California State University, Long Beach

ENGLISH 101

Chapter 15 State Development in Europe

1)Which of the following was NOT a significant factor in causing the Hundred Years? War? A) religious hatreds

B) territorial ambitions C) a dispute over the crown of France D) economic rivalries

E) desire for a centralized France under a monarchy in Paris

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2. The weapon that the British used successfully against the French in the Hundred Years? War was the
   1. cross bow B) gunpowder

C) long bow D) lance

E) musket

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3. Which of the following is NOT consistent with Joan of Arc? A) inspired by divine voices

B) the birth of French nationalism C) the revival of the French military effort D) hanged for bewitching the British soldiers

E) a spirit of invincibility

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4. The besieged city rescued by Joan of Arc in 1429 was A) Orle ?ans.              B) Reims.        C) Arc. D) Calais. E) Paris.

 

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5. Which of the following was NOT a result of the Hundred Years? War for France? A) national consciousness

B) a stronger Estates-General C) consolidation of royal power D) reduction of the noble families? power

E) subject-sovereign relationship to replace feudal ties

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6. The advent of the Tudor kings of England resulted in A) national unity.

B) the end of the War of Roses. C) the popular reign of Henry VII. D) security.

E) all of the above.

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7. The rulers of Spain who finally completed the unification of that country were A) Ferdinand and Isabella.

B) Charles and Isabelle. C) Don Quixote and Queen Elizabeth. D) Philip II and Bloody Mary.

E) Philip IV and Queen Mary.

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8. Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Spanish Inquisition? A) confiscated property of the Jews and Muslims

B) enhanced power of the Spanish crown C) conquest of Poland D) exile of Spanish Jews

E) neglect of the Cortes

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9. Reconquista refers to A) the unification of Germany.

B) the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. C) the removal of the Muslims from Spain. D) the removal of the Magyars from Germany.

E) the crowning of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.

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10. The Reconquista of 1492 accomplished A) the dominance of the middle class. B) the exploration of the New World.

C) the defeat of the last Moorish state on the Iberian Peninsula. D) the re-emergence of the Cortes.

E) a weakened Spanish monarchy.

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11. The first European nation to establish a global trading empire was A) France.

B) Spain. C) Portugal. D) Britain.

E) Holland.

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12. Central Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries was a region of conflict for all the following reasons EXCEPT
    1. ethnicity. B) economics.

C) politics. D) religion.

E) national loyalties.

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13. The Hanseatic League involved A) southern Europe.

B) northern Europe. C) France and Germany. D) the Iberian peninsula.

E) the Holy Roman Empire.

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14. The Golden Bull of 1356 A) divided Portugal from Spain.

B) created the Holy Roman Empire. C) suppressed heresy in Italy. D) established a ?constitution? for Germany.

E) added Austrian lands to northeastern France.

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15. The Habsburgs were the royal family of A) Italy.

B) Russia. C) Germany. D) Austria.

E) Poland.  57 180

16. The Habsburgs extended their political power using A) marriage.

B) war. C) political alliances. D) terror.

E) blackmail.

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17. The Saint Gothard Pass was significant because A) it controlled the military route between Vienna and Rome.

B) it was the only pass in the Alps. C) it allowed commercial exchange between Spain and France. D) it controlled the overland trade route between northern Europe and Italy.

E) it allowed the French military access to Austria.

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18. Which of the following is NOT an accurate assessment of the years between 1300 and 1500 in Italy?
    1. Mercenary armies were hired by conflicting cities. B) France helped stabilize Italy.

C) Sicily and the Papal States lost economic dominance. D) The Treaty of Lodi indicated the possibility of unity.

E) City-states had their own political and diplomatic structures.

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19. All of the following peoples made up northeastern Europe EXCEPT A) Czechs.

B) Poles. C) Austrians. D) Hungarians.

E) Lithuanians.

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20. Poland weakened after Casimir the Great because A) its military was defeated.

B) it remained pagan. C) it lacked material resources. D) it was a land-locked nation.

E) the nobility regained political strength.

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21. Which of the following is an accurate description of the Czech people? A) The Czechs had no commercial ties with Germany.

B) Most of the indigenous Czechs lived as serfs. C) The Czechs lived an urban lifestyle. D) The Czechs suffered greatly from the Black Death.

E) They failed to defend themselves during the 14th and 15th centuries.

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22. The                  did NOT threaten the stability and prosperity of Hungarians, Poles, and Czechs. A) Russians

B) Ottoman Empire C) Swedes D) British

E) Austrians

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23. The last pagan country of Europe was A) Bulgaria.

B) Lithuania. C) Romania. D) Finland.

E) Poland.

