University of Minnesota, Duluth ACCT 2201 1)Which of the following theories refers to an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task? Self-efficacy theory Goal-setting theory Management by objectives Operant conditioning theory Pygmalion effect Which theory argues that an individual’s behavior can be trained or conditioned? Management by objectives Reinforcement theory Self-efficacy theory Pygmalion effect Goal-setting theory Engaged employees result in            

University of Minnesota, Duluth

ACCT 2201

1)Which of the following theories refers to an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task?

1. 1. Self-efficacy theory
   2. Goal-setting theory
   3. Management by objectives
   4. Operant conditioning theory
   5. Pygmalion effect
2. Which theory argues that an individual’s behavior can be trained or conditioned?
   1. Management by objectives
   2. Reinforcement theory
   3. Self-efficacy theory
   4. Pygmalion effect
   5. Goal-setting theory
3. Engaged employees result in             .
   1. High socialization
   2. Higher stress
   3. Lower task performance
   4. Higher productivity
   5. Lower OCB
4. Organizations increase employee engagement by                .
   1. Increasing access to resources
   2. Reducing safety constraints
   3. Holding employees accountable
   4. Selecting high performing employees
   5. Consistently rewarding performance with raises
5. What does it mean when an employee has a high level of job engagement?

5. 1. The employee thinks outcomes are allocated fairly
   2. The employee believes there is fairness of job outcomes, such as pay and recognition
   3. The employee experiences a high degree of extrinsic rewards
   4. The employee’s behavior, thoughts, and emotions are all directed toward job performance
   5. The employee displays dignity and respect for others
6. Which of the following is a possible drawback of job engagement?
   1. Lack of motivation
   2. Job satisfaction
   3. Overconfidence
   4. Family conflict
   5. Lack of promotions
7. Which of the following describes the investment of an employee’s physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance?
   1. Job enlargement
   2. Job rotation
   3. Job satisfaction
   4. Job enrichment
   5. Job engagement
8. Which of the following has not been found to be an outcome in companies with high job engagement?
   1. Fewer safety incidents
   2. Increased organizational citizenship behaviors
   3. Higher turnover
   4. Higher levels of productivity
   5. Increased task performance
9. Which of the following motivates a high achiever?
   1. An organization’s assessment of performance or organizational rewards
   2. Rewards goals linkages
   3. Effort performance linkages
   4. Personal responsibility
   5. Performance reward linkages

10. Theories that combine in ways that enhance or emphasize each other’s qualities are known as which of the following?
    1. Reinforcement
    2. Equity
    3. Self-actualization
    4. Two-factor
    5. Complementary
11. The drive to have friendly and close interpersonal relationships can be described as which of the following?

11. 1. Need for achievement
    2. Need for self-actualization
    3. Need for extrinsic rewards
    4. Need for power
    5. Need for affiliation
12. Which theory predicts an employee will display a high level of effort if they perceive a strong relationship between effort and performance, performance and reward, and rewards and satisfaction of personal goals?
    1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
    2. Goal-setting theory
    3. Expectancy theory
    4. Reinforcement theory
    5. Equity theory
13. Which of the theories recognizes that an organization’s rewards reinforce an individual’s performance?
    1. Expectancy theory
    2. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
    3. Goal-setting theory
    4. Equity theory
    5. Reinforcement theory
14. The job characteristics model includes which of the following?
    1. Task significance
    2. Team identification
    3. Task variety
    4. Control
    5. Skill identity
15. The job of baker in a bakery who is responsible for the design, baking, decorating, and finishing of all wedding cakes would be high in                                             .
    1. Task identity
    2. Skill significance
    3. Task significance
    4. Skill variety
    5. Autonomy

16. Which of the following is the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities so the worker can use specialized skills and talent?
    1. Skill variety
    2. Autonomy
    3. Task significance
    4. Feedback
    5. Task identity
17. Which of the following is a predictive index that suggests the motivating potential in a job?
    1. Job characteristics model (JCM)

17. 2. Autonomy
    3. Task identity
    4. Task significance
    5. Motivating potential score
18. Which of the following describes the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work?
    1. Task identity
    2. Autonomy
    3. Motivating potential score
    4. Task significance
    5. Job characteristics model (JCM)
19. Which of the following describes the freedom and independence a worker has to schedule his/her own work and determine the procedures for carrying it out?
    1. Autonomy
    2. Task significance
    3. Motivating potential score
    4. Task identity
    5. Job characteristics model (JCM)
20. Job redesign includes which of the following concepts?
    1. Job relocation
    2. Job standardization
    3. Process standardization
    4. Job rotation
    5. Job process
21. Relational job design focuses on                    .
    1. Customer service
    2. Prosocial motivation
    3. Job processes
    4. Job standards
    5. Rotating jobs
22. Which of the following describes the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another?
    1. Job sharing
    2. Job design
    3. Skill variety
    4. Job rotation
    5. Job enrichment
23. Which of the following statements does not describe a benefit of job rotation?
    1. Job rotation can be applied in work settings where cross training is feasible
    2. Job rotation typically increases employee turnover and attrition
    3. Job rotation provides an opportunity for managers to gain a picture of their organization as a whole
    4. Job rotation involves a periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another
    5. Job rotation typically leads to increased organizational commitment

