California State University, Long Beach

ENGLISH 101

Chapter 10 Culture, Power, and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220-1350

1)The major contributions of the Guptas were all of the following EXCEPT A) a great revival of traditional

religion.

B) the spreading of Hindu culture throughout Southeast Asia. C) Indian unity. D) the creation of Hinduism.

E) Sanskrit literature.

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1. 2. The power of the Guptas was based on A) a lack of enemies.

B) huge Hindu armies. C) abolition of taxes. D) prosperity and an absence of war.

E) an imperial secret police and strong local authorities.

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1. 3. Traditional Indian literature was written in A) Hindi.

B) Chinese. C) Sanskrit. D) Persian.

E) none of the above.

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1. 4. India?s prosperity during the Gupta Empire resulted from all of the following EXCEPT A) artisan guilds.

B) trade with Southeast Asia. C) the discovery of gold in the Bengal Province. D) trade with Rome.

E) increased agricultural productivity.

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1. 5. Which religion dominated the subcontinent of India? A) Hinduism

B) Buddhism C) Jainism D) Coptic

E) Islam  3 117

1. 6. What was the importance of the Bhagavad-Gita? A) It provided for a uniform code of laws.

B) It assured that salvation was accessible to all. C) It is a classic work of literature with the theme of separated lovers. D) It is the most famous work of Aryabhatta, the Indian mathematician.

E) It cemented the belief that only the higher castes were assured of salvation.

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1. 7. Most of the knowledge of Gupta India was provided by A) Murasaki Shikibu.

B) Faxian. C) bhakti rituals. D) detailed historical accounts.

E) religious texts.

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1. 8. Art during the Gupta period A) was practiced only by monks.

B) included religious topics. C) languished. D) had been destroyed.

E) emphasized nationalistic themes.

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1. 9. Of the following mathematical ideas, Indian scholarship developed A) engineering equations.

B) the concept of zero. C) no new knowledge. D) geometry.

E) square roots.

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1. 10. Achievements in medicine during the Gupta Empire included A) knowledge of nutrition.

B) sterilization of wounds. C) antibiotics. D) professional education for doctors.

E) all of the above.

 

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1. 11. The major reason for the fall of the Gupta Empire was A) internal rebellions.

B) overpopulation. C) a Huna invasion. D) corruption.

E) flooding.

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1. 12. During the 7th century, the unity of northern India was restored by Harsha, a strong Hindu leader, who accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
       1. Hinduism and Buddhism became dominant. B) restoration of order.

C) diplomatic missions with China. D) conquest of the Deccan.

E) partial revival of learning.

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1. 13. When regional kingdoms prevailed after the rule of Harsha ended in 647 C.E., what resulted? A) Literary achievements declined.

B) Civil war and anarchy occurred. C) The Hindu philosopher Shankara assumed leadership. D) The Indianization of Southeast Asia and China from the fifth to the eighth centuries.

E) none of the above.

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1. 14. In 1000 C.E., Mahmud of Ghazni A) led Muslim armies into India.

B) devastated northern India. C) destroyed Shiva?s temple in Gujarat and murdered its defenders. D) engendered bitter emotions among Hindus toward Muslims to the present.

E) all of the above.

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1. 15. The major force behind the Delhi Sultanate, which unified India in the 13th and 14th centuries, was
       1. Islam. B) the Gupta Dynasty.

C) the Mauryan Dynasty. D) a desire to unify all of southern and southeastern Asia.

E) the Chinese.  7 119

1. 16. Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Delhi Sultanate? A) The Delhi Sultans were proponents of philosophy.

B) The Delhi Sultans were patrons of the arts. C) It was unable to conquer the Southern region of India. D) It completed the construction of splendid buildings.

E) The Sultanate was able to ward off the Mongol invaders.

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1. 17. How was Delhi destroyed in 1398? A) invasion of the Huns

B) fire C) religious war between the Hindus and Muslims D) army of Timur (Tamerlane)

E) earthquake and fire

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1. 18. Urdu, one of the major spoken languages of India today, reveals A) India?s ability to synthesize and incorporate many languages and cultures.

B) the effect of geographic isolation on Indian history. C) the cultural pressure of China on India. D) the refusal of Indians to accept foreign imposed languages.

E) the continuing influence of Hinduism in India.

