

d.            signals from neurons stimulate a neuron to cause an action potential.

 

 

18.          One part of the neuron covers and protects it much like bark that covers the trunk of a tree. In a neuron this protective covering is called the

a.            terminal buttons.

b.            axon.

c.             dendrites.

d.            myelin sheath.

 

19.          The parts of the neuron that act like mailboxes because they receive information from other places are called the

 

a.            terminal buttons.

b.            axons.

c.             dendrites.

d.            myelin sheaths.

 

 

20.          Juan is trying to find the exact puzzle piece that will fit into a certain place in his puzzle. He says to his friend, “Hey! Finding a puzzle piece to fit into the puzzle is a lot like:”

a.            the firing of an action potential

b.            how the unique structure of a neurotransmitter must fit a certain receptor site

c.             how a neuron reaches a resting state

d.            the activity log that the nervous system maintains

 

 

21.          Chemical substances that carry messages from one neuron to the next are called

a.            agonists.

b.            neurotransmitters.

c.             hormones.

d.            antagonists.

 

 

22.          Drugs that increase the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA

a.            reduce the symptoms of depression.

b.            improve motor control.

c.             are used to treat anxiety.

d.            may cause seizures.

 

 

23.          A neurotransmitter that is important in muscle contraction is

a.            epinephrine.

b.            norepinephrine.

c.             acetylcholine.

d.            serotonin.

 

24.          If a new drug interferes with how the neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions, then the drug

a.            is an agonist.

b.            is an antagonist.

c.             creates an inhibitory signal.

d.            creates an excitatory signal.

 

 

25.          Because nicotine increases how the neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions, it is an

a.            inhibitory neurotransmitter.

b.            excitatory neurotransmitter.

c.             antagonist.

d.            agonist.

 

 

 

26.          The action of neurotransmitters is           by agonists and is             by antagonists.

a.            increased; decreased

b.            decreased; increased

c.             increased; not affected by

d.            not affected by; decreased

 

27.          Suppose you begin feeling extremely depressed and want a prescription drug to alleviate your depression. The drug you should take should affect the neurotransmitter

a.            dopamine.

b.            epinephrine.

c.             serotonin.

d.            acetylcholine.

 

 

28.          Roberto’s grandmother has Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, you would expect to see too

                of the neurotransmitter               in her brain.

a.            much; acetylcholine

b.            little; acetylcholine

c.             much; dopamine

d.            little; dopamine

 

29.          Lionel has Parkinson’s disease and has difficulty starting motor movements because the neurons involved with dopamine activity are

a.            dying off.

b.            producing too much dopamine.

c.             no longer producing dopamine.

d.            rapidly multiplying.

 

 

30.          You are running a 5-K race and suddenly you experience an adrenaline rush. This burst of energy is caused by your body releasing the neurotransmitter

a.            acetylcholine.

b.            epinephrine.

c.             glutamate.

d.            dopamine.

 

 

31.          Marco has great difficulty walking. His doctor told him that this was due to a decreasing amount of a neurotransmitter in his brain. Which of the following neurotransmitters would be likely to cause this difficulty?

a.            epinephrine

b.            norepinephrine

c.             glutamate

d.            dopamine

 

 

 

32.          Benita is playing a very exciting video game and she finds that she wants to keep playing it more and more. Benita’s desire is most likely activating the neurons in her brain that produce more of the neurotransmitter

a.            acetylcholine.

b.            epinephrine.

c.             serotonin.

d.            dopamine.

 

 

33.          Which specialized area of the brain is crucial to the production of speech?

a.            Broca’s area

b.            amygdala

c.             cerebellum

d.            thalamus

 

 

34.          Which of the following is NOT a modern method for accurately measuring brain activity?

a.            phrenology

b.            transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

c.             functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

d.            electroencephalograph (EEG)

 

35.          The measure of brain activity that temporarily “turns off” parts of the brain to see how specific brain regions are affected is called

a.            phrenology.

b.            transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

c.             functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

d.            electroencephalograph (EEG).

 

36.          Lisa has problems sleeping so she goes to a sleep clinic. At the clinic the researchers measure her brain’s electrical activity as she sleeps by using the technique of

a.            electroencephalographs.

b.            transcranial magnetic stimulation.

c.             functional magnetic resonance imaging.

d.            phrenology.

 

 

37.          The area of the brain that allows you to initiate voluntary motor activity is the

a.            hindbrain.

b.            midbrain.

c.             occipital lobe.

d.            temporal lobe.

