Homework answers / question archive / Southern Connecticut State University CHE 121 Chapter 6 Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years Question1)“Goodness of fit” implies that parents should deal with problems of temperament by   trying to change children’s temperament to match their own

Southern Connecticut State University CHE 121 Chapter 6 Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years Question1)“Goodness of fit” implies that parents should deal with problems of temperament by   trying to change children’s temperament to match their own

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Southern Connecticut State University

CHE 121

Chapter 6 Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Question1)“Goodness of fit” implies that parents should deal with problems of temperament by

 

trying to change children’s temperament to match their own.

letting children’s temperament create the family atmosphere and patterns. helping difficult children fit into the environment.

helping children make some adaptations but essentially accepting their child’s temperament.

 

QUESTION 2

A 9-month-old infant who cries when the mother leaves is showing

 

separation anxiety. stranger anxiety. anxious attachment. overdependence.

 

QUESTION 3

A baby’s first smile, which can occur in newborns less than a week old, is most likely due to

 

the sight of a human face. central nervous system activity.

successful bonding with the mother. gas.

 

A child’s failure to grow and development that is due to neglect is called

 

nonorganic failure to thrive. shaken baby syndome. emotional abuse. malnutrition.

 

QUESTION 5

A child, who is by himself, starts to get into his father’s toolbox, even though his father has told him not to. As he starts to reach into the toolbox, he begins to feel guilty and decides to leave the tools alone. This child has developed

 

situational compliance. negativism.

social referencing. conscience.

 

QUESTION 6

A person’s characteristic way of approaching and reacting to people and situations defines that person’s

 

personality. temperament. emotionality. behavior.

 

QUESTION 7

A relatively consistent blend of emotions, temperament, thoughts, and behaviors is a person’s

 

sociological status. biological traits. environment. personality.

 

QUESTION 8

A study of securely attached infants found that at preschool age they were

 

sociable. loners.

dependent on the teacher.

less curious than other children.

 

A very securely attached child generally grows up to be

 

dependent on parents. dependent on a mate. independent.

a controlling person.

 

QUESTION 10

According to Erikson, a child who develops a predominance of basic trust will have the virtue of

 

hope. caring. intimacy. love.

 

QUESTION 11

According to Erikson, if infant Ulonda’s mother is responsive and sensitive to her needs, Ulonda will develop the virtue of

 

hope. faith. will justice.

 

QUESTION 12

According to Erikson, the first psychosocial crisis we face is that of

 

autonomy versus shame and doubt. initiative versus guilt.

basic trust versus basic mistrust. generativity versus stagnation.

 

QUESTION 13

According to Erikson, what is the main development of toddlerhood?

 

Self-regulation Toilet training Autonomy Self-control

 

According to Erikson, which crisis occurs during toddlerhood?

 

Basic trust versus basic mistrust Initiative versus guilt

Identity versus role confusion Autonomy versus shame and doubt

 

QUESTION 15

According to Erikson, which virtue develops from successful resolution of the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

 

Hope Will Caring Love

 

QUESTION 16

According to research cited in your text, what is the best way to respond to an infant’s crying?

 

Ignore it, if possible, to avoid spoiling the baby.

Let the baby cry for a considerable time before responding. Respond regularly with tender, soothing care.

Respond immediately each time the infant cries.

 

QUESTION 17

According to the authors of your text, the development of basic trust versus basic mistrust occurs through the infant’s interactions with

 

strangers encountered during infancy. any important caregiver.

only the mother.

other infants of a similar age.

 

QUESTION 18

According to the mutual-regulation model regarding emotional states,

 

parental actions determine an infant’s emotional state until about 9 months of age. babies as young as 3 months regulate their own emotional state to some degree.

low-birth-weight babies require extra stimulation for proper emotional development. emotional states of the mother do not affect those of the infant.

 

According to the mutual-regulation model, infants whose mothers are depressed are likely to become sad because

 

they see that their mothers are sad. their mothers do not feed them enough. they have inherited a sad temperament. they feel powerless to elicit a response.

 

QUESTION 20

According to the text, some laughter in babies may actually be due to feelings of

 

sadness. fear. anger. disgust.

 

QUESTION 21

According to the text, which form of attachment between a caregiver and baby seems to be the LEAST secure?

 

Disorganized-disoriented Passive-aggressive Avoidant

Ambivalent

 

QUESTION 22

According to your text, overall the effects of maternal employment on children’s cognitive ability are

 

positive. negative. neutral.

None of these

 

QUESTION 23

Across cultures, the type and level of involvement that fathers engage in with their infants

 

differs.

is quite similar.

is identical to the style of play that mothers exhibit. is more verbal in nature than play with mothers.

 

During Erikson’s crisis of basic trust versus mistrust, a child

 

determines whether or not he or she can rely upon the world. strives for independence.

objects to the mother leaving the room. is often filled with doubt.

 

QUESTION 25

Failure to meet a child’s basic needs is

 

neglect. physical abuse.

emotional maltreatment. sexual abuse.