Homework answers / question archive / Southern Connecticut State University CHE 121 Chapter 2 Theory and Research Question 1) A major distinction between Piaget’s developmental theory and the information-processing approach is that   Piaget sees development as continuous, whereas the information-processing approach views development as occurring in distinct stages

Southern Connecticut State University CHE 121 Chapter 2 Theory and Research Question 1) A major distinction between Piaget’s developmental theory and the information-processing approach is that   Piaget sees development as continuous, whereas the information-processing approach views development as occurring in distinct stages

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Southern Connecticut State University

CHE 121

Chapter 2 Theory and Research

Question 1)

A major distinction between Piaget’s developmental theory and the information-processing approach is that

 

Piaget sees development as continuous, whereas the information-processing approach views development as occurring in distinct stages.

Piaget sees development as an active process, whereas the information-processing view sees the organism as passive.

Piaget focused on perception, whereas the information-processing approach focuses on thinking and memory.

Piaget sees development as occurring in stages, whereas the information-processing approach sees development as continuous.

 

QUESTION 2

A researcher studies the relationship between family income and achievement motivation. A correlation of +1.20 is found. From this, the researcher can conclude that

 

other variables must be negatively correlated with family income. high income causes high achievement motivation.

increases in income predict higher achievement motivation. an error was made in calculating the correlation.

 

QUESTION 3

A researcher who studies twins accidentally separated at birth and reared in different environments is using a

 

laboratory experiment. field experiment. natural experiment. correlation experiment.

 

QUESTION 4

A researcher who wants to find out if a statistical relationship exists between variables should use a(n)

 

questionnaire. correlation. experiment. case study.

 

A therapeutic approach aimed at giving patients insight into their unconscious conflicts is called

 

repression analysis. psychoanalysis. psychosexual analysis. Psycho-consciousness.

 

QUESTION 6

According to Bronfenbrenner, a country’s policy on maternal leave occurs at which level of environmental influence?

 

Microsystem Macrosystem Exosystem Mesosystem

 

QUESTION 7

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, a teenage girl would be facing the crisis of

 

intimacy versus isolation. integrity versus despair. industry versus inferiority.

identity versus identity confusion.

 

QUESTION 8

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the first stage of development, which occurs during infancy, is

 

trust versus mistrust.

autonomy versus shame and doubt. initiative versus guilt.

industry versus inferiority.

 

QUESTION 9

According to Erikson, the resolution of the crisis at each stage of psychosocial development must include a                between positive and negative traits.

 

balance

skewing toward the positive skewing toward the negative synthesis

 

According to Freud, during early childhood boys develop sexual attachment to their mothers.

Freud called this development

 

the Electra complex.

the unconscious complex. the Oedipus complex. regressing.

 

QUESTION 11

According to Freud, the part of the personality that operates on the “pleasure principle,” seeking the immediate gratification of desires, is the

 

Id. ego.

superego. ego ideal.

 

QUESTION 12

According to Freud, the part of the personality that operates on the “reality principle,” realistically finding ways to obtain gratification, is the

 

id. ego.

superego. conscience.

 

QUESTION 13

According to Jean Piaget, what is the primary goal or need that leads children to change their ways of thinking to adapt to new experiences?

 

Satisfaction of id impulses Equilibrium

Stable sense of identity Approval from parents

 

QUESTION 14

According to Piaget, children strive for understanding when they are in a state of

 

equilibration. disequilibrium. assimilation. accommodation. 1 points

 

According to psychosexual theory, 4-year-old Austin would be in which stage?

 

Oral Anal Phallic Latency

 

QUESTION 16

According to social learning theory, the most important element in how children learn a language, deal with aggression, develop a sense of morality, and learn gender-appropriate behavior is

 

classical conditioning. observation and imitation.

punishment of inappropriate behavior. shaping of appropriate behavior.

 

QUESTION 17

According to the               perspective, people’s actions are reactions to aspects of their environment that they find pleasing, painful, or threatening.

 

organismic behaviorism psychoanalytic humanistic

 

QUESTION 18

According to the               perspective, development can be understood only when individual behavior is observed in interaction with the environment.

 

environmental contextual interactive behavioral

 

QUESTION 19

Although parts of his theory have been heavily criticized, Freud’s contribution to the field of human growth included all of the following EXCEPT

 

the importance of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motivations. the role of childhood experiences.

the ambivalence of emotional responses.

the importance of developing formal operational thought.

 

An example of Erikson’s stage of initiative versus guilt would be an infant learning that she can depend on being fed.

 

a 3-year-old trying to fill a cup with water and cheerfully wiping up the water when it spills. a 10-year-old learning to read fluently.

a 4-year-old asking his mother for a cookie.

 

QUESTION 21

An in-depth case study of a culture or subculture is an   study.

 

enculturation ethnographic acculturation ethnic

 

QUESTION 22

An in-depth study of an individual is a(n) naturalistic observation.

 

case study. interview. experiment.

 

QUESTION 23

Any consequence of a behavior that INCREASES the likelihood of that behavior being repeated is called

 

punishment. reinforcement.

an aversive event. classical conditioning.

 

QUESTION 24

Based on the connections between Erikson’s stages, an infant who resolves the crisis of basic trust versus basic mistrust is most likely to become

 

an independent 2-year-old. a shy, reclusive 2-year-old.

emotionally stuck in the infant stage. a child who develops stranger anxiety.

 

Behaviorists maintain that human behavior is determined by

 

defense mechanisms. self-actualization. unconscious conflicts. conditioning.