University of California, Santa Cruz

BIOL 20B

1)A plant cell feature also found in animal cells is

 

1. 1. A large vacuole

 

1. 2. Plastids

 

1. 3. Plasmodesmata

 

1. 4. A cell wall

 

1. 5. Mitochondria

 

2. Which of the following plant cells function when the cells are dead

 

1. 1. Tracheary elements

 

1. 2. Collenchyma cells

 

1. 3. Sclerenchyma cells

 

1. 4. Companion cells

 

1. 5. Both A and C

 

3. Secondary growth

 

1. 1. Results in the formation of wood

 

1. 2. Occurs only in stems

 

1. 3. Makes the plant taller

 

1. 4. Is especially prevalent in monocots

 

1. 5. Occurs in all angiosperms

 

4. Primary growth occurs in

 

1. 1. Only in shoots

 

1. 2. Only in woody plants

 

1. 3. At the apex of the shoot

 

1. 4. At the tips of roots

 

1. 5. Both C and D

 

5. An axillary bud

 

1. 1. Is an embryonic shoot

1. 2. Always develops into a new branch

 

1. 3. Is where the apical meristem is located

 

1. 4. Is likely to develop into a root

 

1. 5. Contains the lateral meristems in some plants

 

6. Veins in leaves

 

1. 1. Are formed from epidermal cells

 

1. 2. Hold the leaves together

 

1. 3. Are composed of vascular tissue

 

1. 4. Function to provide CO2 for photosynthesis

 

1. 5. Are sites of photosynthesis

 

7. Parenchyma cells

 

1. 1. Are the most numerous cell type in young plants

 

1. 2. Generally have thin cell walls

 

1. 3. Can be photosynthetic

 

1. 4. May store starch or oils

 

1. 5. All of the above

 

8. Sieve tube members have sieve plates where they join other sieve tube members. Which of the following best describes the sieve plates?
   1. Sieve plates pores are enlargements of meristems

 

1. 2. Sieve plates are necessary to allow conduction between sieve tube cells

 

1. 3. Sieve plates allow joining of cytoplasm between adjacent stomata

 

1. 4. All of the above

 

9. Plants regulate gas exchange and water loss via

 

1. 1. The cuticle

 

1. 2. Guarded stomata

 

1. 3. Coated pits

 

1. 4. Sieve plates

10. Vascular bundles are composed of                 and                  .

 

1. 1. Root hairs; xylem

 

1. 2. Cork; phloem

 

1. 3. Xylem; phloem

 

1. 4. Wood; cork

 

11. Xylem transports

 

1. 1. Amino acids

 

1. 2. Water

 

1. 3. Carbohydrates

 

1. 4. Minerals

 

1. 5. Both b and d

 

12. Osmosis

 

1. 1. Requires energy

 

1. 2. Is the movement of water across a membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
   3. is the movement of water across a membrane from high solute concentration to low solute concentration.
   4. Is the movement of solutes across the membrane.

 

1. 5. is facilitated in plant cells by the pressure potential (turgor pressure).

 

13. Translocation is driven by osmosis caused by the                  transport of sucrose into the

                      .

 

1. 1. Passive; phloem at a source

 

1. 2. Active; xylem

 

1. 3. Active; phloem at a source

 

1. 4. Active; phloem at a sink

 

1. 5. Passive; xylem

 

14. If the concentration of a solute (for example, sucrose) is higher inside a cell than outside it,
    1. Sucrose may be taken up by the cell without the expenditure of energy.

 

1. 2. Surcrose may diffuse passively out of the cell.

 

1. 3. The diffusion of sucrose out of the cell will require energy.

 

1. 4. Sucrose may be taken up by secondary active transport.

 

1. 5. Both b and d

 

15. The fact that water transport continues as long as leaves are alive and active indicates that

 

1. 1. Leaves pump water

 

1. 2. Leaves are necessary for the transport of water

 

1. 3. Roots are active

 

1. 4. Water is not needed for leaves to remain alive

 

16. Which of the following is true regarding transport in phloem?

 

1. 1. Transport in phloem is always active in the direction of leaves to roots

 

1. 2. Transport in phloem is from source tissue to sink tissue

 

1. 3. Transport in phloem cells require no energy inputs from the plant

 

1. 4. None of the above.