 

38.          Your motivations and emotions are controlled by the

 

a.            hindbrain.

b.            cerebellum.

c.             forebrain.

d.            thalamus.

 

 

39.          The part of your brain that makes it possible for you to learn how to ride a bike and stay balanced while doing so is the

a.            thalamus.

b.            cerebellum.

c.             amygdala.

d.            hypothalamus.

 

40.          Basic survival functions such as heart rate are controlled by the

a.            thalamus.

b.            cerebellum.

c.             hippocampus.

d.            brain stem.

 

41.          Damage to this area of the brain might cause problems with coordination and balance.

a.            hippocampus

b.            cerebellum

c.             amygdala

d.            temporal lobe

 

42.          Doctors finally understood why the child had difficulty with involuntary breathing. They discovered that she had a large tumor located in her

a.            thalamus.

b.            amygdala.

c.             hippocampus.

d.            brain stem.

 

 

43.          Which part of the brain would be the most helpful in helping you walk along a balance beam without falling off?

a.            brain stem

b.            hypothalamus

c.             cerebellum

d.            temporal lobe

 

 

44.          Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, Yves’s          is functioning poorly.

a.            cerebellum

b.            thalamus

c.             amygdala

 

d.            hippocampus

 

45.          According to Maguire and colleagues’ study on the brain structures of London taxi drivers, which part of a taxi driver’s brain is more likely to be larger than normal?

a.            frontal lobe

b.            hippocampus

c.             cerebellum

d.            thalamus

 

46.          The brain structure that is associated with the formation of memories is the

a.            thalamus.

b.            cerebellum.

c.             hippocampus.

d.            hypothalamus.

 

 

47.          Which of the following brain structures plays an important role in how we respond to fearful things?

a.            hypothalamus

b.            hippocampus

c.             amygdala

d.            thalamus

 

48.          The basal ganglia is a brain structure that is important in

a.            planning and producing movement.

b.            regulating emotions.

c.             synthesizing incoming information.

d.            thinking.

 

 

49.          The thalamus receives nearly all sensory information before relaying it to the cortex. What is the one sensation that is the exception to this rule?

a.            smell

b.            vision

c.             audition

d.            taste

 

 

50.          Which of the following is NOT located in the subcortical region of the forebrain?

a.            substantia nigra

b.            amygdala

c.             basal ganglia

d.            hippocampus

 

51.          Information travels from our sensory receptors to the   in the brain, which relays it to the cortex.

 

a.            basal ganglia

b.            hypothalamus

c.             thalamus

d.            cerebellum

 

52.          Miranda is working in a laboratory and comes across a rat that is grossly overweight and seems unable to stop eating. The researcher tells Miranda that the rat has a brain lesion. Which part of the brain most likely has the lesion?

a.            amygdala

b.            hypothalamus

c.             frontal lobe

d.            brain stem

 

 

53.          Mario is highly afraid of spiders. Which part of the brain would be activated if he were to enter a room that had a lot of spiders?

a.            hypothalamus

b.            hippocampus

c.             amygdala

d.            thalamus

 

 

54.          Mrs. Fine is highly interested in learning about the emotions of her fourth graders. Which of the following journal articles would be a good fit for her interests?

a.            “What You Need to Know About Your Thalamus”

b.            “The Basics of Basal Ganglia”

c.             “How the Cerebellum Works”

d.            “The Amazing Amygdala”

 

 

55.          A post office receives lots of incoming mail, organizes it, and then sends it out to various locations. Which part of the brain is a lot like a post office?

a.            basal ganglia

b.            hypothalamus

c.             thalamus

d.            cerebellum

 

56.          Auditory information is processed in the               lobes of the cerebral cortex.

a.            occipital

b.            parietal

c.             temporal

d.            frontal

 

57.          Visual information is processed in the    lobes of the cerebral cortex.

a.            occipital

b.            parietal

 

c.             temporal

d.            frontal

 

58.          The brain structure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex is called the

a.            thalamus.

b.            basal ganglia.

c.             temporal lobe.

d.            corpus callosum.

