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Southern Connecticut State University CHE 121 Chapter 5 Cognitive Development During the First Three Years QUESTION 1) A baby stops sucking to listen to a tone

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Southern Connecticut State University

CHE 121

Chapter 5 Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

QUESTION 1)

A baby stops sucking to listen to a tone. Later, after the tone has been repeated frequently, the infant ignores it. This is an example of

 

operant conditioning. classical conditioning. habituation. dishabituation.

 

QUESTION 2

A baby who says “da-da-da-da” is

 

babbling.

using telegraphic speech. using a holophrase.

using a language acquisition device.

 

QUESTION 3

A baby, who has been given 100 presentations of a high-pitched tone, no longer reacts to the sound by stopping the sucking response. When a low-pitched tone is presented, the baby does stop sucking. This cessation of sucking caused by the new tone is called

 

dishabituation. disinhibition. habituation.

a conditioned response.

 

A child hits a drum with different kinds of objects in order to make different sounds. According to Piaget, this child is exhibiting

 

a variability scheme. classical conditioning.

a tertiary circular reaction. object permanence.

 

QUESTION 5

A child is asked to reach into a box while blindfolded and hold a small rubber duck. Later, the child is shown several pictures of different toys, including the duck, and asked to choose the one that was handled earlier. If the duck picture is chosen, this would suggest that the child is capable of

 

polymodal attention. habituation.

cross-model transference. novelty avoidance.

 

QUESTION 6

A child who calls a dog a “bow-wow” and also calls a cat a “bow-wow” is

 

overextending. overregularizing. underextending. using syntax.

 

QUESTION 7

A child’s first word appears at about what age?

 

4 to 6 months

7 to 9 months 10 to 14 months 16 to 18 months

 

QUESTION 8

A communication system based on words and grammar is called

 

syntax. linguistics. language.

social referencing.

 

A systematic process of providing therapeutic and educational services to families that need help in meeting young children’s developmental needs is called

 

natural child-rearing. infant support.

early intervention. developmental priming.

 

QUESTION 10

According to Noam Chomsky, a language acquisition device is

 

a perceptual mechanism that allows reinforcement to strengthen commonly used words in a language

a mechanism that enables the brain to infer linguistic rules from the language it hears. an inborn mechanism that helps children to understand the meanings of words. something that helps a child learn to read.

 

QUESTION 11

According to Piaget, infants who repeat actions in order to get results beyond the infant’s own body are engaging in

 

primary circular reactions. secondary circular reactions. deferred imitation. sensorimotor conditioning.

 

QUESTION 12

According to Piaget, pictorial competence is an aspect of

 

symbolic development. intuitive thought. concrete operations. formal operations.

 

QUESTION 13

According to research cited in the text, children become capable of deferred imitation

 

at an older age than Piaget suggested.

at a much younger age than Piaget suggested. at the age Piaget suggested.

minutes after birth.

 

According to research cited in the text, when do babies become able to distinguish different speech sounds, such as their mother speaking two languages?

 

Before birth

3 weeks after birth 6 weeks after birth 12 weeks after birth

 

QUESTION 15

According to research, infants can imitate behaviors they see as early as

 

12 hours after birth. three days after birth. a week after birth.

a month after birth

 

QUESTION 16

According to research, what seems to be a key ingredient in understanding causality for infants?

 

Highly intellectual parents Self-locomotion

Presence of older siblings A nurturing environment

 

QUESTION 17

According to some research, a newborn who smiles at a smiling adult is engaging in

 

invisible imitation. visible imitation. deferred imitation. circular reaction.

 

QUESTION 18

According to some theorists, infants look longer at an “impossible” event during the violation- of-expectations experiment because they can see a difference between the two scenes. These theorists support a(n) awareness explanation for infants’ reactions.

 

perceptual conceptual intellectual reciprocal

 

According to which of the following theories do humans have an innate capacity to acquire language?

 

Behaviorism

Operant conditioning Nativism

Learning theory

 

QUESTION 20

According to which of the following theories is language acquired by imitation and reinforcement of specific sounds?

 

Piagetian theory Psychometric theory Nativism theory Learning theory

 

QUESTION 21

According to your text, what is the most effective use of developmental tests such as the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development?

 

To identify gifted children before they enter school

To provide kindergartens with additional academic information

To identify potential neurological deficits or emotional disturbances To better predict which children will become popular or unpopular

 

QUESTION 22

According to your text, which infant is likely to understand that a ball must be thrown to move?

 

Infant Dolly, who can roll over

Infant Sammie, who can hold his head up Infant Darlene, who can crawl

Infant Celeste, who smiles when her mom walks in

 

QUESTION 23

After everyone orders dinner, Beth proudly announces that the check with tax should be around

$60. Beth was using her

 

working memory.

extra-sensory perception. long-term memory. autobiographical memory.

 

An example of telegraphic speech is

 

“Cookie.” “Want cookie.”

“I want a cookie.”

“I want a chocolate chip cookie.”

 

QUESTION 25

An important function of habituation seems to be

 

to increase attention to repetitive stimuli. the conservation of energy.

to prevent important stimuli from overstimulating a baby. to increase the rate of sucking responses.