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1. 19. Muslim rulers of India A) allowed freedom of worship.

B) built a Buddhist university. C) erased Buddhism from India. D) caused Buddhism to grow.

E) encouraged the Buddhist monks to continue their lifestyles.

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1. 20. A synthesis of Hinduism and Islam can be found in A) Turco-Mongol languages.

B) India?s literature. C) the Abbasid rulers. D) the Hindu-Vijayangar.

E) Sikhism.  8 120

1. 21. Resistance among Hindu leaders in India against Islam A) ended when the Muslim conquerors assimilated the Hindu culture.

B) eventually cast Islam out of India. C) is only a modern-day dilemma. D) continued during the era of Muslim rule.

E) ended with the expulsion of Hinduism.

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1. 22. A continuous feature of China between the 6th and 13th centuries was A) a single religious heritage.

B) foreign invasion. C) anarchy. D) political and cultural continuity.

E) peace and stability.

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1. 23. All of the following were responsible for China?s stability from the 6th to the 13th centuries EXCEPT a(n)
       1. strong leadership based on hereditary nobles and scholar bureaucrats sharing power. B) strong Confucian tradition.

C) common written language. D) strong family structure.

E) absence of foreign invasion.

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1. 24. The Sri-vijayan Empire A) was short lived.

B) left an amazing array of historical documents. C) derived its wealth from gold. D) was located in Sri Lanka.

E) none of the above.

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1. 25. The period of the Sixteen Kingdoms from 304 to 439 C.E. was significant because A) it extended the Chinese civilization southward.

B) it was free of war. C) it was a period of many barbaric invasions. D) it ended disunity.

E) it established a firm order of royal succession.

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1. 26. The Northern Wei dynasty A) resisted adopting Chinese culture.

B) unified China. C) introduced the equal-field system. D) were ineffective administrators.

E) destroyed the capital at Luoyang.

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1. 27. Buddhism became popular in China for all the following reasons EXCEPT A) its transcendence of class and gender.

B) the absence of monasteries. C) the bodhisattvas who postponed their release from the cycle of birth and rebirth in order

to save others. D) its promise of salvation for all.

E) the idea of salvation through faith.

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1. 28. Accomplishments of the Sui emperors included all of the following EXCEPT A) fair and consistent rule.

B) revival of the civil service system. C) an imperial military force. D) reconquest of China.

E) the construction of the Grand Canal.

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1. 29. The major reform of the Tang rulers was the A) modernization of the Chinese alphabet.

B) creation of a highly centralized government supported by a complex bureaucracy. C) imposition of Confucian ideals. D) development of a rice-dominated agricultural system.

E) all of the above.

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1. 30. The Tang legal code of 653 C.E. A) used the principles of Confucianism to govern the state.

B) defined the nature of the Chinese state according to the Confucian Classics. C) re-emphasized the examination system. D) excluded women from the examination system.

E) all of the above.

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1. 31. All of the following apply to the rule of the Empress Wu EXCEPT A) she firmly established the Tang dynasty.

B) she eliminated her opposition. C) she strengthened the aristocracy. D) she was considered a usurper.

E) Korea became a vassal state.

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1. 32. The Tang nationalized land register was designed to A) bring all land under government ownership.

B) open up new territories. C) defend China against barbarian invaders. D) take land from the peasants.

E) check the growth of large estates and guarantee land to peasants.

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1. 33. Prosperity under the Tang dynasty was largely due to A) government intervention in the Chinese economy.

B) individual prosperity. C) the absence of famine. D) the discovery of large quantities of precious minerals.

E) the closing of the silk route.

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1. 34. A major feature of Tang society was A) openness and responsiveness to foreign stimuli.

B) limited government control over Chinese life. C) severe punishments. D) the rejection of Chinese culture by other Asian peoples.

E) the rejection of all things foreign.

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1. 35. Women during the Tang dynasty A) were depicted in Xu Yueying?s poetry as fighting against convention.

B) were limited by legal codes punishing wifely disobedience. C) were active in the arts. D) held a subordinate position in society.

E) all of the above.

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1. 36. The most important contribution of Tang scholarship was A) mathematics.

B) the study of language. C) the development of critical writing. D) the study of medicine.

E) the study of history as a guide to future actions.