24. Which of the following involves the studies conducted that shift the spotlight from the employees to those whose lives are affected by the job that employees perform?
    1. Job enrichment
    2. Job design
    3. Relational job design
    4. Skill variety
    5. Job rotation
25. Which of the following involves cross training an individual so that they are able to shift from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level?
    1. Skill variety
    2. Job design
    3. Job enrichment
    4. Job rotation
    5. Relational job design
26. Flextime allows employees to                        .
    1. Come to work during hours they select
    2. Work part-time and get paid for a full-time job
    3. Vary work hours within limits
    4. Work from home
    5. Come to work when there is something to do
27.                         refers to two or more employees who split the same full-time job.
    1. Flextime
    2. Job sharing
    3. Shared employment
    4. Work from home programs
    5. Job enrichment
28. Which of the following is an arrangement that allows two or more people to split a traditional 40-hour workweek?
    1. Job enrichment
    2. Telecommuting
    3. Flextime
    4. Job sharing
    5. Autonomy
29. Which of the following is a participative process that uses employees’ input to increase their commitment to the organization’s success?
    1. Piece-rate pay plan
    2. Employee stock ownership plan
    3. Variable-pay program
    4. Representative participation
    5. Employee involvement
30. Which of the following allows an employee to work a specific number of hours per week but also to vary their hours of work within organizational limits?

30. 1. Job enrichment
    2. Telecommuting
    3. Job sharing
    4. Flextime
    5. Autonomy
31. Which of the following allows employees to work at home or anywhere else the employee chooses that is outside the workplace?
    1. Job enrichment
    2. Flextime
    3. Autonomy
    4. Telecommuting
    5. Job sharing
32. Joint decision making between employees and their immediate supervisor is also known as  .
    1. Management by objective
    2. Participative management
    3. Goal based management
    4. Representative participation
    5. Employee empowerment
33. EIP stands for                          .
    1. Employee initial participation
    2. Employee involvement processes
    3. Employee initiation programs
    4. Employee involvement programs
    5. Engage, initiate, perform
34. Which of the following describes a group of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted when management makes decisions about employees?
    1. Employee involvement
    2. Participative management
    3. Profit-sharing plan
    4. Board representatives
    5. Work councils

35. Which of the following describes employees who sit on a company’s board of directors and represent employees’ interests?
    1. Profit-sharing plan
    2. Board representatives
    3. Employee involvement
    4. Participative management
    5. Work councils
36. Which of the following is the broad term for a process that encourages employee commitment to organizational success by seeking input from those employees?
    1. Board representatives

36. 2. Profit-sharing plan
    3. Work councils
    4. Participative management
    5. Employee involvement and participation
37. Which of the following forms of employee involvement involves joint decision making?
    1. Profit-sharing plan
    2. Participative management
    3. Employee involvement
    4. Board representatives
    5. Work councils
38. Which of the following identifies a company-established benefit plan in which employees acquire stock, often at below-market prices, as part of their compensation?
    1. Bonus plan
    2. Skill based benefit plan
    3. Merit plan
    4. 401K plan
    5. Employee Stock Ownership Plan
39. Which of the following describes a modular benefit plan?
    1. Predesigned packages of benefits, each of which meets the needs of a specific group of employees
    2. Essential benefits with a menu-like selection from which employees can choose
    3. Employees set aside pre-tax dollars to pay for particular benefits such as dental or healthcare
    4. A menu or selection of benefits from which employees may choose
    5. Predesigned packages of benefits that are determined by each employee
40. Which of the following identifies a means of compensating production workers with a fixed sum for each unit of production completed?
    1. Merit-based
    2. Gainsharing
    3. Piece rate
    4. Profit sharing
    5. Skill-based
41. Which of the following identifies a company-established benefit plan in which employees acquire stock, often at below-market prices, as part of their compensation?
    1. Merit-based
    2. Employee stock ownership plan
    3. Profit sharing
    4. Skill-based
    5. Bonus
42. Which type of pay structure sets pay levels by balancing the worth of a job to the organization?
    1. Internal equity
    2. Skill-based

42. 3. Profit-sharing
    4. External equity
    5. Bonus
43. Which type of variable pay distributes compensation based on formula designed around a company’s profitability?
    1. Bonus
    2. Internal equity
    3. Skill-based
    4. Profit-sharing
    5. External equity
44. Which of the following increases take-home pay because employees do not pay taxes on the dollars they spend from these accounts?
    1. Modular plans
    2. Flexible spending
    3. Core plans
    4. Menu selection plans
    5. Predesigned plans
45. Theories that combine in ways that enhance or emphasize each other’s qualities are known as which of the following?
    1. Equity
    2. Complementary
    3. Reinforcement
    4. Two-factor
    5. Self-actualizing
46. Which of the following describes a flexible benefit plan?
    1. Predesigned packages of benefits, each of which meets the needs of a specific group of employees
    2. Employees set aside pretax dollars up to a maximum dollar amount to pay for particular benefits, such as health care and dental premiums
    3. Essential benefits with a menu-like selection of benefits from which employees can select
    4. Predesigned packages of benefits which are determined by top management
    5. A menu or selection of benefits from which employers may choose
47. Which of the following plans can increase take-home pay because employees don’t pay taxes on the dollars they spend from these accounts?
    1. Menu selection plans
    2. Predesigned plans
    3. Modular plans
    4. Core-plus
    5. Flexible spending
48. Which of the following permits employees to individualize their rewards by choosing a compensation package that satisfies their individual needs and situations?
    1. Flexible spending plans
    2. Standardized benefit plan