 

17. The movement of water up the stems of tall plants is least dependent on which of the following factors?
    1. Guttation

 

1. 2. Transpiration

 

1. 3. Cohesion of water molecules

 

1. 4. Tensions within water columns

 

18. The opening and closing of the stomata are accomplished by the

 

1. 1. Sieve tube

 

1. 2. Guard cells

1. 3. Translocation

 

1. 4. Aquaporins

 

19. Which of the following plant body parts is not vegetative?

 

1. 1. Stem

 

1. 2. Root

 

1. 3. Potato tuber

 

1. 4. Onion bulb

 

1. 5. Blueberry

 

20. The root cap

 

1. 1. Protects the root apical meristem

 

1. 2. Is an area of active cell division

 

1. 3. Can detect the pull of gravity

 

1. 4. Is where root hairs are formed

 

1. 5. Both A and C

 

21. Macronutirents are            than micronutrients

 

1. 1. Larger molecules

 

1. 2. Needed in greater concentrations

 

1. 3. More essential

 

1. 4. More important for growth

 

22. Nitrogen and potassium are acquired from

 

1. 1. Soil solution

 

1. 2. Heterotrophs

 

1. 3. Air

 

1. 4. All of the above

 

23. Clay particles in soils are important for

 

1. 1. Holding soil together

1. 2. Ion exchange

 

1. 3. Holding water

 

1. 4. All of the above

 

24. Organic fertilizers

 

1. 1. Release their nutrients to the soil quickly

 

1. 2. Can improve the soil

 

1. 3. Are more readily leached out of the soil than inorganic fertilizers

 

1. 4. Can easily be formulated to meet the nutritional needs of a crop

 

1. 5. Can be applied by spraying.

 

25. Plants are able to take up and use nitrogen in the form of               and                  .

 

1. 1. Ammonia; nitrate

 

1. 2. Ammonia; nitrogen gas

 

1. 3. Nitrogen gas nitrate

 

1. 4. All of the above

 

26. Which of the following may function to break dormancy in seeds?

 

1. 1. Penetration of the seed coat

 

1. 2. Leaching of inhibitory compounds by water

 

1. 3. Exposure to fire

 

1. 4. All of the above

 

27. Which of the following hormones is responsible for bud break in the spring in deciduous trees?
    1. Auxins

 

1. 2. Cytokinins

 

1. 3. Gibberellins

 

1. 4. Ethylene

 

28. Which of the following hormones is responsible for maintaining bud dormancy in deciduous trees?

1. 1. Auxins

 

1. 2. Cytokinins

 

1. 3. Gibberellins

 

1. 4. Abscisic acid

 

 

29. You have installed an outdoor gas-burning grill on your back patio next to your favorite camellia bush. After the first few chilly nights of using your grill, you notice that your camellia, which does not normally lose its leaves, is beginning to do so. Which of the following is the best explanation for what is happening?
    1. The bush is getting too warm next to your grill.

 

1. 2. Ethylene is a by-product of the gas you are burning and is causing senescence in your plant.
   3. Abscisic acid is a by-product of the gas you are burning and is causing senescence in your plant.
   4. The plant is a biennial and is bolting.

 

30. Which of the following light receptors is responsible for absorbing blue and ultraviolet light?
    1. Phytochrome P_r

 

1. 2. Phytochrome P_fr

 

1. 3. Cryptochrome

 

1. 4. Phototropin

 

31. A complete flower

 

1. 1. is made up of structures that are modified leaves.

 

1. 2. consists of carpels, sepals, and petals.

 

1. 3. consists of pistils, sepals, and petals.

 

1. 4. consists of carpels, petals, and pistils.

 

1. 5. consists of pistils, stigmas, and petals.

 

32. The inability of plants to reproduce sexually using male and female parts of flowers from the same plant

1. 1. results from a barrier to pollination.

 

1. 2. results in less genetic diversity in a species.

 

1. 3. occurs in all plants.

 

1. 4. is called self-incompatibility.

 

1. 5. occurs because the pollen is not firmly bound to the stigma.

 

33. In fertilization of angiosperms, the two                 sperm nuclei first enter the cytoplasm of a  synergid cell. One sperm nucleus fuses with the nucleus of the egg to produce a        zygote, and the other sperm nucleus fuses two polar nuclei to produce a

                  endosperm.

 

1. 1. haploid; diploid; diploid; triploid

 

1. 2. haploid; haploid; diploid; triploid

 

1. 3. diploid; haploid; triploid; triploid

 

1. 4. diploid; haploid; triploid; tetraploid

 

1. 5. haploid; triploid; diploid; triploid

 

 

 

 

 

 

34. Which of the following treatments would cause cocklebur, a short day plant, to flower?

 

1. 1. 16 hours of light; 7 hours of darkness

 

1. 2. 12 hours of light; 8 hours of darkness

 

1. 3. 12 hours of light; 10 hours of darkness

 

34. 4. 12 hours of light; 8 hours of darkness, but the plants were exposed to red light for 10 minutes in the middle of the dark period
    5. 12 hours of light; a 30 minute dark period in the middle of the light period; 8 hours dark
35. Pollination

 

1. 1. is synonymous with fertilization.