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24. Why did the Catholic Church send four crusades against Prague? A) Lutheranism

B) Liberum Veto C) the Hussite Church D) an attempt by Casimir the Great to separate from the papacy

E) none of the above

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25. After the kingship of Mathias Corvinus, Hungary was defeated by   and divided. A) the Ottoman Empire

B) Russia C) Serbia D) Austria

E) Poland  60 182

26. The growth of the stronger national monarchies A) spread antireligious feelings.

B) made no difference to the Church?s position in society. C) undermined the power of the papacy. D) sustained the power of the papacy.

E) increased the power of the Catholic Church.

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27. What was the importance of the Peace of Augsburg? A) It allowed the imperial princes of northern and central Europe to choose either

Lutheranism or Catholicism. B) It established the supremacy of the papacy.

C) It created a unified central Europe. D) It ended the sporadic warfare between England and France.

E) all of the above.

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28. Charles V divided his empire between A) Philip II and Ferdinand II. B) Philip II and Ferdinand I. C) Henry II and Ferdinand I. D) Philip II and Mary Tudor.

E) none of the above.

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29. The English monarch married to the Spanish king in the 1550s was A) Mary Stuart.

B) Elizabeth I. C) Mary Tudor. D) Elizabeth II.

E) Ann of Cleves.

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30. Which of the following was NOT an achievement of Philip II? A) He married Elizabeth I of Britain.

B) He was able to shed the ?German Problem.? C) He married Queen Mary of Britain. D) He declared bankruptcy of Spain.

E) Business and trade were so heavily regulated that revenues were limited.

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31. All of the following circumstances caused Philip II economic problems EXCEPT A) the reliance on specie from the Americas.

B) the underproduction of food. C) the presence of large unskilled Arab and Jewish populations. D) tax- exempted nobilities.

E) weak financial and industrial infrastructures.

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32. The group that reacted most aggressively to Philip?s policies of Catholic uniformity was the A) Calvinists.

B) Lutherans. C) businessmen. D) peasants.

E) Muslims.

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33. The Duke of Alva did all of the following to increase Spanish control over the Netherlands EXCEPT
    1. centralize church administration. B) confer with the nobility.

C) impose a sales tax. D) set up a special tribunal.

E) force 100,000 people to flee.

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34. The great national hero of the Netherlands and leader of the revolt against Spanish rule was A) the Count of Hornes.

B) the Count of Egmont. C) the Duke of Anjou. D) William of Orange.

E) the Duke of Normandy.

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35. Which of the following was responsible for some of the most terrible atrocities to be inflicted on the Dutch?
    1. Spain        B) England    C) France      D) Austria     E) Sweden

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36. The Habsburg-French conflict of the early 16th century was ended in 1559 by the A) Peace of Westphalia.

B) Treaty of Cateau-Cambre ?sis. C) Peace of Augsburg. D) Pacification of Ghent.

E) Council of Trent.

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37. Which of the following statements about Calvinist strength in France is NOT true? A) Calvinism attracted many urban merchants.

B) By the 1590s, the king had stamped out Calvinism. C) By the 1560s, there were about 1 million Huguenots.

4. Many rural nobles supported Calvinism.
5. They were well organized with competent military leaders.

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38. The ?St. Bartholomew?s Eve Massacre? refers to the A) attacks on Dutch Catholics.

B) killing of French Huguenots. C) assaults on English Calvinists. D) crushing of Bohemian Protestants.

E) murder of the Bourbon royal family.

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39. In her dealings with Philip II of Spain, Elizabeth of England?s first policy was A) confrontation.

B) belligerence. C) evasion. D) alliance.

E) marriage.

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40. The                  believed the theology and worship services of the Church of England to be NOT in accord with Holy Scripture.
    1. Lollards B) Puritans

C) Huguenots D) Bourbons

E) none of the above

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41. A particular strength of Queen Elizabeth I was her A) ability to set aside her personal beliefs for the interests of the nation.

B) marriage to the King of Spain. C) political alliances throughout Europe. D) loyalty to the Church of England.

E) strong family ties.

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42. By the end of Queen Elizabeth?s reign, England A) was the most prosperous state in Europe.

B) was heavily in debt. C) was no longer the financial center of Europe. D) was threatened by a Catholic plot led by Mary Stuart.

E) was weakened by rebellion.

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43. The most potent military force in the Mediterranean world in the first half of the 16th century was
    1. Turkey.    B) Venice.    C) Italy.          D) Spain.       E) Naples.

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44. In 1571, Philip II defeated the Turks decisively at A) Lepanto.

B) Malta. C) Vienna. D) Tripoli.

E) Gibraltar.

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45. One of the challenges existing for Queen Elizabeth I that still eludes solution is A) Spain.

B) Holland. C) Ireland. D) Scotland.

E) Wales.

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46. Which of the following factors was NOT responsible for the failure of the Spanish Armada? A) smaller and more maneuverable English ships

B) opening of the French harbors to England?s navy C) closing of the Dutch ports to Spain?s ships D) the effects of the ?Protestant Wind?

