Pensacola State College

HIM SOC1142

Chapters 7

1)The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy is called _.

2. Consider the three major theoretical perspectives we’ve routinely explored throughout our text. This perspective is likely to explore the ways in which poverty serves a purpose in society by ensuring that even the “ugly” jobs get done

3. Francisco has highly educated parents. Throughout his school years, each parent took turns ensuring he understood his coursework. They put much effort into conveying the value and importance of education to Francisco as he went through school. Francisco has higher than a

4.0 high school grade point average and is now applying to the top private colleges in the nation. According to Bourdieu, Francisco acquired _ from his parents.

4. A recent news story reported that when a newly engaged woman gave some change to a homeless man, her ring fell into his coin jar. After he proceeded to return it, he received a large sum of money in donations from people touched by the story. This is an example of _.

5. Which theorist believed that economic relationships were the only social relationships that mattered?

6. The idea that entrenched attitudes can develop among poor communities and lead the poor to accept their fate is called _.

7. In industrialized, capitalist societies, stratification systems are most commonly based on _.

8. Which of the following statements is correct?

9. In three months, our local community will be having a very important election for city council members. As Jorge drives through town, he notices that wealthy and middle­class areas have

political signs in almost every yard while there are no signs at all in poor neighborhoods. This exemplifies which concept?

10. Which Sociological theory matches the theory on poverty?

11. Which of the following is true concerning race and ethnicity?

12. On St. Patrick’s Day, Aiden, who is Irish, goes to have drinks with friends wearing his green shirt and ordering a green beer. Aiden is displaying _.

13. It’s a common American myth that everyone in the United States has equal access to education and, thus, to a well-paying job. The data about who actually receives degrees tells a different story, however. Examine Figure 8.3 U.S. Bachelor’s Degree Holders by Race. Which group in the United States is least likely to find a well-paying job that requires a college degree?
14. Lana is a light-skinned African American teenager attending a predominantly white high school. She tells people that she is white in order to avoid the consequences of being black in a racist society. She is practicing _.

15. Which of the following groups has the shortest life expectancy?

16. The pattern of intergroup relations that encourages racial and ethnic variation within a society is called _.

17. As online interaction becomes more common, so too do online friendships. Within an online environment, elements of which sociological concept become unavailable?

18. _ is an attitude whereas _ is a behavior.

19. In America, all citizens have equal chances of obtaining significant wealth during their lifetime.

20. An _system is a social system with ample opportunities to move from one class to another.

21. Apartheid is a specific example of what system of social stratification?

22. Ascribed status is usually involuntary and often assigned at birth. Achieved status is voluntary and often based on merit, ability, or achievement. What sort of status would you expect to find in a closed system?

23. According to Karl Marx, what social relations matter most in a capitalist system?

24. Who acted kindly toward John Coleman when he went undercover as a homeless person and lived on the street for ten days?

25. A young doctor fresh out of medical school who looks for a position where he can work about twenty hours a week and make much less money than other doctors might be

26. Although we usually think of social mobility as a result of individual effort, during the “dot­com boom” of the late 1990s, many people became instant millionaires. This is an example of:

27. Oscar Lewis was the first to suggest that, because they are excluded from mainstream social life, the poor develop a way of life with fundamentally different values and goals, which makes it much less likely that they will ever join the middle class. This way of life is usually called:

28. How do observers determine someone’s socioeconomic status when meeting them for the first time?

29. The upper class makes up just 1 percent of the total U.S. population, but its total net worth is greater than that of _ of the rest of the population.

30. Approximately what percentage of the United States population falls below the federal poverty line?

31. Which system of social stratification was in the final stages of breaking down when Karl Marx developed his ideas?

32. The tendency to choose romantic partners based on similarities in background and group membership is called:

33. What is the principal sociological critique of the culture of poverty?

34. The practice of refusing mortgages for houses in poor and minority neighborhoods is called:
35. Poverty can be defined in either relative or absolute terms. How does relative deprivation measure poverty?

36. What does Pierre Bourdieu call the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time?

37. Which of the following is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit?

38. What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?

39. Mother Teresa was a person with tremendous power and prestige, yet she was very poor. Mother Teresa is an example of which of the following?

40. What do sociologists call awareness of our own and others’ class statuses?

41. When individuals fail to see the ways they are oppressed by the social system they live in, Karl Marx calls it:

42. What is the movement called that encourages people to work less, consume less, and generally “downshift” their lifestyles?

43. If an individual takes adult education classes, attends lectures and concerts, or travels to Europe, what might he be trying to gain more of?

44. The folk­pop singer Jewel is famous for having lived in her van when she first moved to San Diego and started performing in a coffee shop. Soon after she was signed by Atlantic Records, her advance allowed her to rent a house and buy a new car. What class­based phenomenon is this an example of?

45. When the children of working­class parents manage to attend college and get a job in a professional field, it is an example of:

46. How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?

47. An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called:

48. The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group’s political borders is called:
49. According to conflict theory, what is the real source of racism?

50. In the early nineteenth century, Native Americans, who had survived clashes with the U.S. Army, were forcibly removed to reservations. This is an example of:

51. What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?

52. How do sociologists define a minority group?

53. When whites are less than half the population of any given state, it is called a:
54. The belief that all Irish are drunks is an example of:

55. A young person from Southern California has four German grandparents. She lived in Los Angeles all her life before accepting a job in Milwaukee. She’s never really thought about her German heritage, but in Milwaukee she discovers many other people with similar ancestries and starts using her ethnicity as a way to develop social and professional relationships. What is this an example of?

56. According to Angela Davis, why are African American teenage girls disproportionately likely to have children?

57. How do sociologists define race?

58. How do the current demographics of California challenge the way the term “minority” has been used in the past?

59. The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, or national group is called: Answer: genocide.
60. What are the features of a minority group?

61. Which major U.S. racial group has the lowest high school dropout rate?

62. Despite demographic shifts, how can you tell that whites are still the dominant group in California?

63. In 2010, the Census Bureau allowed Americans to check more than one box when identifying their race. What percentage of the population took advantage of this and identified themselves as multiracial?

64. How do we decide when to display situational ethnicity?

65. What racial issue does functionalism help to explain?

66. In 1993 six African American Secret Service agents filed a complaint with the Department of Justice against Denny’s for refusal of service because the restaurant took much longer to serve them than other customers. After they filed the complaint, thousands of other African Americans came forward with similar allegations. What are these allegations evidence of?

67. In Chicago, a city with more Polish people than anywhere else in the United States, Casimir Pulaski Day is always a very important holiday. Although not well remembered in the rest of the country, Pulaski was a Polish­born hero of the American Revolution and a cavalry general. What concept helps to explain why this holiday is so much more important to people who trace their ancestry to Poland?

68. According to theorists like Edna Bonacich, what is the effect of a split labor market, in which workers belonging to one race are paid less than those of a different race?

69. What is it called when someone lives as if they were a member of a different racial category than the one they were born into?