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1. 37. Painting during the Tang dynasty emphasized A) religion.

B) nature. C) the rulers. D) portraits.

E) all of the above.

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1. 38. Tang rule brought all of the following improvements to China EXCEPT A) increased foreign trade.

B) development of a good communication system with roads and canals. C) an improved legal status for women.

4. flourishing of the arts.

5. flowering of technology as well as arts and scholarship.

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1. 39. The Tang dynasty fell due to A) control of the financial system by vested interests.

B) deterioration of the state education system. C) persecution of Buddhists. D) raiding by bandits.

E) all of the above.

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1. 40. A major feature of Song China was A) a small military.

B) famine and economic decline. C) the use of scholar-officials to strengthen the central power of the state. D) terror.

E) ineffective government and local anarchy.

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1. 41. What did the Song dynasty do to placate its neighbors? A) paid annual tributes

B) stationed the military on a permanent basis at the borders C) sent the army on numerous raids D) kidnapped members of aristocratic families as hostages

E) all of the above

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1. 42. One of the major results of the economic prosperity and technological innovations of the Song dynasty was
       1. the initiation of destructive wars of imperial conquest. B) a population explosion.

C) foreign invasion. D) nationwide literacy.

E) none of the above.

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1. 43. All of the following were economic or technological contributions of the Song dynasty EXCEPT
       1. the stern-post rudder. B) the steam-powered seagoing ship.

C) the printing press. D) the compass.

E) a doubling of rice production.

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1. 44. The resurgence of Confucian ideals reinforced all of the following for Chinese women EXCEPT A) women?s public role was severely limited.

B) women were to be weak and attractive. C) female infanticide. D) widows were encouraged to remarry.

E) foot binding.

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1. 45. Neo-Confucianism included A) reincarnation.

B) the adherence to a strict code of conduct. C) nature worship. D) the denial of a pattern in all things.

E) the existence of a Supreme Ultimate.

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1. 46. The major reason for the success of the Mongols was their A) mobility.

B) religious fervor. C) huge numbers. D) technological advances.

E) administrative skills.

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1. 47. The man who began the Mongol successes was A) Chengdu.

B) Temujin (Chinggis). C) Fujiwara. D) Uighurs.

E) Tangut.

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1. 48. Chinggis Khan (Temujin) conquered all the following EXCEPT A) Turkestan.

B) Afghanistan. C) Japan. D) Russia.

E) the Chin capital of northern China.

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1. 49. A major feature of Mongol conquest was A) terror.

B) the spreading of Chinese philosophy. C) a large infantry. D) the spreading of the Turkish language.

E) benevolence.

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1. 50. All of the following illustrate contributions of the Mongols EXCEPT A) dramatic population decreases.

B) provision of a postal service. C) the spread of a new written language that unified Asia during their reign. D) promotion of religious toleration.

E) fostering of diplomatic activity.

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1. 51. Khubilai moved his seat of government to A) Beijing.

B) Macao. C) Shanghai. D) Nanjing (Nanking).

E) Chongqing.

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1. 52. The Mongols established a new Chinese dynasty known as A) Ch?in. B) Chou.              C) Han.               D) Jurchen.       E) Yuan.

 

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1. 53. Most of our knowledge about Khubilai Khan and China under the Mongols has come from A) the Ebstorf Mappamundi.

B) written histories by Mongol scholars. C) Khubilai?s court records. D) Buddhist holy texts.

E) Marco Polo.

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1. 54. The Yuan dynasty was responsible for A) religious persecution.

B) extensive trade and travel across Eurasia. C) the opening up of Indian contacts with the rest of Asia. D) closing the sea trade routes between China and Europe.

E) a peace agreement between nomadic barbarians and China.

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1. 55. All of the following were brought to Europe during the time of the Mongols EXCEPT A) printing.

B) governmental techniques. C) awareness of a wider world. D) medicines.

E) explosives.

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1. 56. The major products of trade between Europe and China in the age of the Mongol Empire were A) wool and jewels.

B) silk and spices. C) wheat and rice. D) manufactured goods.

E) all of the above.

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1. 57. The Mongols brought to China A) shipbuilding techniques.

B) architecture. C) Persian astronomy. D) historical writing.

E) the creation of a long-lasting state in central Asia.