 

 

59.          The part of the brain that is responsible for the sense of touch and for picturing the layout of spaces in the environment is the         lobes.

a.            frontal

b.            parietal

c.             temporal

d.            occipital

 

 

60.          Brad has experienced a relatively severe left hemisphere stroke. As a result, he is unable to move his right arm and has a great deal of difficulty with planning and attention. The stroke most likely caused damage to the                lobes.

a.            frontal

b.            parietal

c.             temporal

d.            occipital

 

 

61.          Jonas has experienced a relatively severe right hemisphere stroke. As a result, he has been diagnosed with hemineglect. That is, he is unable to notice anything on the left side of his body. The location of the stroke is most likely within the                lobes.

a.            frontal

b.            parietal

c.             temporal

d.            occipital

 

 

62.          A child gets a severe blow to the head from an accident. Although her eyes are still fully functional, she can no longer see. Based on this information, her doctor determines that the brain area most likely damaged in the accident is the   lobes.

a.            frontal

b.            parietal

c.             temporal

d.            occipital

 

 

63.          Samantha recently became blind and is learning to use her fingers to read in braille. The part of her brain that will be activated by touching the bumps on the page as she reads the braille is the           lobes.

a.            frontal

b.            parietal

c.             temporal

d.            occipital

 

 

64.          The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the

a.            somatic and peripheral nervous systems.

b.            brain and spinal cord.

c.             somatic nervous system and the brain.

d.            peripheral nervous system and the spinal cord.

 

65.          The somatic nervous system processes information between the central nervous system and your

a.            glands.

b.            internal organs.

c.             skin, muscles, and joints.

d.            eye, ears, nose, and mouth.

 

66.          The somatic nervous system allows

a.            hormones to secrete.

b.            movement of the muscles and joints.

c.             signals to be transmitted to the body’s glands.

d.            the body to return to a calm, resting state.

 

 

67.          The somatic nervous system is NOT responsible for processing information about feeling

a.            a sense of sadness after learning you did poorly on a test

b.            tingling sensations when your arm falls asleep

c.             where your foot is on the stairs as you climb them

d.            a mosquito landing on your neck

 

 

68.          When you paint with a paintbrush, your brain sends messages to your finger muscles so that your fingers move in specific ways. This example illustrates the functions of the          system.

a.            somatic nervous

b.            autonomic nervous

c.             parasympathetic

d.            endocrine

 

69.          If your hand were to automatically jerk back after accidentally touching a hot kettle, which of the following systems would be responsible for this moment?

 

a.            somatic nervous system

b.            sympathetic nervous system

c.             parasympathetic nervous system

d.            endocrine system

 

70.          Your body is prepared for defensive action by the            system.

a.            somatic nervous

b.            sympathetic nervous

c.             parasympathetic nervous

d.            endocrine

 

 

71.          After cautiously walking home and arriving safely from her late-night class, Selma notices that both her heart rate and breathing slow down. This automatic return to a normal state is due to the activity of her           system.

a.            somatic nervous

b.            sympathetic

c.             parasympathetic

d.            endocrine

 

72.          When walking to his car late at night, Otto is extra vigilant and his body is on alert for danger. These responses are due to the actions of the system.

a.            somatic nervous

b.            sympathetic

c.             central nervous

d.            endocrine

 

73.          As you work outside in the yard, you work up a pretty good sweat. Your sweating is due in part to the functioning of your         system.

a.            somatic nervous

b.            autonomic nervous

c.             central nervous

d.            endocrine

 

74.          People who were at the scene of the Boston Marathon bombing probably experienced

a.            an activation of their sympathetic nervous systems.

b.            increased activity in the parietal lobes.

c.             temporary changes to their somatic nervous systems.

d.            permanent changes to their endocrine systems.

 

75.          Nasim is driving on a snow-covered road, and her car begins to slide. The quick behavioral response and the increased heart rate and respiration she experiences are most likely due to the

                nervous system. The feeling of relief and decrease in heart rate and respiration once she has the car under control again are most likely due to the nervous system.

a.            parasympathetic; sympathetic

 

b.            sympathetic; parasympathetic

c.             autonomic; somatic

d.            somatic; autonomic

 

 

76.          The communication system in your body by which hormones influence thoughts, behaviors, and actions is the         system.

a.            somatic nervous

b.            sympathetic

c.             parasympathetic

d.            endocrine

 

 

77.          Endocrine glands release

a.            neurotransmitters.

b.            receptors.

c.             hormones.

d.            glutamate.

 

 

78.          The ovaries, testes, and adrenal gland are all part of the                system.

a.            pituitary

b.            endocrine

c.             autonomic nervous

d.            somatic nervous

 

 

79.          Growth hormones have all of the following effects EXCEPT for increasing

a.            intelligence.

b.            bone strength.

c.             strength.

d.            muscle mass.

 

 

80.          What might happen to a person born with a dysfunction of the endocrine system?

a.            The person would have difficulty controlling motor movements.

b.            The person would experience problems with sexual development and sexual behavior.

c.             The person would have difficulty interpreting emotional expressions.

d.            The person would experience problems with emotional arousal.