E) the privateers Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins

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47. The diplomatic history of the 16th century deals largely with European coalitions against A) Henry VIII and the Tudors.

B) the Turks. C) Francis I and the Valois. D) Charles V and Philip II and the Habsburgs.

E) The Holy Roman Empire and Russia.

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48. In the 1590s, France came to be ruled by the A) Stuart dynasty.

B) Valois dynasty. C) Bourbon dynasty. D) Habsburg dynasty.

E) Guise dynasty.

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49. Which of the following was NOT a problem faced by Philip II at the end of his reign? A) bankruptcy

B) Dutch independence C) lack of a male heir D) disagreements with the Roman Catholic Pope

E) naval defeats by England

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50. The ruler whose ambitions and policies brought about the Thirty Years? War was A) Louis XIII.

B) Henry IV. C) Ferdinand II. D) Philip II.

E) Frances I.

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51. A major power NOT involved in the Thirty Years? War was A) the German states.

B) France. C) England. D) Austria.

E) Sweden.  67 187

52. Which of the following statements BEST describes the Thirty Years? War? A) It began as a religious struggle but ended as a political struggle.

B) It eliminated Protestantism in Central Europe. C) It led to the formation of the Protestant League. D) It ended with the defenestration of Prague.

E) It eliminated Catholicism in Eastern Europe.

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53. Albert von Wallenstein was the A) chief minister of Holland.

B) major Protestant commander in the Thirty Years? War. C) leading Catholic general in the Thirty Years? War.

4. ousted king of Bohemia.
5. Austrian heir to the throne.

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54. The hero of the Battle of Lu ?tzen in 1632 was A) William of Orange.

B) Henry of Navarre. C) Cardinal Richelieu. D) Gustavus Adolphus.

E) Louis XIII.

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55. Gustavus Adolphus received subsidies for his invasion of Germany from A) Spain. B) Bavaria.           C) England.       D) France.    E) Russia.

 

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56. Europe?s general settlement after the Thirty Years? War is known as the A) Pacification of Ghent.

B) Peace of the Pyrenees. C) Union of Utrecht. D) Peace of Westphalia.

E) Treaty of Versailles.

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57. The treaty that concluded the Thirty Years? War was a victory for all of the following EXCEPT A) Habsburg imperial ambitions.

B) French foreign policy. C) the German princes. D) Protestants.

E) Sweden and Switzerland.

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58. All of the following are consistent with settlement of the Thirty Years? War EXCEPT A) the confirmation of German religious autonomy.

B) a weakened France. C) an end to the hope of a reunited Christendom. D) the institution of the principle of equality of all sovereign states.

E) a spirit of religious toleration.

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59. By the end of Mongol rule,          had become the religious and political center of Russia. A) Kiev

B) Odessa C) St. Petersburg D) Novgorod

E) Moscow

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60. The first Russian ruler to use the title of ?tsar? was A) Alexander Nevsky.

B) Ivan III, the Great. C) Boris Godunov. D) Ivan IV, the Terrible.

E) Peter the Great.

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61. The Kremlin was A) the tsar?s winter palace in St. Petersburg.

B) a former Muslim mosque in Kiev. C) an Orthodox Church in Moscow. D) a fortress in Moscow that became the seat of government.

E) the summer palace of the tsars.

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62. What was the significance of Moscow being declared the Third Rome? A) Russia inherited the trade that was once controlled by the Italian city-states.

B) Moscow became the religious center of Christianity. C) Russia regarded itself, not the West, as the possessor of the true faith. D) Russia expelled all Jews and Muslims.

E) Russia received the allegiance of the Eastern European Catholics.

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63. Ivan IV (the Terrible) experienced resistance from the A) nobles.

B) Turks. C) Orthodox Church. D) peasants.

E) military.

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64. Successes of Ivan IV in Russia included all of the following EXCEPT A) an annexed Kazan and Astrakhan.

B) an annexed Poland. C) a new law code. D) the Zemski Sobor.

E) a weakened nobility.

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65. The family chosen by the Zemski Sobor to rule Russia was the A) Habsburg.

B) Romanov. C) Adolphus. D) Rurik.

E) Hohenstaufen.

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66. Russia stagnated for all the following reasons EXCEPT A) serfdom.

B) a primitive agricultural economy. C) ignorance. D) technological backwardness.

E) Polish annexation of vast Russian territories.

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67. The Ottoman Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire because A) their infantry and cavalry were superior.

B) they eliminated all competing religions. C) their administration was inflexible. D) they had a superior navy.

E) all of the above.

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68. The Balkans failed to unite due to A) ethnic differences.

B) class conflict. C) religious fighting. D) national differences.

E) all of the above.

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69. The                  were the major threat to the Balkans in the 14th century. A) Austrians

B) Russians C) Ottomans D) Greeks

E) French

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