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1. 58. The major contributions of the Yuan dynasty include A) the spread of Buddhism.

B) great literary classics. C) great works of art. D) the integration of knowledge between East and West.

E) the spread of Mongol civilization.

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1. 59. The major reason for the decline of the Mongol Empire was A) the White Lotus Society.

B) internal rebellions. C) disease. D) all of the above.

E) none of the above.

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1. 60. Korean Koguryo accomplished all of the following EXCEPT the A) establishment of legal codes.

B) formation of a confederacy of noble families. C) adoption of Buddhism. D) creation of permanent monuments.

E) defeat of the Sui army.

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1. 61. A pagoda is A) a style of architecture.

B) a family?s living quarters. C) a merchant?s place of business. D) opposite of an Indian stupa.

E) a Buddhist monument.

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1. 62. The Koryo dynasty established in 936 C.E. A) eliminated the examination system.

B) destroyed the university founded by an earlier dynasty. C) emancipated the slaves. D) defeated a military coup.

E) supported Hinduism.

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1. 63. According to Chinese observers, ancient Japanese were A) rebellious.

B) poor farmers. C) governed by male elders. D) expert weavers and fishermen.

E) lacking a specific religious tradition.

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1. 64. Shint_, the ancient Japanese religion, included A) barring women from administrative leadership.

B) the belief that deities were everywhere in nature. C) one superior god. D) the world of the living was separate from that of the gods.

E) all of the above.

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1. 65. Since 660 B.C.E., the emperors of Japan have been of the clan called A) Fujiwara.

B) Heian. C) Shikoku. D) Yamato.

E) Taika.

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1. 66. The                  family became the main advisors to the Japanese emperor in the 7th century. A) Fujiwara

B) Amaterasu C) Shotoku D) Nameneto

E) Temmu  0 129

1. 67. The Taika, or ?Great Change,? in Japan refers to A) basic reforms patterned after the Tang state.

B) threats from new faiths that challenged traditional views. C) political issues arising under the Fujiwara rulers.

4. a Chinese invasion.
5. economic conflicts when great estates replaced the old small farms.

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1. 68. The Heian Period resulted in all the following EXCEPT A) the Fujiwara family ruled for figurehead emperors.

B) no taxation on private estates. C) the construction of a new capital at Kyoto. D) the end of Chinese inspired reforms.

E) a renewed domination by the Buddhist clergy.

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1. 69. The samurai were A) representatives of opposing political factions.

B) military men or their retainers. C) officials of the imperial government. D) types of clergy or religious leaders.

E) free peasants who owned land.

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1. 70. Women of the elite class during the Taika Reform period in Japan A) spoke with men from behind a screen.

B) spent most of their time indoors. C) married very young. D) were well educated.

E) all of the above.

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1. 71. During the Nara and Heian periods, Japan experienced all of the following EXCEPT A) pestilence.

B) high tax rates. C) an emphasis on the aristocracy. D) an increase in the number of literate farmers.

E) the publication of the world?s first novel.

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1. 72. During the Heian period, what dominated as a theme in the arts? A) music                    B) war C) religion       D) family E) nature

 

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1. 73. The Heian period ended with A) natural disasters.

B) warfare. C) fires. D) earthquakes.

E) all of the above.

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1. 74. The True Pure Land sect A) merged with the Nichiren sect.

B) broke with Buddhist tradition. C) preached the need of good works to reach salvation. D) believed an evil man could never enter the Pure Land.

E) none of the above.

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1. 75. During the Heian period, Japan A) eliminated Shint_ rituals. B) had religious wars often.

C) experienced little conflict. D) expelled all Buddhists.

E) had only peasants who followed Confucianism.

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1. 76. The major Zen sects stressed A) prayer.

B) military prowess. C) meditation and riddles. D) an organized clergy.

E) monastic life.

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1. 77. In the 12th century, Yoritomo of the Minamoto clan reformed the Japanese political system by establishing
       1. hereditary emperors. B) an elected leader.

C) the Japanese empire. D) a class of warrior-statesmen.

E) rule by shogun.

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1. 78. Unlike China, where scholar bureaucrats eventually rose to positions of dominance, in medieval Japan the

                  class rose to dominance.

1. 1. 1. farmer B) warrior

C) hereditary rulers D) priest

E) merchant

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