 

 

81.          If an athlete were using illegal growth hormones to increase her muscle growth, she would be trying to make changes to her

a.            somatic nervous system.

b.            behavioral genetics.

 

c.             autonomic nervous system.

d.            endocrine system.

 

 

82.          Regarding the factors potentially influencing behavior, which of the following statements is true?

a.            Behavior overwhelmingly reflects genetics.

b.            Behavior mainly stems from environmental causes.

c.             Behavior is generated mainly by the endocrine system.

d.            Behavior reflects an interaction between genetics and the environment.

 

 

83.          At conception, your        is fixed.

a.            genotype

b.            phenotype

c.             genotype and phenotype

d.            none of the above

 

 

84.          An instructor looking at the faces of the students in her class is also looking at

a.            stereotypes.

b.            archetypes.

c.             genotypes.

d.            phenotypes.

 

85.          It is possible for your      to change during your lifetime.

a.            taxonomic rank

b.            archetypes

c.             genotypes

d.            phenotypes

 

 

86.          Which of the following would NOT be caused by your genotype?

a.            eye color

b.            sex

c.             Huntington’s disease

d.            music preference

 

 

87.          A genotype is    , whereas a phenotype is             .

a.            underlying; observed

b.            expressed; inherited

c.             genetic; environmental

d.            dominant; recessive

 

 

88.          Your little brother has blue eyes. His eye color is the result of

a.            his genotype.

b.            his phenotype.

c.             both his genotype and his environment.

d.            both his phenotype and his environment.

 

 

89.          Which of the following phenomena would NOT be part of a study in behavioral genetics?

a.            the effect of one environment on another environment

b.            the effect of genes on one’s environment

c.             the effect of environmental and genetic interactions on biological phenomena

d.            the effect of environmental and genetic interactions on psychological phenomena

 

 

90.          You know that your professor is a fan of behavioral genetics based on which of the following comments?

a.            “Your family determines your behavior.”

b.            “Much of your personality is determined by your genes.”

c.             “There is no evidence to suggest that your environment influences your school achievement.”

d.            “Both your genes and your environment make you who you are today.”

 

91.          Bill and his sister Ann are twins; however, they cannot be

a.            monozygotic twins.

b.            dizygotic twins.

c.             fraternal twins.

d.            told apart.

 

 

92.          Behavioral geneticists are primarily interested in

a.            natural selection and the evolution of genes.

b.            discovering how genes control behaviors.

c.             proving that genes have the strongest influence on behavior.

d.            studying the interaction between genes and environment.

 

 

93.          In considering the relative contributions of genes and environment, most scientists would agree that

a.            environment plays the most important role in shaping behavior.

b.            only genes shape behavior.

c.             environment has little effect on behavior.

d.            genes and environment interact to determine behavior.

 

94.          The advantage of studying monozygotic twins is that

a.            all of their behaviors are identical.

b.            they are treated the same in their environment.

 

c.             they are easy to locate and track for research.

d.            they are genetically identical.

 

95.          Which of the following is always true regarding dizygotic twins?

a.            They have different genotypes.

b.            They have different phenotypes.

c.             They have the same genotype.

d.            They have the same phenotype.

 

96.          The textbook discusses the famous Minnesota Twin Project. Which of the following would best describe a conclusion that could be drawn from this study?

a.            Twins are more likely to experience a shared environment than a nonshared environment.

b.            Monozygotic twins are more likely to experience a shared environment than are dizygotic twins.

c.             There are more similarities among biological relatives than among adoptive relatives.

d.            There are more similarities between monozygotic twins than between dizygotic twins.

 

 

97.          The idea that the brain is extremely malleable and is continuously changing as a result of injury, experiences, or substances is known as

a.            myelination.

b.            genetics.

c.             plasticity.

d.            phenotype.

 

 

98.          In general, siblings of different ages raised together have

a.            the same genes but different environments.

b.            the same environment but different genes.

c.             different genes and different environments.

d.            the same genes and the same environment.

 

99.          Which of the following is NOT a pathway through which the environment could affect your brain functioning?

a.            through plasticity

b.            by strengthening neural connections

c.             by brain reorganization

d.            by changing your genotype

 

 

100.        Why do monozygotic twins have different phenotypes?

a.            They have different genotypes.

b.            They have nonshared environments.

 

c.             They have the same environments but different genes.

d.            Because they are fraternal twins.