 

1. 2. always results in seed formation.

1. 3. is the transfer of pollen from the stigma to the anther.

 

1. 4. is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.

 

1. 5. always requires liquid water.

 

36. The male gametophyte of angiosperms

 

1. 1. usually requires liquid water for fertilization.

 

1. 2. attaches to the ovule prior to fertilization.

 

1. 3. is the pollen grain.

 

1. 4. can germinate on its own to form new plants.

 

1. 5. is the macrogametophyt

 

37. Seeds of angiosperms

 

1. 1. gain water in the late stages of their development.

 

1. 2. are the structures in which embryos develop.

 

1. 3. are enclosed in fruits derived from the integuments.

 

1. 4. contain diploid endosperm.

 

1. 5. are derived from the ovary.

 

38. You have moved into a new house. During the first summer you notice lots of plants that do not bloom. During the second summer your yard is a sea of blooms. It is now spring of the third year, and there are no plants. This can best be explained by which of the following?
    1. Your plants are annuals.

 

1. 2. Your plants are biennials.

 

1. 3. Your plants are perennials.

 

1. 4. Your plants are being affected by drought.

 

39. The receptor of the photoperiod that induces flowering

 

1. 1. is intertwined with the biological clock.

 

1. 2. is in the stems.

 

1. 3. is in the leaf.

 

1. 4. does not transmit the results of the stimulus to the rest of the plant.

1. 5. Both a and c

 

 

40. After setting the correct photoperiod, you still don't have roses. Which of the following has most likely contributed to the problem?
    1. The heating system is allowing fluctuations in temperature between 20°C and 25°C.

 

1. 2. The furnace mechanic accidentally turned off the lights for an hour two days in a row.
   3. The cleaning crew turned the lights on for an hour three nights in a row.

 

1. 4. None of the above

 

41. In green plant photosynthesis, water is

 

1. 1. oxidized to molecular oxygen (O₂) in the light.

 

1. 2. reduced to hydrogen gas.

 

1. 3. used to cleave RuBP.

 

1. 4. oxidized to O₂ in the dark.

 

1. 5. an electron acceptor.

 

42. Plants that carry out crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) differ from C₄ plants in that

 

1. 1. they do not contain PEP carboxylase.

 

1. 2. they do not carry out the Calvin cycle.

 

1. 3. their stomates are open at night.

 

1. 4. they do not need ATP for photosynthesis.

 

1. 5. they do not contain rubisco.

 

43. Reaction center chlorophylls

 

1. 1. undergo reduction when in the excited state.

 

1. 2. become oxidized in the dark.

 

1. 3. are oxidized when in the excited state.

 

1. 4. have a different structure from most of the antennae chlorophylls.

 

1. 5. are not involved in electron transport in photosynthesis.

44. Phytoalexins are

 

1. 1. Proteins

 

1. 2. synthesized in response to bacterial or fungal infection.

 

1. 3. Nucleotides

 

1. 4. siRNAs

 

1. 5. structurally related to aspirin.

 

45. Which of the following plant act as deterrents to being eaten by herbivores?

 

1. 1. Alkaloids

 

1. 2. Latex

 

1. 3. Thorns

 

1. 4. Some PR proteins

 

1. 5. All of the above

 

46. The hypersensitive response

 

1. 1. involves salicylic acid.

 

1. 2. is initially a localized response to infection.

 

1. 3. involves the killing of plant cells by phytoalexins.

 

1. 4. results in containment of an infection.

 

1. 5. All of the above

 

47. Systemic acquired resistance

 

1. 1. is restricted to a few pathogens.

 

1. 2. is short-lived.

 

1. 3. is limited to the pathogen that induced it.

 

1. 4. results in the formation of pathogenesis-related proteins.

 

1. 5. is evoked by systemin.

 

48. Plants that bear male and female flowers on separate individuals are

 

1. 1. Monoecious

1. 2. Monocots

 

1. 3. Dioecious

 

1. 4. Eudicots

 

1. 5. imperfect.

 

49. Double fertilization

 

1. 1. results in a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm.

 

1. 2. occurs in all tracheophytes.

 

1. 3. results in two embryos.

 

1. 4. results in a tetraploid endosperm.

 

1. 5. results in a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm.

 

50. The part of a flower that receives pollen is the

 

1. 1. Ovule

 

1. 2. Receptacle

 

1. 3. Stigma

 

1. 4. Ovary

 

1. 5. Style